Interactions of monetary and macroprudential policies in a model of the Korean economy

노트 : Beiträge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik 2013: Wettbewerbspolitik und Regulierung in einer globalen Wirtschaftsordnung - Session: Financial Stability, No. G02-V

Improvement of effect of water-in-oil microemulsion as an oral delivery system for fexofenadine: in vitro and in vivo studies

Fexofenadine (FEX) has high solubility and low permeability (BCS, Class III). In this work, novel FEX loaded water in oil microemulsion (w/o) was designed to improve bioavailability and compared with Fexofen® syrup in in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters in permeability studies were estimated by using WinNonLin software program. w/o microemulsion system was optimized using a pseudoternary phase diagram, composed of span 80/lutrol F 68 (9.5:0.5 w/w), oleic acide, isopropyl alcohol and water as surfactant mixture; oil and cosurfactant was developed for oral drug delivery. w/o microemulsion systems were characterized by phase behavior, particle size, viscosity and solubilization capacity. In vitro studies were studied using Caco-2 cell monolayer. Pharmacokinetic parameters of w/o microemulsion were investigated in rabbits and compared to Fexofen® syrup. Fexofen® syrup and microemulsion were administered by oral gavage at 6 mg/kg of the same concentration. The experimental results indicated that microemulsion (HLB = 5.53) formed nanometer sized droplets (33.29 ± 1.76) and had good physical stability. This microemulsion increased the oral bioavailability of FEX which was highly water-soluble but fairly impermeable. The relative bioavailability of FEX microemulsion was about 376.76% compared with commercial syrup in rabbits. In vitro experiments were further employed for the enhanced effect of the microemulsion for FEX. These results suggest that novel w/o microemulsion plays an important role in enhancing oral bioavailability of low permeability drugs

EXAMINATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RESILIENCE BELIEFS OF IN-SERVICE AND PRE-SERVICE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHERS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES

Occupational resilience contributes teachers to adapt difficult conditions of teaching, to deal with obstacles and to maintain professional commitment. The purpose of this research is to compare the occupational resilience beliefs of early childhood education teachers and pre-service teachers. In accordance with this purpose, whether there is a significant difference between the occupational resilience beliefs of teachers and pre-service teachers, whether there is a significant difference in the occupational resilience beliefs of teachers according to their seniority and whether there is a significant difference in the occupational resilience beliefs of pre-service teachers according to type of university, the relational screening model has been used. The data is collected from 275 participants via Occupational Resilience Beliefs Scale for Teacher Candidates. As the results of statistical analysis, there is a significant difference in the occupational resilience beliefs of early childhood education teachers and pre-service early childhood education teachers in favor of early childhood education teachers. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in the occupational resilience beliefs of teachers according to their seniority. There is no significant difference in the occupational resilience beliefs of pre-service teachers according to the type of university. The findings are discussed in the framework of the relevant literature

19.yüzyılda Avrupa ve Ortadoğu'da kadın kimliği analizi:Gertrude Bell örneği

Günümüzde Ortadoğu’da yaşanan çalkantılı süreç, bölgenin tarihine ilgiyi artırmış, I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında İngiltere’nin Ortadoğu politikasında kurucu ve planlayıcı rol üstenen, tarihçi, arkeolog Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. “19.Yüzyılda Avrupa ve Ortadoğu’da Kadın Kimliği Analizi: Gertrude Bell Örneği” isimli bu çalışmada, Büyük Britanya İmparatorluğu’nun muhafazakâr Victoria döneminde yetişen Gertrude Bell’in Ortadoğu bedeviliği ve erkek egemen bir dünyada kadın olarak var olma mücadelesi değerlendirilecektir. Bell’in günümüz Irak sınırlarını çizmeye kadar uzanan sıra dışı yaşam öyküsü, toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında incelenerek kadın kimliği analizi yapılacaktır. Bu çalışmada, tüm seyahatlerini ve görüşlerini yazılı hale getiren Gertrude Bell’in, İngiltere New Castle Üniversitesi bünyesindeki Robinson Kütüphanesi’nde arşivlenen günceleri, mektupları ve kitapları ışığında birincil kaynaklar analiz edilerek nitel olarak değerlendirilecektir. Birincil kaynakların çalışmaya özgün bir nitelik kazandırması ve konunun farklı bir perspektiften ele alınarak tarih ve sosyoloji literatürüne katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır.İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ....................................................................................................................................... İ ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... İİ ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................................. İİİ GÖRSELLER DİZİNİ ........................................................................................................ Vİ EKLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................ Vİİİ GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................. 6 1.TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET VE KADIN ........................................................................... 6 1.1.CİNSİYET VE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ............................................................................... 6 1.1.1. Cinsiyet Nedir? ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1.2.Cinsiyet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Sarmalı ................................................................ 6 1.2. 19. YÜZYILDA KADIN .................................................................................................. 12 1.2.1. Avrupa’da Kadın Olmak ...................................................................................... 14 1.2.2. Ortadoğu’da Kadın Olmak ................................................................................... 18 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................. 22 2. GERTRUDE MARGARET LOWTHIAN BELL ........................................................ 23 2.1 İLKYILLAR .................................................................................................................. 23 2.2. DOĞU’ YA İLK ADIMLAR ............................................................................................. 29 2.3. BÜYÜK ANADOLU SEYAHATİ ...................................................................................... 37 2.4. DOĞU’YA DÖNÜŞ ......................................................................................................... 42 2.5. I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI VE ARAP BÜRO GÖREVİ .................................................................. 46 2.6. IRAK DOĞU SEKRETERLİĞİ GÖREVİ ............................................................................. 50 2.7. HAYATA VEDA ............................................................................................................ 61 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ............................................................................................................. 66 3. GERTRUDE BELL VE KADIN KİMLİĞİ ................................................................. 66 3.1. ÜVEY ANNE SORUNSALI .............................................................................................. 66 v 3.2. HEMCİNS DÜŞMANLIĞI ................................................................................................ 71 3.3. ANTİ SÜFRAJET ÇELİŞKİSİ ............................................................................................ 74 3.4. TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ROLLERİ BASKISI ..................................................................... 78 3.5. “HATUN” OLMA YOLU ................................................................................................. 82 3.6. SÖMÜRGEDE SÖMÜREN ................................................................................................ 85 3.7. ANTİ SÜFRAJET KİMLİĞİNDEN KOPUŞ ......................................................................... 87 3.8. İNGİLİZ KADINI GÖZÜNDEN ORTADOĞU KADINI ......................................................... 90 TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ .................................................................................................... 94 KAYNAKLAR ..................................................................................................................... 96 EKLER ............................................................................................................................... 102 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ....................................................................................................................... 10

