Observations of a White-tailed Eagle incubating eggs of a Greylag goose

Interspecific takeovers of nests are thought to be rare in birds. A female White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla was observed incubating a nest of a Greylag Goose Anser anser with five eggs at Reinøya, Troms County, Norway in 2021. There were no signs of any killed geese in the area around the nest, and there had been no observations of interactions between the two species at the site before the eagle started incubating the eggs. The nest was discovered in the middle of May but was abandoned around midsummer. A similar case reported from the Isle of Mull, Scotland in 2017 was the first of its kind and originally believed to be unique, but the new case in Norway in 2021 suggests that interspecific nest takeover may not be as unusual as previously believed. Anser anser, Haliaeetus albicilla, interspecific nest takeover, Norway, ScotlandpublishedVersio

Home-range, movements and use of powerline poles of Eagle-Owls (Bubo bubo) at an island population in northern Norway

A dense island population of Eagle-Owls (Bubo bubo) close to the Arctic circle had suffered considerable mortality due to powerlines (electrocution and collision) throughout many decades. A study using GPS transmitter technology was carried out between 2009 and 2014. We studied home-range sizes, dispersal distances, mortality, and proposed mitigation techniques to prevent accidents. We found as expected that juvenile Eagle-Owls had larger home-ranges and moved farther than adults, but both age-groups moved much less than shown elsewhere in Europe. The probable reason for this was thought to be that this population was isolated by the surrounding sea, which might act as a barrier. The GPS data indicated that the poles of the grid were used as perching posts more than expected from a random distribution. This was explained by the lack of high trees and other elevated landscape features on these low islands. As a mitigation effort, we contributed to designing a perching-device for fitting on the poles that would prevent electrocution of the owls. This is now used by several grid-owners in coastal areas with high electrocution risk and is followed up by the National action plan for Eagle-Owl in Norway.publishedVersio

Snowy Owl nest failures caused by blackfly attacks on incubating females

Blackflies (Simuliidae) have been shown to influence birds negatively in several ways. In 2011, during a peak lemming year, we found that two of 28 nests of Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus in Northern Norway and Finland failed due to blackfly attacks on the incubating female. The observations also suggest that adult survival may be influenced by these insects. The owls’ choice of breeding habitat can be decisive in their vulnerability to blackflies.Blackflies (Simuliidae) have been shown to influence birds negatively in several ways. In 2011, during a peak lemming year, we found that two of 28 nests of Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus in Northern Norway and Finland failed due to blackfly attacks on the incubating female. The observations also suggest that adult survival may be influenced by these insects. The owls' choice of breeding habitat can be decisive in their vulnerability to blackflies

Effects of satellite transmitters on survival in Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus

The use of tracking devices to monitor birds is extensive, but the effects of such instruments on equipped individuals are still insufficiently taken into account. Here we evaluate potential effects of backpack-mounted satellite transmitters (platform terminal transmitters; PTTs) on survival of 28 Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus. Six confirmed deaths were all probably related to natural and human-induced causes. Although PTT operational time was significantly shorter than expected lifetime of Snowy Owls, five owls were observed alive after transmissions ceased. Additionally four PTTs stopped due to low battery levels, indicating end of transmitter life and not owl mortality. We found no evidence of mortality caused by PTTs, but sample sizes are relatively low and detrimental effects on equipped Snowy Owls cannot be excluded. We recommend caution when instrumenting large owls.publishedVersionNivå

Density‑dependent winter survival of immatures in an irruptive raptor with pulsed breeding

