Pteridophyte fungal associations : current knowledge and future perspectives

Current understanding of the nature and function of fungal associations in pteridophytes is surprisingly patchy given their key evolutionary position, current research foci on other early‐branching plant clades, and major efforts at unravelling mycorrhizal evolution and the mechanisms underlying this key interaction between plants and fungi. Here we provide a critical review of current knowledge of fungal associations across pteridophytes and consider future directions making recommendations along the way. From a comprehensive survey of the literature, a confused picture emerges: suggestions that members of the Lycopsida harbour Basidiomycota fungi contrast sharply with extensive cytological and recent molecular evidence pointing to exclusively Glomeromycota and/or Mucoromycotina associations in this group. Similarly, reports of dark septate, assumingly ascomycetous, hyphae in a range of pteridophytes, advocating a mutualistic relationship, are not backed by functional evidence and the fact that the fungus invariably occupies dead host tissue points to saprotrophy and not mutualism. The best conclusion that can be reached based on current evidence is that the fungal symbionts of pteridophytes belong to the two fungal lineages Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota. Do symbiotic fungi and host pteridophytes engage in mutually beneficial partnerships? To date, only two pioneering studies have addressed this key question demonstrating reciprocal exchange of nutrients between the sporophytes of Ophioglossum vulgatum and Osmunda regalis and their fungal symbionts. There is a pressing need for more functional investigations also extending to the gametophyte generation and coupled with in vitro isolation and resynthesis studies to unravel the effect of the fungi on their host

Lieder und Gesänge für eine Singstimme mit Pianofortebegleitung / M. Moussorgsky. Nr. 11 - 21 (aus dem Nachlasse) Bearb. von N. A. Rimsky-Korsakow. Nr. 22 - 30 (aus dem Nachlasse) Beab. von W. A. Karatygin

LIEDER UND GESÄNGE FÜR EINE SINGSTIMME MIT PIANOFORTEBEGLEITUNG / M. MOUSSORGSKY. NR. 11 - 21 (AUS DEM NACHLASSE) BEARB. VON N. A. RIMSKY-KORSAKOW. NR. 22 - 30 (AUS DEM NACHLASSE) BEAB. VON W. A. KARATYGIN Lieder und Gesänge für eine Singstimme mit Pianofortebegleitung / M. Moussorgsky. Nr. 11 - 21 (aus dem Nachlasse) Bearb. von N. A. Rimsky-Korsakow. Nr. 22 - 30 (aus dem Nachlasse) Beab. von W. A. Karatygin Chant de Méphistophélès dans la cave d'Auerbach tiré du "Faust" de Goethe = Lied des Mephistopheles in Auerbachs Keller aus Goethes "Faust" = Song of Mephistopheles in Auerbach's Cellar from Goethe's "Faust" / Version française de M. D. Calvocoressi. Deutsch von A. Bernahrd. English translation by Rosa Newmarch (19

Neponi︠a︡tnai︠a︡. Polyglot

3 p. 34 cm. In binder's collection

Gde tï, zvezdochka. German & Russian

3 p. 34 cm. In binder's collection

Di︠e︡tskīi︠a︡ pi︠e︡sni dli︠a︡ vzroslych

2 v. in 1. 35 cm

Sorochinskai︠a︡ i︠a︡rmarka. Polyglot St︠s︡ena Kuma i Cherevika. Vocal score.

For voices & piano; Russian, German and French words

Chant de Méphistophélès dans la cave d'Auerbach tiré du "Faust" de Goethe = Lied des Mephistopheles in Auerbachs Keller aus Goethes "Faust" = Song of Mephistopheles in Auerbach's Cellar from Goethe's "Faust" / Version française de M. D. Calvocoressi. Deutsch von A. Bernahrd. English translation by Rosa Newmarch

CHANT DE MÉPHISTOPHÉLÈS DANS LA CAVE D'AUERBACH TIRÉ DU "FAUST" DE GOETHE = LIED DES MEPHISTOPHELES IN AUERBACHS KELLER AUS GOETHES "FAUST" = SONG OF MEPHISTOPHELES IN AUERBACH'S CELLAR FROM GOETHE'S "FAUST" / VERSION FRANÇAISE DE M. D. CALVOCORESSI. DEUTSCH VON A. BERNAHRD. ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY ROSA NEWMARCH Lieder und Gesänge für eine Singstimme mit Pianofortebegleitung / M. Moussorgsky. Nr. 11 - 21 (aus dem Nachlasse) Bearb. von N. A. Rimsky-Korsakow. Nr. 22 - 30 (aus dem Nachlasse) Beab. von W. A. Karatygin (-) Chant de Méphistophélès dans la cave d'Auerbach tiré du "Faust" de Goethe = Lied des Mephistopheles in Auerbachs Keller aus Goethes "Faust" = Song of Mephistopheles in Auerbach's Cellar from Goethe's "Faust" / Version française de M. D. Calvocoressi. Deutsch von A. Bernahrd. English translation by Rosa Newmarch (19) (3) Einband (3) Titelseite (4) Chant de Méphistophélès dans la cave d'Auerbach tiré du "Faust" de Goethe (5