Evaluation of case series of delayed tularaemia

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Clinical suspicion is extremely important and serology is the gold standard for diagnosis. The oropharyngeal form of tularemia in Turkey takes the form of outbreaks or sporadic cases. Delay in diagnosis is the major factor in complications. Five delayed cases of tularemia in the Marmara region of Turkey are described in this paper between 2009-2015 years. All patients’ diagnoses were confirmed with serology, and all had LAP on their neck regions. The lymphadenopathies persisted despite medical treatment four being excised by Ear Nose and Throat Clinic (ENT). Tularemia must be considered in the evaluation of masses on the neck, particularly in endemic areas. The most important factor in the successful management of tularemia is early initiation of treatment. The risk of suppuration and surgical interventions increases in delayed cases

An Evaluation of the Waqf Books in Urfa

Urfa’da Osmanlı dönemi kitap ve kütüphane konusuna değinen bu makalede, üçü yeni, biri de daha önce yayınlanmış olan dört adet vakfiye üzerinden kitap ve kütüphane konusu incelenmektedir. Söz konusu incelemede Urfa’daki kitap ve kütüphane kültürü ile bunun şehrin kültürel hayatına yansıması anlatılmış olup, Şeyh Ramazan Efendi Vakfı, Hacı Hafız Mustafa bin Hasan, Dede Osman Efendi ve Hacı Kurra Efendizade Mehmed Halid Efendi Vakıflarına ait vakıf kitaplara yer verilmiştir

Pagophagia-Induced Hyponatremia: An Unusual Case

Hyponatremia occurs when the serum sodium level is below 135 mmol/L. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, confusion, headache, cardiorespiratory symptoms, profound somnolence or coma, and seizures are observed. Iron deficiency anemia can also cause pagophagia, a Pica subspecies. Although it has been emphasized that electrolyte disturbance may develop due to pagophagia, only a dearth of cases was reported. A 59-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department with complaints of incoherent speech that started at night, disorientated movements (such as fluttering and climbing), insomnia, restlessness, and confusion. In 2017, he experienced hyponatremia due to pagophagia and a salt-free diet. At the index episode of hyponatremia, he experienced confusion, drowsiness, and sleepiness. It was learned that the patient enjoyed these symptoms.For this purpose, the patient made a habit of eating a completely salt-free diet and consumed plenty of water. Although pagophagia is considered to cause hyponatremia because it causes excessive water intake, there are not enough cases reported. It is to be noted that people develop habits or addiction to things they like

Real-Life Data of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Oral Antivirals: A Single-Center Study

Introduction:Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the important causes of liver cancer and cirrhosis all over the worldwide.Methods:The data of the patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C infection who applied to the Adult Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Outpatient Clinic of Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Accordingly, 51 patients treated with direct-acting oral antiviral drugs (DAAs) between January 2016 and May 2021 were included in the study. Patients whose treatment is still ongoing, whose treatment was completed but did not come to the 12th week after treatment, or whose control time has not yet come, were excluded from the study.Results:It was observed that 58.8% of the cases participating in the study were male, 80.4% were infected with genotype 1b, and 74.5% were treatment-naive. When the treatment regimens used in the cases were examined, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in 7.8%, sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir (LED), SOF/LED/ribavirin, and SOF/ribavirin in 15.7%, ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (P)/ritonavir (R)/dasabuvir and OBV/P/R/ribavirin in 76.5% (n=39) appears to be used. A statistically significant difference was found between the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase measurements, and platelet counts of the subjects participating in the study at the beginning, at the 4th week, at the end of the treatment, and at the 12th week (p=0.001). In these cases, a sustained virological response was achieved in 100%. In the follow-up of the cases, no serious side effects that required drug discontinuation were observed.Conclusion:Our study showed that the treatment success of DAAs is 100% and their side-effect profiles are good

Feeding dihydroquercetin and vitamin E to broiler chickens reared at standard and high ambient temperatures

