Eritromicin oslabljuje kontraktilne odgovore na izoliranom mokraćnom mjehuru hipertireotičnih štakora.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of erythromycin on urinary bladder muscle contractions in hyperthyroid rats. Totally 12 rats were assigned into 2 groups (6 rats in each group), as the control and hyperthyroid rat groups. The contractile responses were determined as Emax and pD2 of carbachol (10-3-10-8 M) and potassium (1-6×10-2 M, KCl) in the absence and presence of erythromycin (10-3; 5×10-4; 10-4 M). The contractile responses to carbachol (10-3-10-8 M) in the presence of verapamil (10-8 M), atropine (10-8 M), or in calcium-free Krebs solution were also determined in the absence and presence of erythromycin (10-3 M). Treatment of erythromycin significantly reduced the response to carbachol and KCl-evoked contractions. Carbachol-evoked contractions were reduced in the presence of atropine, whereas the atropineresistant components of carbachol-evoked contractions were not inhibited in the presence of erythromycin. The contractile response to carbachol was reduced in calcium-free Krebs solution and 10-8 M verapamil. In addition, when erythromycin was added together with verapamil 10-8 M, the contractile response to carbachol was inhibited. In conclusion, erythromycin more effectively inhibited urinary bladder contractions in hyperthyroid rats than the control rats, through calcium movement inhibition.Istraženi su učinci eritromicina na kontrakcije mišića mokraćnog mjehura u hipertireotičnih štakora. Dvanaest štakora bilo je svrstano u dvije skupine, kontrolnu i pokusnu (po šest štakora u svakoj skupini). Kontraktilni odgovor izražen kao Emax i pD2 na karbakol (10-3-10-8 M) i kalij (1-6×10-2 M, KCl) bili su određeni u odsutnosti i prisutnosti eritromicina (10-3; 5×10-4; 10-4 M). Kontraktilni odgovori na karbakol (10-3-10-8 M) u prisutnosti verapamila (10-8 M), atropina (10-8 M), ili u Krebsovoj otopini bez kalcija, bili su također određivani u odsutnosti i prisutnosti eritromicina (10-3 M). Primjena eritromicina značajno je smanjila odgovor na kontrakciju potaknutu karbakolom i kalijevim kloridom. Kontrakcije potaknute karbakolom bile su smanjene u prisutnosti atropina, dok komponente kontrakcija izazvane karbakolom rezistentne na atropin nisu bile inhibirane u prisutnosti eritromicina. Kontraktilni odgovor na karbakol bio je smanjen u Krebsovoj otopini bez kalcija i 10-8 M otopini verapamila. Povrh toga, kontraktilni odgovor na karbakol bio je inhibiran kad je eritromicin bio primijenjen zajedno s 10-8 M verapamilom. Može se zaključiti da je eritromicin učinkovitije inhibirao kontrakcije mokraćnog mjehura hipertireotičnih štakora nego u kontrolnih štakora putem inhibicije kolanja kalcija

The Effect of istinbāt and indirect meaning on commentaries and translations of the Quran: An analysis specific to the word tafas̱

