A comparison of the electrolysis of soil washing wastes with active and non-active electrodes

A comparison between the performance of electrolysis of three different soil-washing wastes with platinum and boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes is carried out in this work. Results demonstrate that the treatment is more efficient with BDD for perchloroethylene and clopyralid but not for the case of lindane, because in this case there is a competitive oxidation between lindane and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate used to extract this pollutant from soil. First order kinetics are observed in each compound with higher removal at the early stages and generally better results are obtained when using BDD as anode. The evolution of pH and a voltammetry study indicate a higher direct oxidation rate in the case of platinum and more importance of hydroxyl radical mediated processes with diamond anodes. Similar speciation is obtained during the electro-oxidation using BDD and platinum electrodes although the concentration of intermediates vary significantly

Automated detection of regions of interest for tissue microarray experiments: an image texture analysis

BACKGROUND: Recent research with tissue microarrays led to a rapid progress toward quantifying the expressions of large sets of biomarkers in normal and diseased tissue. However, standard procedures for sampling tissue for molecular profiling have not yet been established. METHODS: This study presents a high throughput analysis of texture heterogeneity on breast tissue images for the purpose of identifying regions of interest in the tissue for molecular profiling via tissue microarray technology. Image texture of breast histology slides was described in terms of three parameters: the percentage of area occupied in an image block by chromatin (B), percentage occupied by stroma-like regions (P), and a statistical heterogeneity index H commonly used in image analysis. Texture parameters were defined and computed for each of the thousands of image blocks in our dataset using both the gray scale and color segmentation. The image blocks were then classified into three categories using the texture feature parameters in a novel statistical learning algorithm. These categories are as follows: image blocks specific to normal breast tissue, blocks specific to cancerous tissue, and those image blocks that are non-specific to normal and disease states. RESULTS: Gray scale and color segmentation techniques led to identification of same regions in histology slides as cancer-specific. Moreover the image blocks identified as cancer-specific belonged to those cell crowded regions in whole section image slides that were marked by two pathologists as regions of interest for further histological studies. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the high efficiency of our automated method for identifying pathologic regions of interest on histology slides. Automation of critical region identification will help minimize the inter-rater variability among different raters (pathologists) as hundreds of tumors that are used to develop an array have typically been evaluated (graded) by different pathologists. The region of interest information gathered from the whole section images will guide the excision of tissue for constructing tissue microarrays and for high throughput profiling of global gene expression