Yield performance in heritage spring wheat and barley varieties in organic farming

Field trials show that under organic conditions, heritage spring cereals can in some cases give a yield and quality compared with modern varieties. The paper discuss the season for the lack of yield improvement under organic conditions due to plant breeding

The Impact of New Methods of Money Laundering on the Economy of the State

Modern information technology society is based on daily use of computer technology, communication networks, mobile communication and other technical facilities. Information technology is widely used in modern society not only in the workplace, is has entered almost all spheres of human life. The article presents new methods of laundering of proceeds of crime in the modern world. Today cybercrime is getting a huge scale, every day more and more people are trying to legalize their incomes in different ways by crime. This article shows the ways of solving the problem of money laundering in order to counteract effectively against the legalization of illegal income and reduce the level of crime in this sphere of activity. Keywords: legalization (laundering) of incomes, combating, cybercrime, Interne

Sepsis? Vs sepsis!

Institutul de Chirurgie „A.Vişnevskii”, Moscova, Federația Rusă, Al XIII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” și al III-lea Congres al Societății de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivă și Ultrasonografie ”V.M.Guțu” din Republica MoldovaConsensul internațional Sepsis-3 (2016) de facto a anulat clasificarea precedentă a sepsisului ACCP / SCCM (Chicago, 1991). Totodată, se păstrează definiția sepsisului ca disfuncție acută a organelor din cauza răspunsului dereglat al organismului uman la infecții de variată natură (bacteriene, virale, fungice), manifestată prin inflamație generalizată (sistemică). Sepsisul nu este considerat ca o nosologie separată, ci ca un sindrom caracterizat prin anumite semne clinice și de laborator nespecifice. Această afirmație contrazice realitățile clinice inerente pacienților cu infecție chirurgicală și principiile de bază ale nosografiei și formulării diagnosticului. S-a dovedit convingător, că sepsisul chirurgical este cauzat de microorganisme (MO) omniprezente. În anumite condiții (numărul MO, care depășește 100.000 pe 1 g de țesut), factorii patogenitici principali - toxinele microbiene și tisulare și citokinele, sunt produse în focarul primar al infecției. Pătrunzând în circulația sanguină, ele determină o reacție citotoxică în cascadă, care duce la dezvoltarea imunodeficienței secundare, efectelor citotoxice, sindromului de răspuns inflamator sistemic (SIRS) și a sepsisului. Este bine stabilită corelația dintre numărul de MO în focarul purulent și activitatea fagocitelor atât în țesuturi, cât și în sângele circulant, precum și efectul direct al acestor indicatori asupra evoluţiei bolii. Dimensiunile suprafeței plăgii, precum și calitatea debridării chirurgicale și închiderea precoce a plăgii au un impact direct asupra rezultatelor tratamentului. Astfel, sepsisul chirurgical este o boală sistemică nespecifică / complicație, care se dezvoltă întotdeauna ca consecinţă a focarului primar al infecției chirurgicale și este de obicei cauzată de OM omniprezente. Principalele criterii pentru diagnosticul sepsisului sunt următoarele: - Focarul primar al infecției (suprafață / volum, inclusiv indicele peritonitei Mannheim); - Focare secundare purulente (singurul simptom patognomonic); - Febră rezistentă; - Bacteriemie persistentă (cel puțin 2-3 culturi sanguine pozitive); - În cele din urmă, SIRS.International consensus Sepsis-3 (2016) de-facto canceled the former classification of sepsis ACCP / SCCM (Chicago, 1991). However, the definition of sepsis as acute organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulation of the human organism response to infections of various nature (bacterial, viral, fungal), manifested by generalized (systemic) inflammation is preserved. Sepsis is not considered as a separate nosology, but as a syndrome characterized by certain non-specific set of clinical and laboratory findings. This statement is contrary to the clinical realities proper to patients with surgical infection, and the basic principles of nosography and formulation of diagnosis. Fundamentally proven that surgical sepsis is caused by ubiquitous microorganisms (MO). Under certain conditions (the number of MO, exceeding 100,000 per 1 g of tissue), main pathogenetic factors - microbial and tissue toxins and cytokines, are produced in the primary focus of infection. Penetrating into the blood flow, they cause a cascade cytotoxic reaction leading to the development of secondary immunodeficiency, cytotoxic effects, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. It’s well established the correlation between the number of MO in purulent focus and the activity of phagocytes both in the tissues and in circulation, as well as the direct effect of these indicators on the outcome of disease. The size of the wound surface, as well as quality of surgical debridement and early closure of the wound have a direct impact on the treatment results. Thereby, surgical sepsis is a systemic non-specific infectious disease / complication, that always develops due to primary focus of surgical infection and is usually caused by ubiquitous MO. The main criteria for the diagnosis of sepsis are as follows: - Primary focus of infection (area / volume, including Mannheim peritonitis index); - Secondary purulent foci (the only pathognomonic symptom); - Resistant (remitting) fever; - Persistent bacteremia (at least 2-3 positive blood cultures); - And finally, SIRS