The use of natural antioxidants, in particular polyphenols such as dihydroquercetin (DHQ), in animal nutrition has recently increased in popularity. This may partly be due to the risk of increased incidences of heat stress associated with raising livestock in warmer ambient temperatures, facilitated by global warming, reducing antioxidant capacity. The current research demonstrates the effect of dietary DHQ, vitaminEand standard or high ambient temperatures on growth performance, energy and nutrient metabolism, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, jejunal villus morphometry and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Each of the four experimental diets was fed to 16 pens of five birds, which were allocated to four rooms (four pens in each room). The temperature in two rooms was maintained at aconstant 35°C (high temperature; HT), and the temperature in the other two rooms was gradually reduced from 27°C at 7 dof age to 22°C at 20 dof age (standard temperature; ST). Rearing birds at HT reduced feed intake, weight gain, weight of small intestine, total GIT, liver, spleen, heart, villus height, villus surface area and lowered blood glutationperoxidase (GSH-Px). Dietary DHQ increased blood GSH-Px and total antioxidant status, increased heart weight and reduced caecal size. When fed separately, DHQ and vitamin E improved hepatic vitamin E concentration. Feeding vitamin Eincreased spleen and liver weights. When fed together, DHQ and vitamin Ereduced villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio and villus surface area. Temperature and antioxidants did not affect energy and nutrient metabolism. There were no effects of dietary antioxidants on growth performance of broiler chickens and there were no mortalities. At present, it is unclear if feeding antioxidants (in particular DHQ) at different levels, using different dietary formulations, and rearing birds under arange of environmental conditions may be effective at enhancing production performance and bird health in hot ambient climates

Molecular epidemiologic analysis on vancomycin resistant enterococci

Enterokoklar, birçok bakteri türünde bulunan virülans faktörlerine sahip olmamalarına rağmen çevre şartlarına oldukça dirençlidir. Çeşitli antibiyotiklere karşı doğal veya kazanılmış direnç göstermeleri, enterokokların son yıllarda nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlarda önemli etyolojik ajanlar arasında yer almasına neden olmuştur. Vankomisine dirençli enterokok (VRE) enfeksiyonlarının kontrolünde, bu bakteri ile kolonize olan hastaların erken tespiti ve nozokomiyal salgın ile ilişkilerinin gösterilmesi önemlidir. Nozokomiyal epidemiler sırasında izole edilen VRE suşları arasındaki klonal ilişkinin tespiti için moleküler yöntemler kullanılmalıdır. Pulsed Field Jel Elektroforezi (PFGE); nozokomiyal salgın sürveyansında, salgın suşları arasındaki ilişkinin gösterilmesi ve salgın kaynağının tespitinde ?altın standart? yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada hastanede yatan hastalardan izole edilen VRE suşlarının, hastane enfeksiyonları epidemiyolojisi açısından PFGE ve Arbitrarily primed-PCR (AP-PCR) yöntemleri kullanılarak klonal ilişkilerinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır.Ocak 2001 ile Aralık 2009 yılları arasında hastanede yatan hasta örneklerinden izole edilen tüm VRE türleri içinde Enterococcus faecium'un %98'lik bir oranla baskın tür olduğu saptandı. Çalışmaya 9 yıllık periyot boyunca, 5 ayrı muhtemel epidemi döneminde izole edilen suşlardan 83 adet E. faecium suşu dahil edildi. Tüm suşların yüksek düzey glikopeptit direncine sahip olduğu saptandı.PFGE yöntemiyle 2001 ile 2002 yılı epidemilerinde izole edilen birçok suş arasında anlamlı benzerlik olduğu, bu klonun varlığını uzun süre koruduğu ve bu iki epidemi döneminde baskın hale geldiği saptandı. Diğer 3 epidemi döneminde izole edilen suşların kendi içinde benzediği, ancak farklı epidemiler arasında anlamlı bir suş benzerliği olmadığı belirlendi. Özellikle 2009 yılındaki epidemi döneminde tüm suşların tek bir klonal kümede toplandığı, daha önce hasta örneklerinde izole edilmeyen yeni bir suşun tüm hastaneye yayıldığı saptandı.PFGE, ayrım gücü yüksek, tekrarlanabilirliği çok iyi, laboratuvarlar arası standardize edilebilen ve salgın sürveyansında güvenilir bilgiler sunan bir moleküler epidemiyolojik yöntem olarak değerlendirildi.Enterococci are highly resistant to environmental conditions, though they do not have the virulence factors in many bacterial species. In recent years, Enterococci have caused to take part between important etiologic agents at nosocomial infections since they have natural or acquired the resistance to various antibiotics.It is important of the early detection of patients colonized with these bacteria and the demonstration of relations with nosocomial epidemic in the control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. Molecular methods should be used to detect the clonal relationship between isolated VRE strains during epidemics of nosocomial. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), is considered as golden standard method for demonstration of relationship between the epidemic strains and determining the source of the epidemic in the surveillance of nosocomial epidemic. In this study, it is aimed to detect clonal relationships of VRE strains isolated from the hospitalized patients by PFGE and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) methods in terms of the epidemiology of hospital infections.Between January 2001 and December 2009, Enterococcus faecium was found to be the dominant species in all VRE isolated from hospitalized patients, which have rate of 98%. 83 strains of E. faecium were included in the study, which isolated from 5 different possible epidemic periods during 9 years. It was found that all strains have high-level glycopeptide resistance.Through PFGE method, it was determined that there was a significant similarity between many strains isolated from between 2001 and 2002 epidemics, this clone was maintained the existence for a long time and it had become the dominant in these two epidemics. It was also determined that the strains isolated in other 3 epidemic periods were similar to themselves, but there was no significant similarity to a strain between different epidemics. Especially during the 2009 epidemic period, it was found that all strains were collected in a single clonal cluster, the new strain which were not previously isolated from samples of patients was spread to all units of the hospital.It was evaluated that PFGE was a molecular epidemiological method which have high separation power, can be standardized between laboratories and provide reliable information on the epidemic surveillance

