Comparison of the formulations for a hub-and-spoke network design problem under congestion

In this paper, we study the hub location problem with a power-law congestion cost and propose an exact solution approach. We formulate this problem in a conic quadratic form and use a strengthening method which rests on valid inequalities of perspective cuts in mixed integer nonlinear programming. In a numerical study, we compare two well known types of mathematical modeling in the hub-location problems which are solved with different branch and cut strategies. The strength and weakness of the formulations are summarized based on an extensive numerical study over the CAB data set

2-{[(4-{[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}butyl)imino](phenyl) methyl}phenol.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C 30H 28N 2O 2, comprises half of a potential tetra-dentate Schiff base ligand; an inversion centre is situtated at the center of the butane-diamine spacer. The central methylene segment of the diamine spacer is disordered over two positions with a refined siteoccupancy ratio of 0.651 (7):0.349 (7). The phenyl ring and the hydroxysubstituted benzene ring are almost perpendicular to each other, with a dihedral angle of 87.90 (8) Å. intramolecular O - H⋯N hydrogen bonds make S(6) ring motifs

4-Bromo-2-[(E)-(2-{2-[(2-{[(E)-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)sulfanyl]ethylsulfanyl}phenyl)iminomethyl]phe-nol.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C28H22Br2N2O2S2, comprises half of a Schiff base ligand, the whole mol­ecule being generated by a crystallographic inversion center located at the mid-point of the C—C bond of the central methyl­ene segment. Intra­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds make S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal, there are no significant inter­molecular inter­actions

Locally univalent approximations of analytic functions

In the present paper, we introduce a measure of the non-univalency of an analytic function, and we use it in order to find the best approximation of analytic function by a locally univalent normalized analytic function.</p

A review of the impact of commercial drug advertising on the emergence of self-medication phenomenon

Introduction: Today, the phenomenon of commercial advertising is not a simple information tool to link consumer to producers. The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly influenced by commercial advertising. Self-medication may be one of the major consequences of drug advertising.Methodology: This review article was conducted through reviewing 100 articles and 12 books, derived from valid libraries and electronic sources.Findings: Besides the drugs prescribed by physicians, patients also go to pharmacies directly and provide and take different drugs based on their own [often false] diagnosis to prevent their diseases or to treat or strengthen themselves and this is due to the inappropriate culture induced by drug advertising. On the other hand, commercial advertising has changed the culture of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and has increased their use. One of the major strategies used in satellite TV advertising is promotion of the culture of disease among public and in some cases, the information and statistics given by these channels have no scientific and official base. Discussion and conclusion: Numerous studies indicate that due to the drug advertising, some common and non-medical symptoms are considered as disease. Considering the lack of awareness of people about the nature of their diseases, further expansion of these ads will certainly result in medication misuse, induction of false need and the prevalence of smuggled, unhealthy and fake drugs among public. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this phenomenon in Iranian society to identify its unknown dimensions in accordance with today’s Iranian culture and to make effective efforts to promote educations and to build a proper culture.Keywords: commercial advertising, drug advertising, self-medicatio