Pathomimia (auto-aggressive syndrome) in purulent surgery of soft tissues

Institutul de Chirurgie „A.V.Vişnevskii”, Moscova, Federația Rusă, Al XIII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” și al III-lea Congres al Societății de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivă și Ultrasonografie ”V.M.Guțu” din Republica MoldovaIntroducere: Patomimia (sindromul Kozins-Dure) - provocarea autoleziunilor de către pacient pentru a trezi interesul și simpatia celorlalți oameni; observată în isterie; este un fel de mitomanie. Material si metode: Lucrarea se bazează pe rezultatele tratamentului a 128 de pacienți (toate femei) la Institutul de Chirurgie „A. V. Vişnevskii” în perioada 1975-1998. Toate femeile au fost internate în spital cu diagnosticul de sepsis sau sepsis cronic. Din cele 128 de paciente, 85 (67%) au fost operate pentru diferite colecţii purulente de la 11 până la 50 de ori, iar 24 (18,6%) - peste 50 de ori. Toate focarele purulente au fost localizate în țesuturile moi pe suprafața anterioară a corpului. Principalele manifestări ale bolii: procese purulente recurente ale țesuturilor moi și ulcerații tegumentare, febră înaltă de lungă durată. Rezultate: Cele mai frecvente modalități de a provoca boala: autoinjectarea fecalelor, urinei, produselor petroliere, perforări și injecții ale pielii și membranelor mucoase cu ace contaminate, agrafe de hârtie etc..., manipulări cu termometrul, consumul medicamentelor care induc febră. Principalele caracteristici diagnostice ale febrei artificiale: femeile aflate în vârstă fertilă, multiplicitatea și localizarea în grup a cicatricilor și focarelor purulente, în zone accesibile mâinilor pacientei, identificarea bacteriilor enterale în focarele purulente, lipsa ritmului circadian al febrei, scăderea rapidă (în câteva minute) a temperaturii fără transpirații, starea generală satisfăcătoare, analizele sângelui nemodificate, recurenţe multiple ale bolii, culturi sanguine negative. Principiile diagnosticului patomimiei: termometria în prezența personalului medical, căutarea unor urme de injecții în zona localizării cicatricilor sau proceselor inflamatorii noi, căutarea obiectelor utilizate pentru acțiuni auto-agresive, examinarea histologică a țesuturilor, consultarea psihiatrilor și teste psihologice. Evidența legală a genezei artificiale a bolii: găsirea obiectelor folosite pentru acțiuni auto-agresive, examinarea histologică cu determinarea celulelor gigante sugestive corpurilor străini în țesuturile afectate, uleiului mineral, fragmentelor de sol și, în final, însăși recunoașterea pacienților. Concluzii: La majoritatea pacientelor cu patomimie a fost constatată o formă isterică sau explozivă de personalitate, depresie nevrotică, psihopatie isterică sau neurastenie. Doar la 4 paciente s-a verificat schizofrenia (2 cazuri) și epilepsia (2). În relațiile zilnice cu pacientele, trebuie de avut în vedere faptul că bolnavul cu boala artificială suspectată are aceleași drepturi ca și ceilalți: confidențialitatea și consimțământul informat. Pacienții cu patomimie adesea înaintează petiţii și procese în instanța de judecată.Background: Pathomimia (Kozins-Dure syndrome) - causing patient lesions to himself in order to arouse the interest and sympathy of others; observed in hysteria; is a kind of mythomania. Methods and materials: The paper is based on treatment results of 128 patients (all women) at the A. V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery in 1975-1998. All women were admitted into the hospital with a diagnosis of sepsis or chronic sepsis. Of the 128 patients, 85 (67%) were operated for different purulent collections from 11 to 50 times, whereas 24 (18.6%) - more than 50 times. All inflammatory focuses were localized in soft tissues on the front surface of the body. The main manifestations of the disease: recurrent purulent processes of soft tissues and skin ulceration, prolonged high fever. Results: The most frequent manners of causing the disease: self-injection of feces, urine, petroleum products, punctures and injections of the skin and mucous membranes with contaminated needles, paper clips, etc., manipulations with a thermometer, taking medications that cause fever. The main diagnostic features of artificial fever: women of childbearing age, multiplicity and group localization of scars and purulent focuses in areas accessible to the patient’s hands, cultivation of enteral bacteria from purulent foci, lack of circadian rhythm of fever, rapid (within minutes) decreasing of temperature without sweating, satisfactory general conditions, normal blood counts, multiple relapses of disease, negative blood cultures. Principles of pathomimia’ diagnostics: thermometry in the presence of medical staff, searching for traces of injections in the area of scar grouping or over the new inflammatory site, searching for objects used for auto-aggressive actions, histological examination of tissues, psychiatrist consultation and psychological testing. Legal evidence of the artificial genesis of disease: finding objects used for auto-aggressive actions, histological examination with finding of giant cells suggestive for foreign bodies in the affected tissues, mineral oil, soil fragments, and, finally, recognition of the patient herself. Conclusion: In majority of patients with pathomimia, a hysterical or explosive types of personality, neurotic depression, hysterical psychopathy, or neurasthenia were revealed. Only in 4 patients schizophrenia (2 cases) and epilepsy (2) was verified. In daily relationships with the patient, it should be remembered that the patient with the suspected artificially induced disease has the same rights as others: privacy, confidentiality and informed consent. Patients with pathomimia often impose court complaints and lawsuits