Şanlıurfa Kültürü'nün Kadın Ve Erkek Giyim-kuşamına Etkisi

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1997Thesis (M.A.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 1997Şanlıurfa kültürünün kadın ve erkek giyim-kuşamına etkisini konu alan bu tez, Şanlıurfa merkezi ile ilçe ve köylerinde yapılan çalışmalar, kaynak taraması ve görüşme metodu ile sonuçlanmıştır. Birinci bölümde; konuya genel bir giriş yapılmış ve yapılan çalışmalar.yaşanılan problemler anlatılmıştır. İkinci bölümde; Şanlıurfa ilinin tarihi, coğrafyası, tarihsel kronolojisi, ilçelerinin tarihi ve sosyal yapısı incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde; Şanlıurfa civarında yaşayan toplulukların kültürel etkileşimleri ve giyim-kuşam'a etkisi üzerinde saptamalar yapılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde; Şanlıurfa civarındaki ve dışındaki toplulukların kültürel etkileşimleri tartışılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde; Şanlıurfa folklorunun tarihçesi ve günümüze kadar yapılan derleme çlışmaları hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde; Giyim-kuşama genel bakışla açılımı yapılmış, etkenleri ve sonuçlan tartışılmıştır. Yedinci bölümde; Şanlıurfa da geçmişten günümüze giyim-kuşam üzerine saptamalar yapılmış, etkenleri ve sonuçları tespit edilmiştir. Sekizinci bölümde; Şanlıurfa yöresinde günümüz giyim-kuşamının tasnifi ve analizi yapılmıştır. Yörede yapılan derleme ve inceleme çalışması, sonuç ve bulgularıyla, yörede çekilen resimlerle anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.From past untill today, Şanlıurfa has been a culture bridge between many civilisations and protected thousands of cultural elements untill today, By reoson of it's position, Şanlıurfa is the centre of Mezzopotamia, Ancicent Greece and Anatolian culture, It's social structure lasts with tribe and land owners system, in an other word lasts with feudalism, and for this reason men and women clothers are rather various. In the first part, this thesis which takes "the effects of Şanlıurfa culture to men and women clothers" as a subject, not only contains the centre of Şanlıurfa but also the villages called Siverek, Harran, Akçakale, Hilvan, Viranşehir, Suruç and Bozova. Moreover the aim, importance and the borders of the study has expalined. In the second part, the necessory information from various sourced about the history of Şanlıurfa has explained with it's historicol chronology. The geographical location of the city has stated and ascertained the effects of the neighbor cities and countries. The history, social, cultyrel and ethnic structure of the villages has explained after examining the necessary sources. In the third part, the culture! influences between communities in Şanlıurfa and it's villages has explained. In addition the effects of these communitres to men and women clothes. ' These communities has bordered as Turkmens, Arabians, Kurds, Jewishes, Armenians and the others. In the fourth part, the cultural effects and influences of the communities out of Şanlıurfa has analized with reason-result connection. Also the connections between the arrangement of Şanlıurfa's folklore which has a rooted past, has given. Moreover studies of gathering took part in this section and has tried to have some results. The usefulness in today of these studies which have made by amateur and professional people, has discussed. In the sixth part, clothing has described with a large explanation. The attached elements which effect the clothing has explained; Defense instinct. Conform to nature conditions." The religious or philosophic beliefs. Appropriateness to their works. XI Administrative reforms. Economic conditions. Psychological tendency. The connection between those elements and the adaptation technigue to today has explainned. But the details about clothing are in the other parts. In the seventh part, men and women clothing has examined in Şanlıurfa from past untill today. In this part clothing especially in 18. and 19. centuries has explained with pictures and from archives documents. Because the only documents about 18. and 19. centuries cansist of the family albums of some special people. Also in this part, these three elements have discussed: 1- The effects of climate to clothing. 