Price movements in commodity markets and economic effects.

TEZ11924Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019.Kaynakça (s. 93-104) var.xii, 107 s. : tablo ; 29 cm.Emtia fiyatları, artan tüketim, tükenen kaynaklar, küreselleşme olgusu ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte son yıllarda önemli bir oynaklık göstermeye başlamıştır. Dünya ekonomisinde yaşanan gelişim ve değişimler üretim, yatırım ve tüketim aracı olarak kullanılan emtiaların genişlik, büyüklük ve süre bakımından fiyatlarının dalgalanmasına ve bu dalgalanmanın diğer piyasalara yansıyarak makroekonomik dinamikler üzerinde değişimler yaratmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum, son dönemde dünya ekonomisinde görülen en belirgin değişimlerden birisini oluşturmaktadır. Emtia fiyatlarındaki bu dalgalanmalar özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kırılgan olan ekonomilerini ciddi biçimde etkileyen bir unsur haline dönüşmüştür. Çalışmada, emtia fiyatlarının makroekonomik etkilerinin analizi için, sanayi girdisi ve yakıt fiyatlarının, sanayi üretim endeksi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Böylece ekonomik büyümenin önemli göstergelerinden birisi olan sanayi üretim endeksinin, emtia fiyat değişimleri karşında nasıl bir tepki verdiği ortaya konarak, karar verici ve politika yapıcılara ışık tutacak sonuçlar elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye için Ocak 2013 - Ocak 2019 yılları arasında aylık veriler kullanılarak ARDL yöntemi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre sanayi üretim endeksi sanayi girdisi fiyat endeksi ile aynı yönlü ve yakıt fiyat endeksi ile ters yönlü hareket etmektedir.Commodity prices have started to show significant volatility in recent years because of increasing consumption, depleted resources, the phenomenon of globalization and technological developments. The developments and changes in the world economy have caused the fluctuations in prices of commodities used as production, investment and consumption instruments in terms of width, size and duration, and these fluctuations is reflected in other markets and created changes on macroeconomic dynamics. This situation is one of the most significant changes seen in the world economy in the recent period. These fluctuations in commodity prices have turned into a factor that seriously affects the fragile economies of developing countries in particular. The effect of industrial input prices and fuel price on industrial production index was examined in this study to analyze the macroeconomic effects of commodity prices. Thus, how industrial industry index, which is one of the important indicators of economic growth, reacts against commodity price changes, has been tried to obtain results that will shed light on decision makers and policy makers. In this context, in January 2013 - January 2019 with the ARDL method using monthly data from the analysis was carried for Turkey. According to the results, the industrial production index moves in the same direction with the industrial input price index and in the opposite direction with the fuel price index

Ceranib-2 inhibits HIF1-α gene expression and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the apoptoticeffect of a novel anti-cancer drug, ceranib-2 and impact on HIF-1α levels onHepG2.Methods: The cell line was treated in vitro with 0,1, 1, 5,10, 25 and 50 µM ceranib-2 for 24 and 48 hours and cell viabilitiy was determined.mRNAlevels of acid ceramidase, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9,Cyc1, HIF-1α and TNF-α were measured by qPCR. Results: Ceranib-2 at 10 µMconcentrationreduced the viability by about 58 %after 24 and 48 hours. The same dose increased mRNA level of caspase-3 and no changewas detected on caspase-8 when compared to the control group after 24 hours. Nodifference was detected on caspase-3, but caspase-8 mRNA level increased after48 hours with ceranib-2 at 10 µM concentration. Caspase-9 mRNA levels did not differ after24 and 48 hours. Ceranib-2 at 10 µM concentration lowered mRNA level ofCyc1 against the control group after the 24- hour treatment. ASAH mRNA level wasreduced after the 48-hour treatment with 10 µM ceranib-2. Reduction of ASAH indicatedthat 10 µM ceranib-2 could inhibit ceramidase after 48 hours and this may elavateceramide concentration. TNF-α mRNA increased after 24 and 48 hours, but HIF-1αexpression was low after 24 hours when compared to the control group. Weobserved that ceranib-2 inhibits HIF-1α expression which might induce apoptosisby reducing viability of HepG2 cells via ceranib-2. Conclusion: We have found that ceranib-2 induces apoptosis in HepG2,thus ceranib-2 may play an anti-cancer role at 10 µMconcentration. </p

A Prospective, Multicentered Study to Assess Social Adjustment in Patients With an Intestinal Stoma in Turkey.