Highly mobile predators can show strong numerical responses to pulsed resources, sometimes resulting in irruptions where large numbers of young invade landscapes at a continental scale. High production of young in irruption years may have a strong influence on the population dynamics unless immature survival is reduced compared to non-irruption years. This could occur if subordinate individuals (mainly immatures) are forced into suboptimal habitats due to density-dependent effects in irruption years. To test whether irruptive individuals had lower survival than non-irruptive ones, we combined necropsy results (N = 365) with telemetry (N = 185) from more than 20 years to record timing and causes of mortality in snowy owls (Bubo scandiacus), which irrupt into eastern North America during winter following high breeding output caused by lemming peaks in the Arctic. Mortality was more than four times higher in irruption years than non-irruption years, but only for immatures, and occurred disproportionately in early winter for immatures, but not adults. Mortality was also higher in eastern North America, where owl abundance fluctuates considerably between years, compared to core winter regions of the Arctic and Prairies where populations are more stable. Most mortality was not due to starvation, but rather associated with human activity, especially vehicle collisions. We conclude that immature snowy owls that irrupt into eastern North America are limited by density-dependent factors, such as increased competition forcing individuals to occupy risky human-altered habitats. For highly mobile, irruptive animals, resource pulses may have a limited impact on population dynamics due to low subsequent survival of breeding output during the nonbreeding season.publishedVersio

PERANAN PELUKIS ADE MOELYANA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN SENI LUKIS DARI LIMBAH PELEPAH PISANG DI CIMAHI: (Kajian historis dari tahun 1969-2010)

Skripsi ini berjudul “Peranan Pelukis Ade Moelyana Dalam Mengembangkan Seni Lukis Pelepah Pisang di Cimahi Kajian Historis Tahun 1969-2010”. Permasalahan pokok yang dikaji dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana perkembangan seni lukis dari limbah pelepah pisang di Cimahi dari tahun 1969-2010 dan keterkaitannya dengan potensi ekonomi dari seni lukis pelepah pisang yang terabaikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis yang melalui empat tahap yaitu pengumpulan sumber lisan maupun sumber tertulis, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Untuk memperdalam analisis, penulis menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner melalui kajian ilmu sosial dan ilmu ekonomi dengan memakai konsep-konsep seperti interaksi sosial, distribusi, ekonomi kreatif, kewirausahaan, dll. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara. Hal ini dilakukan karena terbatasnya sumber tertulis yang mengkaji secara langsung mengenai permasalahan di atas. Berdasarkan hasil temuan di lapangan, seni lukis dari limbah pelepah pisang ini telah ada sejak tahun 1969. Seni lukis ini merupakan seni lukis yang unik karena menggunakan limbah dari pelepah pisang. Pada awal perkembangannya seni lukis ini tidak serta merta dapat diterima oleh masyarakat sekitar, dan barulah pada tahun 2002 seni lukis dari limbah pelepah pisang ini mengalami puncak perkembangan. Pasalnya seni lukis ini tidak hanya dipasarkan di Cimahi saja, melainkan sampai ke mancanegara. Seni lukis dari limbah pelepah pisang ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sektor ekonomi kreatif dan dapat dijadikan sebagai lahan lapangan pekerjaan. Banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh pelukis untuk mengembangkan seni lukis dari limbah pelepah pisang, selain itu pula pemerintah turut serta dalam mengembangkan seni lukis pelepah pisang. Kata kunci : Seni Lukis Pelepah Pisang, Ekonomi Kreatif, Pemasaran This skripsi titled Ade Moelyama role in developing the art painting of wasted banana leaves in Cimahi of historical studies from 1969 to 2010. The main issue studied in this skripsi was “How Development Art Painting of Wasted Banana Leaves in Cimahi from 1969 to 2010 and linkages with economic potential of art painting of banana leaves neglected. The method used is the historical method through four phases of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. To deepen the analysis, the author use the approach interdisciplinary through the study of social and economic by using concepts such as social interaction, distribution, creative economy, entrepreneurship, and other. A research technique used in this research is to use interview techniques. This is done because of the limited resources that examines written directly on the above problems. Based on the research results, the art painting of wasted banana leaves has existed since 1969. This painting is a painting that is unique because it uses waste form banan leaves. In the early development of art is not necessarily acceptable to the local community, and then in 2002 the art painting of wasted banana leaves is experiencing the peak development. This is because not only do marketing painting around Cimahi but abroad as well. Painting of wasted banana stalks can be used as a creative economic sector and creates jobs. Lack of awareness of the various parties to make this painting became dormant. Many attempts were made by the painter to develop the art of waste banana leaves, in addition the goverment also participated in the development the art of painting banana leaves. Keywords : Art Painting of Banana Leaves, Creative Economy, Marketin