2- The effects of geographical conditions to clothing. 3- The effects of clothing between different communitres. Clothing in different professions has explained with samples and pictures as possible as could be. In the eighth part, men and women clothing analysis and classification has done in centre and sides of Şanlıurfa: Xll 1- Men's clothes wearing on;. Head.. Body. Waist. Under waist. Foot The similarity and difference between the clothes has tried to ascertain. 2- Women's clothes wearing on;. Head. Body. Waist. Under waist Foot xm The similarity and difference between the clothes has tried to ascertain. In addition the differences between young, old and married women clothes has explained village by village. The jewelery and accessory which take big place in clothing and the complementary elements of this part has explained with pictured samples. In addition the natural and otantic make-up has explained which is using by men and women in Şanlıurfa.Yüksek LisansM.A

Geçmişten Günümüze Siverek Karakeçilileri: Tarihleri, Sosyal Hayatları ve Kültürleri

Today, the Karakeçilis, who scattered around different parts of Anatolia, base themselves on the Kayı Tribe, which is among the 24 Oghuz tribes and believe that they came to Anatolia with Ertuğrul Gazi. One of the important settlements of this tribe scattered around different parts of Anatolia is Şanlıurfa Siverek district. The oldest information about Karakeçililes living in this region is XV. dating back to the century. Especially the tribe living in the Ottoman Empire in a nomadic state, settled between Siverek, Viransehir and Berriye as plateaus and winter quarters for centuries and as an administrative unit of Diyarbakir Province between Siverek and Viranşehir, the tribe has maintained its existence. The tribe had constant relations with the local people in the region as well as with the nomadic tribes like themselves, as well as with the state officials in the region. In this study, it will be tried to look at the past, political, social, economic and cultural life of the tribe in the region through the bey family of the Mirekî tribe, which is the essence and essential element of the Karakeçili tribe still living in the Siverek region.Bugün Anadolu'nun farklı yerlerine dağılmış olan Karakeçililer, kendilerini 24 Oğuz boyu içerisinde yer alan Kayı Boyu'na dayandırmakta ve Ertuğrul Gazi ile Anadolu'ya geldiklerine inanmaktadırlar. Anadolu'nun farklı yerlerine dağılmış bu aşiretin önemli yerleşim yerlerinden biri de Şanlıurfa Siverek ilçesidir. Bu bölgede yaşayan Karakeçililerle ilgi en eski bilgiler XV. yüzyıla dayanmaktadır. Özellikle Osmanlı Devleti'nde konar-göçer halde yaşayan aşiret, yüzyıllar boyunca yaylak ve kışlak olarak Siverek, Viranşehir ve Berriye arasında konup-göçmüş ve Siverek-Viranşehir arasında Diyarbekir Eyaletine bağlı bir idari birim olarak boy(aşiret) varlığını muhafaza etmiştir. Aşiretin hem bölgede bulunan yerel halkla hem de kendileri gibi konar-göçer olan aşiretlerle münasebetleri olduğu gibi bölgedeki devlet görevlileri ile de sürekli ilişkileri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada bugün hala Siverek bölgesinde yaşayan Karakeçili aşiretinin özü ve asli unsuru olan Mirekî oymağının bey ailesi üzerinden aşiretin bölgedeki geçmişine, siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel hayatına bakmaya çalışılacaktır