Makaleİstinbât ve dolaylı anlam Kur’an’ın farklı anlaşılması ve yorumlanmasına etki edebilecek iki faktördür. Bazen tefsir ilminin ve Kur’an’ın tercümesinin sınırlarını aşan yorumlar fıkhi çıkarımların ve dolaylı anlamların asli anlam zannedilmesinden kaynaklanabilmektedir. Hac sûresinin 29. ayetinde geçen tefes̱ kelimesi etrafında oluşan ihtilafta istinbât ve dolaylı anlamın etkisi görülmektedir. Tefes̱kelimesinin şiirlerde çok kullanılmaması ve hakkında seleften farklı izahların gelişi tefsir literatüründe farklı yorumlara sebep olmuştur. Fakat seleften gelen nakillerin istinbât ve dolaylı anlam unsurlarını içerdiği gözden kaçırılmıştır. Tefes̱ kelimesi hakkında oluşan ihtilafların “istinbât ve dolaylı anlamın tefsire ve meallere etkisi” şeklinde bir paranteze alınarak analiz edildiği çalışmamızda şu sonuca varılmıştır: Tefes̱ kelimesi Kur’an’da sözlük anlamıyla uygun bir şekilde kir, saç, kıl, tırnak veya kötü koku anlamında kullanılmıştır. Literatürde yer alan hac menâsiki çerçevesindeki izahlar dolaylı anlamların asli anlam zannedilmesinden, ihram yasakları merkezindeki açıklamalar da istinbâtın tefsir faaliyetine dahil edilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır.Istinbāt and indirect meaning are two factors that can affect the different understanding and interpretation of the Quran. Sometimes interpretations that go beyond the limits of tafsir and the translation of the Qur’an may arise from the fact that juridical inferences and indirect meanings are assumed to be literal meaning. In the dispute around the word tafas̱in the 29th verse of the chapter Hajj, the effect of istinbāt and indirect meaning is seen. The fact that tafas̱isn’t used much in poems and the arrival ofdifferent explanations about the word from salafhas caused different interpretations in the tafsir literature. However, it has been overlooked that the quotations from salafcontain the elements of istinbāt and indirect meaning. In our study, in which the disputes about the word tafas̱were analyzed by taking a bracket as “the effect of istinbāt and indirect meaning on interpretation and translation”, the following conclusion was reached: Tafas̱is literallyused in the Qur'an to mean dirt, hair, nails or bad roots. The explanations in the context of pilgrimage in the literature stem from the fact that the indirect meanings are assumed to be the main meaning. The statements in the center of ihram prohibitionsare also due to the inclusion of the istinbātin the tafsir activity

Análisis de algunos aspectos físicos, químicos y microbiológicos de las muestras de miel producidas y consumidas en Turquía

Analysis of honey produced in the western part of Turkey was carried out in this study. Fifty honey samples, collected from the local market in this region were analyzed for their physicochemical parameters including hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), electrical conductivity, sucrose, free acidity, moisture and water insoluble impurities, in addition to pathogenic microorganisms present. HMF amounts determined in 47 samples were found to be between 1.9 and 98.0 mg/kg with good reproducibilities (%RSD: 3.2% or better). There were no pathogenic microorganisms in any of the investigated samples. Electrical conductivity that gives information about their mineral contents was measured, and the mean value was found to be 0.33 mS/cm (N=34). In general, most of the samples were considered to meet the requirements of Turkish Food Codex and European Commission Directives.En este estudio se analizó muestras de miel producida en la zona oeste de Turquía. Se trabajó con 50 muestras del mercado local de la región, en las cuales se determinaron parámetros físico-químicos incluyendo el hidroximetilfurfural (HMF), conductividad eléctrica, sacarosa, acidez libre, humedad e impurezas insolubles en agua además de microorganismos patógenos presentes. Las cantidades de HMF determinadas en 47 muestras oscilaron entre 1,9 y 98,0 mg/kg con buena desviación estándar de la reproducibilidad (% de RSD/DSR 3,2% o mejor). No se encontraron microorganismos patógenos en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. La conductividad eléctrica, que aporta información sobre el contenido mineral, resulta en un promedio de 0,33 mS/cm (N=34). En general se encontró que la mayoría de las muestras cumple los requerimientos del Codex alimentario turco y de las directivas de la Comisión Europea.Fil: Bakirdere, Sezgin. Universidad Técnica de Yıldız (Turquía)Fil: Yaroglu, Tolga. Universidad de Ankara (Turquía)Fil: Tirik, Nihan. Ondokuz Mayıs University (Turquía)Fil: Demiroz, Mehmet. Uludag University (Turquía)Fil: Karaca, Abdullah. Fırat University (Turquía

