Biotransformation of caffeoyl quinic acids from green coffee extracts by Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Nicole Page-Zoerkler and Olivier Mauroux for their technical assistant. We thank David Pridmore and Kimo Makkinen for critical reading of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Combining in situ measurements and altimetry to estimate volume

From 1994 to 2011, instruments measuring ocean currents (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers; ADCPs) have been moored on a section crossing the Faroe–Shetland Channel. Together with CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) measurements from regular research vessel occupations, they describe the flow field and water mass structure in the channel. Here, we use these data to calculate the average volume transport and properties of the flow of warm water through the channel from the Atlantic towards the Arctic, termed the Atlantic inflow. We find the average volume transport of this flow to be 2.7 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s–1) between the shelf edge on the Faroe side and the 150 m isobath on the Shetland side. The average heat transport (relative to 0 °C) was estimated to be 107 ± 21 TW (1 TW = 1012 W) and the average salt import to be 98 ± 20 × 106 kg s−1. Transport values for individual months, based on the ADCP data, include a large level of variability, but can be used to calibrate sea level height data from satellite altimetry. In this way, a time series of volume transport has been generated back to the beginning of satellite altimetry in December 1992. The Atlantic inflow has a seasonal variation in volume transport that peaks around the turn of the year and has an amplitude of 0.7 Sv. The Atlantic inflow has become warmer and more saline since 1994, but no equivalent trend in volume transport was observed

Tibio- ja patellofemoraalse osteoartriidi erijooni 34–54aastastel isikutel

Osteoartriit (OA), sünonüümina ka osteoartroos, ja tema erinevad aspektid on olnud viimasel aastakümnel intensiivsete uuringute objektiks. Selle tulemusena on ümber hinnatud osteoartriidi käsitlus, samuti on kasutusele võetud uusi diagnoosimise meetodeid ning täpsustatud diagnostilisi kriteeriume (1, 2)

LTE or non-LTE, that is the question

Strontium has proven itself to be one of the most important neutron-capture elements in the study of metal-poor stars. Thanks to the strong absorption lines of Sr, they can be detected even in the most metal-poor stars and also in low-resolution spectra. However, we still cannot explain the large star-to-star abundance scatter we derive for metal-poor stars. Here we contrast Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) with improved abundances for SrI+II including updated atomic data, to evaluate possible explanations for the large star-to-star scatter at low metallicities. We derive abundances under both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE (NLTE) for stars spanning a large interval of stellar parameters. Gravities and metallicities are also determined in NLTE. We confirm that the ionisation equilibrium between SrI and SrII is satisfied under NLTE but not LTE, where the difference between SrI and SrII is on average ~0.3dex. We show that the NLTE corrections are of increasing importance as the metallicity decreases. For the stars with [Fe/H]>-3 the SrI NLTE correction is ~0.35/0.55dex in dwarfs/giants, while the Sr II NLTE correction is +/-0.05dex. On the basis of the large NLTE corrections, SrI should not be applied as a chemical tracer under LTE, while it is a good tracer under NLTE. SrII is a good tracer under both LTE and NLTE (down to [Fe/H]\sim -3), and LTE is a safe assumption for this majority species. However, the Sr abundance from SrII lines is dependent on an accurate surface gravity determination, which can be obtained from NLTE spectroscopy of Fe lines or from parallax measurements. We could not explain the star-to-star scatter (which remains under both LTE and NLTE) by the use of the GCE model, since the Sr yields to date are too uncertain to draw firm conclusions. At least two production sites seem necessary in order to account for this large scatter (abridged).Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures and one online table (accepted by A&A

Being and becoming ‘a frail older adult’: Meaning-making and resistance through storytelling

By inquiring into older adults' narrations about their lives in the present, past, and future, this study aims to learn more about home-dwelling older adults' lived experiences of being and becoming “frail”. This article is based on a dialogical narrative analysis of interviews with three home-dwelling older adults identified as frail by the home care services. We conducted a series of three interviews with each participant over a period of eight months. Our results demonstrate that while some older adults experience frailty as inevitable and irreversible, others experience it as a transition. Some narrated frailty as a comprehensive experience, while others' narratives were more situational and transitional. Being able to live at home was crucial and moving to a nursing home was associated with the risk of becoming frailer and the loss of valued relations to family and their home. Experiences of frailty were framed and shaped by the past, present, and future. Faith, fate, and previous capacities to overcome adversities were crucial in the older adults' narrations. Older adults' stories provide an opening to diverse and changing experiences of living with frailty. By telling stories about the past, present, and future, older adults can maintain identity, a sense of belonging, and balance in the midst of adversities. By engaging with older adults' stories, health and care professionals can support the older adult in the ongoing process of being and becoming ‘a frail older adult’