Vibrational relaxation as the driving force for wavelength conversion in the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein

Abstract We present a computationally derived energy transfer model for the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP), which invokes vibrational relaxation in the two lowest singlet excited states rather than internal conversion between them. The model allows an understanding of the photoinduced processes without assuming further electronic states or a dependence of the 2Ag state character on the vibrational sub-state. We report molecular dynamics simulations (CHARMM22 force field) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations on PCP. In the latter, the QM region containing a single peridinin (Per) chromophore or a Per-Chl a (chlorophyll a) pair is treated by density functional theory (DFT, CAM-B3LYP) for geometries and by DFT-based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) for excitation energies. The calculations show that Per has a bright, green light absorbing 2Ag state, in addition to the blue light absorbing 1Bu state found in other carotenoids. Both states undergo a strong energy lowering upon relaxation, leading to emission in the red, while absorbing in the blue or green. The orientation of their transition dipole moments indicates that both states are capable of excited-state energy transfer to Chl a, without preference for either 1Bu or 2Ag as donor state. We propose that the commonly postulated partial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character of a donating Per state can be assigned to the relaxed 1Bu state, which takes on ICT character. By assuming that both 1Bu and 2Ag are able to donate to the Chl a Q band, one can explain why different chlorophyll species in PCP exhibit different acceptor capabilities.PostprintPeer reviewe

Multiple endobronchial lipomas which were treated by bronchoscopical resection

SummaryBronchial benign tumors are very rare; however, endobronchial lipomas are responsible for 0.1–0.5% of all lung tumors (1,2). Clinical symptoms depend on the severity of bronchial obstruction and the effects on parenchyma. It is more common in men and more frequently observed in the right bronchial system (3). We present a 76-year-old woman with two separate endobronchial lipomas in the upper lobe and intermediary bronchi, who applied with cough and sputum. The patient was successfully treated with electrocautery snare technique. After this procedure, thorax CT showed bronchiectasis of right lower zone. Thoracotomy was not taken into consideration. After 2-year follow-up the patient has no complaint

Photophysics of Flavin Derivatives Absorbing in the Blue-Green Region: Thioflavins As Potential Cofactors of Photoswitches

The purpose of this study was to find flavin derivatives with absorption maxima in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum that might be used as alternative cofactors in blue-light photoreceptors. To this end, the vertical absorption spectra of eight lumiflavin-related compounds were calculated by means of quantum chemical methods. The compounds differ from lumiflavin by the subsitution of an S atom for an O atom at the 2- and/or 4-positions of the isoalloxazine core, the substitution of an N atom for a CH group in the 6- and/or 9-positions, or an extension of the π system at the 7- and 8-positions. For the three most promising compounds, 2-thio-lumiflavin, 4-thio-lumiflavin, and 2,4-dithio-lumiflavin, the quantum chemical investigations were extended to include geometry relaxations in the excited states, rates for spin-forbidden transitions and an estimate of spectral shifts brought about by polar protic environments. We find these thiocarbonyl compounds to have very promising excited-state properties. They absorb in the blue-green wavelength regime around 500 nm, i.e., substantially red-shifted with respect to lumiflavin that is the cofactor of natural blue-light photoreceptors. Their triplet quantum yields are predicted to be close to unity while their triplet lifetimes are long enough to enable bimolecular photochemical reactions. The combination of these properties makes the thioflavins potentially suitable candidates as cofactors in biomimetic photoswitches

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EN UYGUN OTOMOBİL SEÇİMİ PROBLEMİ İÇİN BİR BULANIK PROMETHEE YÖNTEMİ UYGULAMASI

Birçok ekonomik, endüstriyel, finansal karar problemleri çok kriterlidir. Bu tür problemlerde alternatiflerin arasından optimal seçimi yapmak oldukça zor ve karmaşık bir işlemdir. Son yıllarda bu tür problemleri çözmek amacıyla farklı yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden en verimli ve en kolay kullanılır olan Promethee, gerçek sayılarla ifade edilebilen kriterleri içeren problemlerle uğraşır.Fakat günlük hayatta dilsel olarak ifade edilebilen kriterler de vardır ve bunların sayısal olarak modellenmesi oldukça zordur. Bu yüzden, Promethee yöntemi ise kesin olmayan, dilsel olarak ifade edilen bu kriterler için eksik kalmaktadır. Bu eksikliği gidermek için, bulanık küme yaklaşımı kullanılabilir. Bulanık girdiler kullanılarak genişletilen Promethee yöntemi, aynı sınıftan yedi farklı otomobil seçimi için fiyat, yakıt, performans ve güvenlik kriterleri kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların tutarlı ve uygun olduğu görülmüştür