Patients with a stoma undergo physiological, psychological, and social adjustment to their new life situation. A descriptive, prospective study was conducted to assess adaptation among patients >18 years of age with a new temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy living in Turkey and receiving care at a participating stomatherapy unit. The study took place between September 1, 2011, and September 1, 2012. During hospitalization and following discharge, patients with a stoma received training and counseling according to their individual characteristics and their physiological, psychological, and social needs. Each participant completed the 19-item "Identification Form for Patients with a Stoma" at the beginning of the study to document sociodemographic and stoma characteristics. To assess adjustment to the stoma, The Ostomy Assessment Inventory (OAI-23) was administered 2 times - the first within 1 month and the second within 6 months after surgery or when a temporary stoma was closed (whichever came first). This instrument comprised 23 items regarding adaptation to the stoma using Likert-type response options (0-4 range). Total scores ranged from 10 to 92, with higher scores indicating better adjustment. The instruments were completed by stoma and wound care nurses during face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Of the 135 participants, the majority (77, 57.0%) were male; 73 (54.1%) had a colostomy, and 106 (78.5%) had a temporary stoma. The primary reason for stoma creation was cancer (89, 65.9%). Mean total OAI-23 scores were 48.63 ± 13.75 at the first administration and 50.59 ± 13.89 for the second. In terms of sociodemographic factors, significant increases in mean scores from the first to the second survey time were noted among patients in the 50-69 age group, women, married persons, and unemployed persons (P less than 0.05). With regard to stoma characteristics, the OAI-23 scores of patients with planned stoma operations and persons with permanent stomas increased significantly (P less than 0.05) between assessments. Significant increases in OAI-23 scores also were noted among persons who did not receive information before the operation, patients whose stoma site was not marked, and patients who had experienced a complication (P less than 0.05). Postoperatively, it is important to consider sociodemographic and stoma characteristics as well as preoperative variables that may influence adaptation to stoma. Additional larger, multicentered studies with extended patient follow-up are warranted

Influenza viruses types in 2010-2011 winter season and effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment

2010-2011 kış sezonunda influenza benzeri semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda influenza virüs tiplerinin (influenza A, influenza B ve H1N1) dağılımı, klinik özellikleri ve tedavide oseltamivirin etkinliğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak-Mart 2011 tarihlerinde üç farklı merkeze influenza benzeri semptomlarla başvuran 18 yaş altındaki 300 hasta dahil edildi. İnfluenza sorgulama formu oluşturulan hastaların yaşı, influenza aşı durumu, başvuru semptomlarının başlangıç ve bitiş tarihleri, komplikasyonların varlığı, antiviral tedavi ve antiviral tedavi dışındaki kullanılan ilaçlar (antipiretik, antibiyotik vb.), hospitalizasyon durumu, altta yatan kronik bir hastalık olup olmadığı kaydedildi. Tüm hastalardan influenza virüsleri için nazal sürüntü (swab) örnekleri alındı. Örneklerden influenza virüs tipleri için "reverse-transcription" polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) çalışıldı. Hastaların bir kısmına RT-PCR sonuçları beklenmeden rastgele oseltamivir tedavisi başlandı ve takibe alındı. Bulgular: Hastalarda başvuru sırasında en sık görülen semptomlar ateş (%87.3), öksürük (%84.7), burun tıkanıklığı (%86.3), burun akıntısı (%83.7), boğaz ağrısı (%32), baş ağrısı (%21.3), kas ağrısı (%16.3) idi. Hastaların 45’ine (%15) mevsimsel influenza aşısı yapılmışken, 255’inin (%85) aşısı yoktu. Hastaların 129’unda (%43) influenza RT-PCR pozitif bulundu ve bunların 71’ine oseltamivir başlanmıştı. İnfluenza pozitif grupta yer alan ve oseltamivir başlanan hastalarda ateş, öksürük, burun tıkanıklığı ve burun akıntısı süresinin istatistiksel olarak daha kısa olduğu saptandı (p<0.002). Oseltamivir tedavisinin semptomların başlangıcından itibaren ilk 48 saatte başlanmasının klinik iyileşme üzerinde daha etkili olduğu gösterildi. RT-PCR pozitifliği olan hastalardaki influenza virüsü tiplerinin dağılımına bakıldığında, 37’sinde (%28.6) H1N1, 44’ünde (%34.1) influenza A, 46’sında (%35.6) influenza B, 2’sinde (%1.5) miks etken saptandı. Etkenler arasında semptom süresi karşılaştırıldığında influenza B’de öksürük (p<0.001), burun tıkanıklığı (p<0.05) ve burun akıntısının (p<0.001) diğer etkenlere göre daha uzun sürdüğü görüldü. Sonuç: Mevsimsel influenza ve H1N1’in tedavisinde oseltamivir etkili bir ajandır. Ancak tedaviye mümkün olan en kısa sürede başlanmalı ve başlamak için test sonuçları beklenmemelidir. (J Pediatr Inf 2012; 6: 1-5)Objective: The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bioequivalent formulation of oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A, influenza B and H1N1 during the 2010- 2011 influenza season. Materials and Methods: We compared the symptoms and signs of 300 pediatric patients presenting to three University hospitals with an influenza-like illness, between January and March 2011. Nasal swab specimens were collected from all children and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza viruses. After randomization, half of the participants were prescribed oseltamivir, while the other half were observed conservatively. Forty patients who were followed-up for influenza prior to the study were also included into the evaluation. Results: Influenza was confirmed by RT-PCR in 129 children, 71 of whom were prescribed oseltamivir. The durations of symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were significantly shorter for patients who were treated with oseltamivir compared with untreated patients (for all symptoms p&lt;0.002). Early initiation of oseltamivir therapy (within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms) was associated with more favorable outcomes and a earlier recovery than in patients for whom treatment was delayed (beyond 48 hours). Thirty-seven patients (28.6%) had H1N1, 44 (34.1%) had influenza A, 46 (35.6%) had influenza B, 1 (0.75%) had H1N1 plus influenza A and 1 (0.75%) had influenza A plus influenza B viruses. In the comparison of the duration of symptoms in different virus types, a statistically significant difference was only observed in patients with influenza B, who had a longer duration of cough (p&lt;0.001), nasal congestion (p&lt;0.001) and rhinorrhea (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Oseltamivir is an effective treatment for the management of seasonal influenza and H1N1, and should be initiated immediately without waiting for laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. (J Pediatr Inf 2012; 6: 1-5

Influenza viruses types in 2010-2011 winter season and effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment

2010-2011 kış sezonunda influenza benzeri semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda influenza virüs tiplerinin (influenza A, influenza B ve H1N1) dağılımı, klinik özellikleri ve tedavide oseltamivirin etkinliğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak-Mart 2011 tarihlerinde üç farklı merkeze influenza benzeri semptomlarla başvuran 18 yaş altındaki 300 hasta dahil edildi. İnfluenza sorgulama formu oluşturulan hastaların yaşı, influenza aşı durumu, başvuru semptomlarının başlangıç ve bitiş tarihleri, komplikasyonların varlığı, antiviral tedavi ve antiviral tedavi dışındaki kullanılan ilaçlar (antipiretik, antibiyotik vb.), hospitalizasyon durumu, altta yatan kronik bir hastalık olup olmadığı kaydedildi. Tüm hastalardan influenza virüsleri için nazal sürüntü (swab) örnekleri alındı. Örneklerden influenza virüs tipleri için "reverse-transcription" polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) çalışıldı. Hastaların bir kısmına RT-PCR sonuçları beklenmeden rastgele oseltamivir tedavisi başlandı ve takibe alındı. Bulgular: Hastalarda başvuru sırasında en sık görülen semptomlar ateş (%87.3), öksürük (%84.7), burun tıkanıklığı (%86.3), burun akıntısı (%83.7), boğaz ağrısı (%32), baş ağrısı (%21.3), kas ağrısı (%16.3) idi. Hastaların 45’ine (%15) mevsimsel influenza aşısı yapılmışken, 255’inin (%85) aşısı yoktu. Hastaların 129’unda (%43) influenza RT-PCR pozitif bulundu ve bunların 71’ine oseltamivir başlanmıştı. İnfluenza pozitif grupta yer alan ve oseltamivir başlanan hastalarda ateş, öksürük, burun tıkanıklığı ve burun akıntısı süresinin istatistiksel olarak daha kısa olduğu saptandı (p<0.002). Oseltamivir tedavisinin semptomların başlangıcından itibaren ilk 48 saatte başlanmasının klinik iyileşme üzerinde daha etkili olduğu gösterildi. RT-PCR pozitifliği olan hastalardaki influenza virüsü tiplerinin dağılımına bakıldığında, 37’sinde (%28.6) H1N1, 44’ünde (%34.1) influenza A, 46’sında (%35.6) influenza B, 2’sinde (%1.5) miks etken saptandı. Etkenler arasında semptom süresi karşılaştırıldığında influenza B’de öksürük (p<0.001), burun tıkanıklığı (p<0.05) ve burun akıntısının (p<0.001) diğer etkenlere göre daha uzun sürdüğü görüldü. Sonuç: Mevsimsel influenza ve H1N1’in tedavisinde oseltamivir etkili bir ajandır. Ancak tedaviye mümkün olan en kısa sürede başlanmalı ve başlamak için test sonuçları beklenmemelidir. (J Pediatr Inf 2012; 6: 1-5)Objective: The aim of this multicentric prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bioequivalent formulation of oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A, influenza B and H1N1 during the 2010- 2011 influenza season. Materials and Methods: We compared the symptoms and signs of 300 pediatric patients presenting to three University hospitals with an influenza-like illness, between January and March 2011. Nasal swab specimens were collected from all children and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza viruses. After randomization, half of the participants were prescribed oseltamivir, while the other half were observed conservatively. Forty patients who were followed-up for influenza prior to the study were also included into the evaluation. Results: Influenza was confirmed by RT-PCR in 129 children, 71 of whom were prescribed oseltamivir. The durations of symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were significantly shorter for patients who were treated with oseltamivir compared with untreated patients (for all symptoms <0.002). Early initiation of oseltamivir therapy (within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms) was associated with more favorable outcomes and a earlier recovery than in patients for whom treatment was delayed (beyond 48 hours). Thirty-seven patients (28.6%) had H1N1, 44 (34.1%) had influenza A, 46 (35.6%) had influenza B, 1 (0.75%) had H1N1 plus influenza A and 1 (0.75%) had influenza A plus influenza B viruses. In the comparison of the duration of symptoms in different virus types, a statistically significant difference was only observed in patients with influenza B, who had a longer duration of cough (<0.001), nasal congestion (<0.001) and rhinorrhea (<0.001). Conclusion: Oseltamivir is an effective treatment for the management of seasonal influenza and H1N1, and should be initiated immediately without waiting for laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. (J Pediatr Inf 2012; 6: 1-5