Identification of Candida glabrata genes involved in pH modulation and modification of the phagosomal environment in macrophages

notes: PMCID: PMC4006850types: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tCandida glabrata currently ranks as the second most frequent cause of invasive candidiasis. Our previous work has shown that C. glabrata is adapted to intracellular survival in macrophages and replicates within non-acidified late endosomal-stage phagosomes. In contrast, heat killed yeasts are found in acidified matured phagosomes. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating the processes leading to inhibition of phagosome acidification and maturation. We show that phagosomes containing viable C. glabrata cells do not fuse with pre-labeled lysosomes and possess low phagosomal hydrolase activity. Inhibition of acidification occurs independent of macrophage type (human/murine), differentiation (M1-/M2-type) or activation status (vitamin D3 stimulation). We observed no differential activation of macrophage MAPK or NFκB signaling cascades downstream of pattern recognition receptors after internalization of viable compared to heat killed yeasts, but Syk activation decayed faster in macrophages containing viable yeasts. Thus, delivery of viable yeasts to non-matured phagosomes is likely not triggered by initial recognition events via MAPK or NFκB signaling, but Syk activation may be involved. Although V-ATPase is abundant in C. glabrata phagosomes, the influence of this proton pump on intracellular survival is low since blocking V-ATPase activity with bafilomycin A1 has no influence on fungal viability. Active pH modulation is one possible fungal strategy to change phagosome pH. In fact, C. glabrata is able to alkalinize its extracellular environment, when growing on amino acids as the sole carbon source in vitro. By screening a C. glabrata mutant library we identified genes important for environmental alkalinization that were further tested for their impact on phagosome pH. We found that the lack of fungal mannosyltransferases resulted in severely reduced alkalinization in vitro and in the delivery of C. glabrata to acidified phagosomes. Therefore, protein mannosylation may play a key role in alterations of phagosomal properties caused by C. glabrata.Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNational Institutes for HealthWellcome TrustBBSR

Snøugle (Bubo Scandiacus) Norge. Hekkeforekomster i perioden 1968-2005

Jacobsen, K.-0. 2005. Snøugle (Bubo scandiacus) i Norge. Hekkeforekomster i perioden 1968-2005. NINA rapport 84. 35 pp Snøugla har en sirkumpolar utbredelse og hekker på tundra i Nord-Europa, Russland, Grønland og Nord-Amerika. Til tross for fredning fra 1965 har arten gått merkbart tilbake som hekkefugl i Norge i løpet av 1900-·tallet, spesielt i Sør-Norge. Arten har blitt ansett å være sjelden som hekkefugl i Norge i de senere år, men en gjennomgang av hekkestatus for hele landet har ikke vært gjort siden slutten av 1960-tallet. Resultatene i denne rapporten viser imidlertid at snøugla er en litt mer regelmessig hekkefugl enn tidligere antatt. Innenfor tidsperioden 1968-2005 var spesielt 1974, 1978 og 1985 gode år med henholdsvis 12, 22 og 20 dokumenterte hekkinger i Norge. Snøugla er vanligst som hekkefugl i de tre nordligste fylkene, og senest i 2001 hekket det minst 8 par her. I Sør-Norge har det vært 17 hekkefunn av snøugle siden 1968. Til sammen er det kjent 105 konkrete hekkinger i perioden 1968-2005. Det er i tillegg 14 lokaliteter hvor det skal ha hekket snøugle en eller flere ganger innenfor en angitt tidsperiode. I tillegg kommer de hekkingene som nok skjer regelmessig, men som aldri blir oppdaget eller rapportert. Snøugla er en nomadisk invasjonsart som forflytter seg over store avstander, og der vandringene i stor grad er styrt av svingningene i smågnagerbestandene. Norge ligger helt i ytterkanten av snøuglas utbredelsesområde, og i slike områder er det vanlig at populasjoner er mer ustabile enn i mer sentrale deler av utbredelsesområdet. Det er flere ting som tyder på at våre invasjonsfugler kommer fra Taimyrhalvøya og videre østover i Russland. Forstyrrelse, ulovlig beskatning av egg, unger og voksne fugler vil kunne påvirke bestanden negativt lokalt for en periode. Det er imidlertid usannsynlig at omfanget av dette har vært så stort i løpet av de siste hundre årene, at dette alene har påvirket bestanden. Det er mer sannsynligvis at snøugla er blitt mer sjelden i Norge som en kombinasjon av en generell bestandsnedgang i Palearktis i løpet av 1900-·tallet, og endringer i lemendynamikken i Fennoskandia. Invasjonen i 2000 viser imidlertid at snøugla ennå kan opptre i relativt høye antall i Fennoskandia, selv om det kan gå flere tiår mellom hver hendelse. Dersom slike invasjoner sammenfaller med store smågnagerår i fjellet, vil også mange par kunne hekke her igjen. snøugle Bubo Scandiacus, ugle, fugler, sårbar fugleart, hekkestatus i Norge, snowy owl, birds, vulnerable species, breeding status in NorwaypublishedVersio