Clinical and radiological results of oxford phase-3 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

PubMed ID: 31832288Purpose The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effectiveness of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) by showing the results of the radiological and clinical outcomes of the patients. Materials and methods Seventy-two knees of 54 patients who underwent UKA between September 2005 and March 2011 for medial knee arthritis with a minimum follow-up of six months were evaluated. Range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, Knee Society Score (KSS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were investigated both preoperatively and postoperatively. On the other hand, Oxford radiographic evaluation criteria were used to evaluate prostheses radiologically at the final follow-up. Results The average age was 53.4 years (47 to 79 years). The average follow-up time was 39.8 months (8 to 72 months). There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative ROM, HSS, and OKS (p<0.05). Radiologically, there was no sign of arthritis on the unoperated side of the knee or failure of prosthesis detected. Before the operation, the average clinical KSS was 63.2 and improved to 91.4 after the operation. In addition, the average functional KSS was 54.9 before the operation and improved to 86.5 after the operation. The average knee flexion degree was 109.1 before the operation and there was an improvement to 123.6 degrees after the operation. Before the operation, the average HSS score was 67.5 (range, 52 to 75) and improved to 89.9 (range, 85 to 100) at the final control examination. Conclusion This study supports the use of Oxford Phase 3 UKA, which has excellent clinical and radiological results in patients with medial knee arthritis

Dimmable street lighting application using a microcontroller

U radu se opisuje sustav uštede enrgije kod ulične rasvjete za različite vrste rasvjete. Taj se sustav primijenjivao u sveučilišnom kampusu u trajanju od 12 mjeseci uz uštedu električne energije od 24,1 %. U tom su sustavu u periodu od 12 mjeseci svjetiljke s natrijem pod visokim pritiskom prigušene pomoću kartica programiranog mikroregulatora u odgovarajućim rasponima u skladu s kalendarskim i vremenskim podacima primjenom dizajniranog sučelja. Uz uštedu energije, taj sustav omogućuje primjenu daljinskog analizatora energije u praćenju podataka o potrošenoj energiji u osvijetljenom području.This article describes an energy saving system of road lighting suited for different lighting scenarios. The designed system is applied in a university campus for a 12-month period with a resulting 24,1 % electric energy saving. Within the system high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are dimmed by programmed microcontroller cards at desired rates according to calendar and clock data in a 12-month period using a designed interface. In addition to energy saving, the designed system allows a remote accessed power analyzer to be used to follow up consumed energy data for the lighted area

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Predictor of Left Atrial Thrombosis in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has recently been investigated for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII and left atrial thrombosis (LAT). Methods: This retrospective, case-control study recruited patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for LAT detection before cardioversion or catheter ablation at a tertiary hospital between 2012 and 2021. Demographic characteristics were obtained from the hospital data system. According to TEE findings, the patients were categorized into LAT (+) and (-) groups. Age, gender, history of chronic diseases, urea, creatinine, albumin, hemogram parameters, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SII, the CHADS₂ score, the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, echocardiographic parameters, antiaggregant-anticoagulant use, and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were included and analyzed. Results: The study population consisted of 403 patients, including 228 men (56.6%), at a mean age of 60.84±12.26 years. A high white blood cell count (WBC) (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51; P=0.013), a high SII (OR, 1.00, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00; P=0.003), and a low ejection fraction (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99; P=0.018) were independent predictors of LAT (+). A spontaneous echo contrast (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.35 to 4.39; P=0.003) was associated with LAT (+). SII values above 693.6 predicted LAT (+) with 71.6% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity (AUC, 0.77; P<0.001). The predictiveness of SII was similar to that of NLR (0.77 vs 0.74, P=0.093) but higher than PLR (0.77 vs 0.67; P<0.001) and WBC (0.77 vs 0.69; P=0.031). Conclusion: SII is an independent predictor of LAT in patients with NVAF

