108 research outputs found

    Paris (5e) – LycĂ©e Henri-IV

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    Deux sondages, en complĂ©ment de celui rĂ©alisĂ© par Michel Petit (SRA) en 1996, ont Ă©tĂ© faits dans la « chapelle de la MisĂ©ricorde », piĂšce composant actuellement le rez-de-chaussĂ©e de l’aile sud de la cour d’entrĂ©e du LycĂ©e Henri-IV. L’analyse architecturale des murs ouest et est, d’une part, les vestiges conservĂ©s en sous-sol des piĂšces situĂ©es de l’autre cĂŽtĂ© d’un passage contigu Ă©tabli au dĂ©but du xviiie s., d’autre part, montrent qu’à l’origine, la « chapelle » englobait ce dernier Ă  l’oue..

    Arcueil – 10 rue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier

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    Un diagnostic archĂ©ologique a eu lieu Ă  l’emplacement des laboratoires de la sociĂ©tĂ© lnnothera du 18 mai au 7 juin 1998. ImplantĂ© Ă  une soixantaine de mĂštres de la rive droite de la BiĂšvre canalisĂ©e, le site a Ă©tĂ© sondĂ© en trois tranchĂ©es dont la localisation fut imposĂ©e par l’existence d’un bĂątiment encore en Ă©lĂ©vation. Les trois tranchĂ©es ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un mobilier cĂ©ramique Bas-Empire et haut Moyen Âge, au sein de niveaux qui ne semblent pas perturbĂ©s. Parmi les structures dĂ©couvertes, signalo..

    Intégration de fonctions topologiques du paysage dans le calcul des distances-coût

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    ACLInternational audienceDistance is a basic concept in the issue of animal species motion. Cost distances are more and more used, in order to measure a realistic distance, by means of resistance values given for each landscape types. Here, we propose a method to compute resistance values by using 'topological functions of landscape', i. e. by taking account of proximity to habitat/ non habitat edges. We used a data set concerning the spreading of the fossorial water vole outbreak in the Franche-Comté region, and we tested several functions. The results show that statistical correlations clearly increase in comparison with usual cost-distances.La distance est une notion fondamentale dans les problématiques de déplacement des espÚces animales. Pour représenter des distances de façon plus réaliste, les distances-coût sont de plus en plus utilisées à partir de valeurs de résistance affectées aux catégories de paysage. Nous proposons une méthode pour calculer les résistances en tenant compte de la proximité aux lisiÚres entre habitat et non habitat, sous l'expression de " fonction topologique du paysage ". AprÚs la présentation des données d'application concernant la propagation des pullulations de campagnols terrestre en Franche-Comté, plusieurs fonctions sont proposées. Les résultats montrent une corrélation nettement améliorée par rapport aux distances-coût usuelles

    Hydraulique monastique en Bourgogne, Champagne et Franche-Comté

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    Les recherches sur l’hydraulique cistercienne se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans les trois rĂ©gions, fondĂ©es Ă  la fois sur les textes, en particulier les cartulaires, mais aussi quand la chose Ă©tait possible, sur les registres de comptes, les cartes et plans d’époque moderne et les investigations sur le terrain. Deux approches diffĂ©rentes ont Ă©tĂ© suivies pour Ă©tudier les sites hydrauliques cisterciens. Tout d’abord, pour la Bourgogne et la Champagne, Ă  l’inventaire des sites monastiques a Ă©tĂ© ajoutĂ© une..

    Modeling spatiotemporal dynamics of outbreaking species: influence of environment and migration in a locust

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    Many pest species exhibit huge fluctuations in population abundance. Understanding their large-scale and long-term dynamics is necessary to develop effective control and management strategies. Occupancy models represent a promising approach to unravel interactions between environmental factors and spatiotemporal dynamics of outbreaking populations. Here, we investigated population dynamics of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, using density data collected between 1988 and 2010 by the Australian Plague Locust Commission over more than 3 million km2 in eastern Australia. We applied multistate and autologistic multi-season occupancy models to test competing hypotheses about environmental and demographic processes affecting the large-scale dynamics of the Australian plague locust. We found that rainfall and land cover predictors best explained the spatial variability in outbreak probability across eastern Australia. Outbreaks are more likely to occur in temperate than tropical regions, with a faster and more continuous response to rainfall in desert than in agricultural areas. Our results also support the hypothesis that migration tends to propagate outbreaks only locally (over distances lower than 400 km) rather than across climatic regions. Our study suggests that locust outbreak forecasting and management systems could be improved by implementing key environmental factors and migration in hierarchical spatial models. Finally, our modeling framework can be seen as a step towards bridging the gap between mechanistic and more phenomenological models in the spatial analysis of fluctuating populations

    Massive Nest-Box Supplementation Boosts Fecundity, Survival and Even Immigration without Altering Mating and Reproductive Behaviour in a Rapidly Recovered Bird Population

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    Habitat restoration measures may result in artificially high breeding density, for instance when nest-boxes saturate the environment, which can negatively impact species' demography. Potential risks include changes in mating and reproductive behaviour such as increased extra-pair paternity, conspecific brood parasitism, and polygyny. Under particular cicumstances, these mechanisms may disrupt reproduction, with populations dragged into an extinction vortex. With the use of nuclear microsatellite markers, we investigated the occurrence of these potentially negative effects in a recovered population of a rare secondary cavity-nesting farmland bird of Central Europe, the hoopoe (Upupa epops). High intensity farming in the study area has resulted in a total eradication of cavity trees, depriving hoopoes from breeding sites. An intensive nest-box campaign rectified this problem, resulting in a spectacular population recovery within a few years only. There was some concern, however, that the new, high artificially-induced breeding density might alter hoopoe mating and reproductive behaviour. As the species underwent a serious demographic bottleneck in the 1970–1990s, we also used the microsatellite markers to reconstitute the demo-genetic history of the population, looking in particular for signs of genetic erosion. We found i) a low occurrence of extra-pair paternity, polygyny and conspecific brood parasitism, ii) a high level of neutral genetic diversity (mean number of alleles and expected heterozygosity per locus: 13.8 and 83%, respectively) and, iii) evidence for genetic connectivity through recent immigration of individuals from well differentiated populations. The recent increase in breeding density did thus not induce so far any noticeable detrimental changes in mating and reproductive behaviour. The demographic bottleneck undergone by the population in the 1970s-1990s was furthermore not accompanied by any significant drop in neutral genetic diversity. Finally, genetic data converged with a concomitant demographic study to evidence that immigration strongly contributed to local population recovery

    Amiens. La galerie de défense du boulevard François I<sup>er</sup>

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    National audiencePĂ©riodes particuliĂšrement fĂ©condes pour l’évolution de la typologie des ouvrages dĂ©fensifs, la fin du Moyen Âge et le dĂ©but de la Renaissance ont largement contribuĂ© Ă  la modernisation des enceintes urbaines. Les fouilles rĂ©centes menĂ©es dans le quartier de la citadelle, au nord de la ville mĂ©diĂ©vale, ont permis d’en apprendre davantage sur le systĂšme de dĂ©fense mis en place Ă  Amiens au dĂ©but du XVIe siĂšcle, notamment autour de la porte de Montrescu
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