Kartlegging av naturmangfold i området Giæverbukta-Langnes, Tromsø kommune i forbindelse med ny tverrforbindelse - Tema fugl

Jacobsen, K.-O. 2018. Kartlegging av naturmangfold i området Giæverbukta-Langnes, Tromsø kommune i forbindelse med ny tverrforbindelse. Tema fugl. NINA Rapport 1565. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. NINA fikk oppdrag fra Statens Vegvesen om å sammenstille eksisterende kunnskap om fuglelivet i området Giæverbukta-Langneset på Tromsøya, Tromsø kommune. I tillegg skulle det gjennomføres supplerende registreringer. Bakgrunnen var at det planlegges nye veier og utfyllinger her, samt forlengelse av rullebanen på Tromsø lufthavn. Denne rapporten bekrefter at strekningen fra Langneset til Giæverbukta uten tvil fortsatt er et viktig område for fugleliv, og da særlig vade- og andefugler. Området har ulike funksjoner gjennom året for de ulike artene. Et svært høyt antall observerte arter med mange rødliste- og ansvarsarter tilsier at verdien på området må settes til Stor. Foruten en overvintringsplass for stokkender som sannsynligvis går tapt, vil ikke de viktigste områdene for fuglelivet i planområdet bli mye berørt av de planlagte utbyggingene. Omfanget vurderes samlet som Middels til Stort negativt, som igjen gir en Middels til Stor negativ konsekvens. Ingen tiltak vil kunne ha avbøtende effekt

Vurdering av konsekvensene for fugl i Giæverbukta i Tromsø med skissert VAO løsning