Методы принятия решений в транспортной политике: многокритериальный подход

Transport policy includes various aspects of government regulation of transport and related industries. Decision-making in transport policy must consider a wide range of factors and evaluate options for the consequences of adoption of certain decisions based on various criteria, such as cost, environmental impact, and social effects. Two widely used decision-making tools in transport policy are multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA).The objective of the study was to select decision support methods for transport policy that consider aspects other than monetary or hardly formalised onesAs a practical experiment, the study selected and ranked projects currently considered promising, per as they correspond to a given target using T Saat/s analytic hierarchy process. Several criteria developed within the framework of the study are proposed for the purpose of applied assessment of the pool of projects and their prioritisation.Application of such criteria and AHP allowed to develop a new applied tool for evaluating projects for subsequent use in the system of state administration of the transport industry. The study concludes that although CBA and MCDA methods have their strengths and weaknesses, the choice of method should depend on the specific context of the project. Транспортная политика включает в себя различные аспек­ты государственного регулирования работы транспорта и смежных отраслей экономики. При принятии решений в транс­портной политике необходимо учитывать широкий спектр факторов и проводить оценку вариантов последствий от тех или иных решений на основе различных критериев, таких как стоимость, воздействие на окружающую среду и социальные эффекты. Двумя широко используемыми инструментами приня­тия решений в транспортной политике являются многокрите­риальный анализ решений (MCDA) и анализ затрат и выгод (CBA).Целью данного исследования является отбор таких ме­тодов поддержки принятия решений в транспортной полити­ке, которые позволяли бы учитывать не только монетарные и трудноформализуемые аспекты.В рамках исследования в качестве практического экспе­римента проведён отбор и ранжирование проектов, рассмат­риваемых в настоящее время в качестве перспективных, на предмет соответствия заданной цели с использованием метода анализа иерархий Т. Саати. Предложен ряд разрабо­танных в рамках исследования критериев для цели прикладной оценки пула проектов и их приоритизации.На примере данных критериев и метода анализа иерархий разработан новый прикладной инструментарий оценки про­ектов для последующего использования в системе государ­ственного управления транспортной отраслью. Исследование приходит к выводу, что хотя методы CBA и MCDA имеют свои сильные и слабые стороны, выбор метода Должен зави­сеть от конкретного контекста проекта

Транспортная политика: теоретическая база и экономические аспекты

The transport policy of the state is an integral part of its economic and spatial policy. The relevance of the clarification of the content of the term «transport policy» is conditioned by the attention of the state to the issues of strategic planning in the field of transport. In Russia, it was clearly evidenced by the approval in 2021 by the Government of the Russian Federation of the updated Transport Strategy of the country until 2030 with a forecast for the period until 2035.The article reviews the definitions of transport policy in the scientific literature: its economic, environmental, technical, geopolitical and other aspects are considered. At the same time, the main emphasis of the study was on the economic factors of transport policy: the materials of economic theories (spatial development and distribution of productive forces), decision theories and methods for assessing the effectiveness of investments in transport infrastructure were considered. The definitions and the range of their application are specified. Also, the components of the transport policy have been established and a range of tools of its implementation has been defined, incl. financial, regulatory, etc. Based on the data obtained, a structure of the relationship between transport policy and economic growth was compiled, social and other components to economic aspects were identified.Транспортная политика государства является неотъемлемой частью его экономической и пространственной политики. Актуальность уточнения содержания термина «транспортная политика» обуславливается вниманием государства к проблематике стратегического планирования в области транспорта. В России очевидным свидетельством этого стало утверждение в 2021 году Правительством Российской Федерации обновлённой Транспортной стратегии страны до 2030 года с прогнозом на период до 2035 года.В статье проведён обзор определений транспортной политики в научной литературе, рассмотрены её экономические, экологические, технические, геополитические и другие аспекты. При этом основной акцент в рамках исследования был сделан на экономические факторы транспортной политики: рассмотрены материалы экономических теорий (пространственное развитие и размещение производительных сил), теорий принятий решений и методов оценки эффективности инвестиций в транспортную инфраструктуру. Уточнены определения и круг их применения. Также установлены составляющие транспортной политики и определён круг инструментов её реализации, в том числе финансовых, регуляторных и других.На основании полученных данных составлена конструкция взаимосвязей между транспортной политикой и экономическим ростом, выделены социальные и иные составляющие экономических аспектов