Spacelessness Of The Body In The Context Of The Issue Of

Bu araştırma Gazi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Resim Anasanat Dalı'nda (GGSER) yapılmıştır. Araştırma konusu aidiyet/kimlik/benlik/yalnızlık/beden ve mekân gibi kavramlardan oluşmaktadır. Tezin asıl problematiği aidiyet duygusu'dur. Aidiyet meselesi, içinde yaşadığımız çağın önemli bir sorunsalı olarak görülmektedir. İnsanlar özlerinde var olan bir takım soyut değerlerle birlikte belli bir toplum ve kültür içine doğarlar ve kendi cinsiyetlerini, ailelerini, içinde yaşadıkları mekânları ve çevrelerinde konuşulan dilleri belirleme imkânına sahip değillerdir. Bireyler bilinçlendikçe kendi aidiyetlerini, kimliklerini, benliklerini, yalnızlıklarını yaşadıkları mekânları biçimlendirme ihtiyacı içine girerler. Ancak hızla küreselleşen dünyada üretilen her türlü bilgi ve teknoloji karşısında sıkışıp kalan insan, aidiyet buna bağlı olarak da kimlik ve benlik gibi değerleri sorgular ve ait olduğu mekânın derinliklerinden koparak kendi yalnızlığına bürünür. Yalnızlık ise kişiye özgü bir durum olduğundan, insanın gerçek kimliği, benliği ancak böyle bir durumda anlam kazanır. Bireyin sahip olduğu tüm değerlerin özünde insanın kendisinin kendine ait olması yatar. Bu duygunun varlığı biz'i biz'e' verir ve bu sayede insan, bir yere, bir şeye ait olmadan önce kendine ait olur. Kendimize aitliği bedenimizde deneyimleriz, bir başka deyişle bedenimiz aidiyet duygumuzun mekânıdır. Aidiyet, mekân ve beden arasındaki ilişki, aidiyet duygusunun yerini aidiyetsizliğe bırakması ile dönüşür ve ait hissettiği mekânda konumlanmış bireyin yerini yalnız bedenin mekânsızlığı alır.This research was made in Art Painting Department in Gazi University Institutute of Fine Arts. The main idea of the research consists of some concepts such as belonging/identity/self/loneliness/body and space. The main problematic issue of the thesis is "the sense of belonging". The issue of belonging is regarded as an important problem in the era that we live. People are born in certain societies and cultures with a certain number of abstract values and they do not have a chance to determine their sexes, family, the space that they live in and the languages that are spoken in their environments. As long as individuals become conscious, they need to shape their own belongings, identities, personalities, solitudes and the places they live in. However, the person stuck within all the information and technology produced in this swiftly globalizing world, questions his values like belonging, accordingly identity and ego; and breaks away from the deep surroundings into his own loneliness. Since loneliness is a personal feeling, the self-respect and identity make sense only in such situations. At the core of every values a person has, lies a person belonging to himself. The existence of this feeling gives "us" to "us", thus, before a person belongs to somewhere or something, he belongs to himself. We experience belonging to ourselves in our body, in other words, our body is the place of our sense of belonging. The relationship between belonging, space and body transforms via replacing the sense of belonging by the feeling of unbelonging and the individual sited in the space he belongs gives way to spacelessness of the lonely bod