Jacobsen, K.-O. 2022. Vurdering av konsekvensene for fugl i Giæverbukta i Tromsø med skissert VAO løsning. NINA Rapport 2145. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Statens vegvesen (SSV) jobber med reguleringsplan E8 Flyplasstunellen i Tromsø som blant annet innebærer tunnel fra Breivika til Giæverbukta, og ønsker i denne forbindelse en vurdering knyttet til foreslått løsning for VAO (Vann, avløp og overvann) i Giæverbukta. Den planlagte VAO-løsningen til SSV innebærer at man legger første delen av de to utløpsbekkene i Giæverbukta i rør. Vannet vil bli ført videre i en kanal til sjøen, men blir også fylt opp av saltvann/brakkvann ved flo. Det vurderes om kanalen skal være åpen eller lukket. Resten av den indre delen av Giæverbukta vil så bli fylt ut med stein- og jordmasser. Giæverbukta er i dag et område som blir brukt av mange fugler gjennom ulike deler av året. Området har imidlertid størst betydning for opptil 200 stokkender som overvintrer innerst i bukta. I forhold til de nye veiplanene og en mulig utvidelse av rullebanen, er det med hensyn til flysikkerhet ønskelig at Giæverbukta blir lite attraktiv for fugler i fremtiden. I dag flyr eller svømmer stokkendene inn og ut av Giæverbukta langs vannspeilet/fjæra. De er i stand til å lette med bratt oppstigning, i likhet med andre gressender. Dersom man bygger ut vei og rullebane som planlagt, men ikke gjør noen tiltak i forhold til fuglene, er det sannsynlig at fuglene som i dag oppholder seg innerst i Giæverbukta vil kunne velge å krysse rullebanen på vei inn og ut av området. Dette siden den nye veien som skal krysse ytterst i Giæverbukta vil kunne fungere som en ny barriere. Uten noen tiltak vil de planlagte utbyggingene derfor kunne medføre økt fare for birdstrikes ved lufthavnen. Hvis man legger bekkene i rør, etablerer en kanal til sjøen, og fyller på med stein- og jordmasser vil det medføre at det mye brukte overvintringsområdet for opptil 200 stokkendene innerst i Giæverbukta forsvinner. I tillegg vil kanalområdet bli mindre attraktivt for andre fuglearter, avhengig av hvilken løsning som velges. Det er en del usikkerhet om hvilke tiltak som er tilstrekkelig for å fjerne fuglene, og spesielt stokkendene. Siden det er noen år fram i tid for når man setter i gang med veibyggingen, foreslår vi at man prioriterer å legge den innerste bekken i rør, fyller igjen området med stein- og jordmasser, og fjerner skogen rundt. I tillegg bør man stoppe tilførsel av kloakk fra utløpene fra Jekta/K1. Man bør så følge opp med et 3-årig overvåkingsprogram for å dokumentere effektene fra tiltakene på fuglelivet her. Hvis fuglene bare har flyttet litt lengre ut i bukta, bør man vurdere å gjennomføre ytterligere tiltak som etablering av kanal. Dersom stokkendene blir tvunget vekk fra Giæverbukta på vinteren, vil de nok ta i bruk alternative lokaliteter. Vi tror derfor ikke at stokkandbestanden i Tromsøområdet vil bli negativt påvirket av at en overvintringslokalitet forsvinner, da det finnes alternative lokaliteter som tilfredsstiller artens behov.Jacobsen, K.-O. 2022. Assessment of the consequences for birds in Giæverbukta in Tromsø with the outlined VAO solution. NINA Report 2145. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (SSV) is working on zoning plan E8 The airport tunnel in Tromsø, which includes a tunnel from Breivika to Giæverbukta, and in this connection wants an assessment related to the proposed solution for VAO (Water, drainage and surface water) in Giæverbukta. The planned VAO solution for SSV involves laying the first part of the two outlet streams in Giæverbukta in pipes. The water will be carried further in a channel to the sea, but will also be filled up with salt water / brackish water at high tide. It is considered whether the channel should be open or closed. The rest of the inner part of Giæverbukta will then be filled with rock and soil masses. Giæverbukta is today an area that is used by many birds throughout different parts of the year. However, the area is most important for up to 200 Mallards that overwinter in the inner part of the bay. In relation to the new road plans and a possible expansion of the runway, it is desirable with regard to flight safety that Giæverbukta will be unattractive to birds in the future. Today, the Mallards fly or swim in and out of Giæverbukta along the water surface / shore. They are able to ease with steep ascents, like other dabbling ducks. If the road and runway are expanded as planned, but no measures are taken in relation to the birds, it is likely that the birds that currently live in the innermost part of Giæverbukta will be able to choose to cross the runway on their way in and out of the area. This is because the new road that will cross the outermost part of Giæverbukta will be a new barrier. Without any measures, the planned developments could therefore lead to an increased risk of bird strikes at the airport. If you lay the streams in pipes, establish a channel to the sea, and fill in with rock and soil masses, it will mean that the much-used overwintering area for up to 200 Mallards in the innermost part of Giæverbukta disappears. In addition, the channel area will be less attractive to other bird species, depending on which solution is chosen. There is some uncertainty about what measures are sufficient to remove the birds, and especially the Mallards. Since it is a few years ahead of time when starting road construction, we suggest that they prioritize laying the innermost stream in pipes, filling the area around with rock and soil masses, and removing the surrounding forest. In addition, the supply of sewage from the outlets from Jekta / K1 should be stopped. One should then follow up with a 3-year monitoring program to document the effects of the measures on birdlife here. If the birds have only moved a little further out into the bay, further measures such as establishing a channel should be considered. If the Mallards are forced away from Giæverbukta in the winter, they will probably use alternative locations. We therefore do not believe that the Mallard population in the Tromsø area will be negatively affected by the disappearance of an overwintering locality, as there are alternative localities that satisfy the species' needs