No Way Back: Maximizing survival time below the Schwarzschild event horizon

It has long been known that once you cross the event horizon of a black hole, your destiny lies at the central singularity, irrespective of what you do. Furthermore, your demise will occur in a finite amount of proper time. In this paper, the use of rockets in extending the amount of time before the collision with the central singularity is examined. In general, the use of such rockets can increase your remaining time, but only up to a maximum value; this is at odds with the ``more you struggle, the less time you have'' statement that is sometimes discussed in relation to black holes. The derived equations are simple to solve numerically and the framework can be employed as a teaching tool for general relativity.Comment: 7-pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (Journal name corrected.

GraphDelta : MPNN scoring function for the affinity prediction of protein-ligand complexes

In this work, we present graph-convolutional neural networks for the prediction of binding constants of protein-ligand complexes. We derived the model using multi task learning, where the target variables are the dissociation constant (Kd), inhibition constant (Ki), and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Being rigorously trained on the PDBbind dataset, the model achieves the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.87 and the RMSE value of 1.05 in pK units, outperforming recently developed 3D convolutional neural network model Kdeep.

Inapproximability of Maximum Diameter Clustering for Few Clusters

In the Max-k-diameter problem, we are given a set of points in a metric space, and the goal is to partition the input points into k parts such that the maximum pairwise distance between points in the same part of the partition is minimized. The approximability of the Max-k-diameter problem was studied in the eighties, culminating in the work of Feder and Greene [STOC'88], wherein they showed it is NP-hard to approximate within a factor better than 2 in the $\ell_1$ and $\ell_\infty$ metrics, and NP-hard to approximate within a factor better than 1.969 in the Euclidean metric. This complements the celebrated 2 factor polynomial time approximation algorithm for the problem in general metrics (Gonzalez [TCS'85]; Hochbaum and Shmoys [JACM'86]). Over the last couple of decades, there has been increased interest from the algorithmic community to study the approximability of various clustering objectives when the number of clusters is fixed. In this setting, the framework of coresets has yielded PTAS for most popular clustering objectives, including k-means, k-median, k-center, k-minsum, and so on. In this paper, rather surprisingly, we prove that even when k=3, the Max-k-diameter problem is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 1.5 in the $\ell_1$-metric (and Hamming metric) and NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 1.304 in the Euclidean metric. Our main conceptual contribution is the introduction of a novel framework called cloud systems which embed hypergraphs into $\ell_p$-metric spaces such that the chromatic number of the hypergraph is related to the quality of the Max-k-diameter clustering of the embedded pointset. Our main technical contributions are the constructions of nontrivial cloud systems in the Euclidean and $\ell_1$-metrics using extremal geometric structures

Use of laser microdissection for the construction of Humulus japonicus Siebold et Zuccarini, 1846 (Cannabaceae) sex chromosome-specific DNA library and cytogenetics analysis

Dioecy is relatively rare among plant species, and distinguishable sex chromosomes have been reported in few dioecious species. The multiple sex chromosome system (XX/XY1Y2) of Humulus japonicus Siebold et Zuccarini, 1846 differs from that of other members of the family Cannabaceae, in which the XX/XY chromosome system is present. Sex chromosomes of H. japonicus were isolated from meiotic chromosome spreads of males by laser microdissection with the P.A.L.M. MicroLaser system. The chromosomal DNA was directly amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). Fast fluorescence in situ hybridization (FAST-FISH) using a labeled, chromosome-specific DOP-PCR product as a probe showed preferential hybridization to sex chromosomes. In addition, the DOP-PCR product was used to construct a short-insert, H. japonicus sex chromosomes-specific DNA library. The randomly sequenced clones showed that about 12% of them have significant homology to H. lupulus and 88% to Cannabis sativa Linnaeus, 1753 sequences from GenBank database. Forty-four percent of the sequences show homology to plant retroelements. It was concluded that laser microdissection is a useful tool for isolating the DNA of sex chromosomes of H. japonicus and for the construction of chromosome-specific DNA libraries for the study of the structure and evolution of sex chromosomes. The results provide the potential for identifying unique or sex chromosome-specific sequence elements in H. japonicus and could aid in the identification of sex chromosome-specific repeat and coding regions through chromosome isolation and genome complexity reduction