Methyl 2-(2-hydroxy­benzyl­ideneamino)-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C17H17NO3S, the cyclohexene ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.006 (1) Å. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the thio­phene and benzene rings is 29.7 (1)°. The mol­ecular structure exhibits intra­molecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, which generate one S(5) and two S(6) motifs. There is also a C—H⋯π inter­action between the cyclo­hexene ring system and the π-system of the benzene ring

A Newborn with Congenital Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia After In Vitro Fertilization

Congenital leukemia is a rare disease. The majority of cases of this disease are acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Congenital acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is rare and most often is of B cell lineage. Rarely, some cases have been designated biphenotypic or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Herein, we report a preterm newborn referred to us as a result of the appearance of blue-violaceous dermal nodules on her body at birth. She was a twin and the product of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy. Physical examination showed jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and peripheral facial nerve palsy in addition to dermal nodules. Bone marrow aspiration showed 40% blasts of lymphoid lineage; skin biopsy and its immunohistochemistry revealed myeloblastic infiltration of the dermis. Cytogenetic analysis (46,XX), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and cranial magnetic resonance were normal. The patient was diagnosed with congenital MPAL, and an association between IVF and congenital leukemia was suggested

Scheduling surgery after transarterial embolization: does timing make any difference to intraoperative blood loss for renal cell carcinoma bone metastases?

PURPOSEOur purpose is to clarify the optimal timing of surgery after transarterial embolization (TAE) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) bone metastases.METHODSThis retrospective study included 41 patients with RCC bone metastases embolized between 2013 and 2019. Different-sized particulate and/or liquid embolic agents were used for TAE. Embolizations were categorized into groups 1–3 according to the interval between TAE and surgery (group 1: 3 days). Degree of embolization after TAE was graded visually based on angiographic images (90%). The relationship between the TAE–surgery interval and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) and the correlation between IBL and embolization grade were examined. Lesion sizes and the relationships among lesion localizations and contrast media usage, intervention time, and IBL were also analyzed.RESULTSForty-six pre-operative TAEs (single lesion at each session) were performed in this study (26 in group 1, 13 in group 2, 7 in group 3). Lesion sizes and distributions were similar between groups (p = 0.897); >75% devascularization was achieved in 40 (TAEs 86.96%), but the IBL showed no correlation with the embolization rate (r=0.032, p = 0.831). The TAE–surgery interval was 1–7 days. The median IBL in group 1 (750 mL; range, 150–3000 mL) was significantly lower than those in the other groups (p = 0.002). Contrast media usage (p = 0.482) and intervention times (p = 0.261) were similar for metastases at different localizations. IBL values after TAE were lower for extremity metastases (p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONBone metastases of RCC are well-vascularized, and to achieve lowest IBL values, surgery should preferably be performed <1 day after TAE

Determination of As, Cd, and Pb in tap water and bottled water samples by using optimized GFAAS system with Pd-Mg and Ni as matrix modifiers

Arsenic, lead and cadmium were determined in tap and bottled water samples consumed in the west part of Turkey at trace levels. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) was used in all detections. All of the system parameters for each element were optimized to increase sensitivity. Pd-Mg mixture was selected as the best matrix modifier for As while the highest signals were obtained for Pb and Cd in the case of Ni used as matrix modifier. Detection limits for As, Cd, and Pb were found to be 2.0, 0.036 and 0.25 ng/mL, respectively. 78 tap water and 17 different brands of bottled water samples were analyzed for their As, Cd and Pb contents under the optimized conditions. In all water samples, concentration of cadmium was found to be lower than detection limits. Lead concentration in the samples analyzed varied between N.D. and 12.66 +/- 0.68 ng/mL. The highest concentration of arsenic was determined as 11.54 +/- 2.79 ng/mL. Accuracy of the methods was verified by using a certified reference material namely Trace Element in Water, 1643e. Results found for As, Cd, and Pb in reference materials were in satisfactory agreement with the certified values