Fibrin sealant as a carrier for sustained delivery of antibiotics

Objective: To evaluate the activity and sustained release of antibiotics from fibrin sealant against common strains of ocular bacteria. Methods: Vancomycin, ceftazidime, moxifloxacin and lomefloxacin were incorporated into fibrin sealant in the shape of discs. Each antibiotic disc and control fibrin disc without drug was tested in vitro against standard bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. After 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the discs were transferred to new plates of bacteria and triplicated for each antibiotic. Results: All antibiotic discs demonstrated detectable activity after 24 hours. Vancomycin had the longest duration of activity (4 days) on the S. pneumonia grown plate. The moxifloxacin discs showed a prolonged inhibition of S. aureus and S. pneumonia for 3 days and inhibited the other strains for 2 days. Conclusion: Fibrin sealants provided prolonged drug delivery, which indicates that antibiotic-loaded fibrin clots could be useful for early ocular postoperative care and treatment. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 194-19

Quercetin protects the retina by reducing apoptosis due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin on apoptotic cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups: control, ischemic, solvent, and quercetin. I/R injury was achieved by elevating the intraocular pressure above the perfusion pressure. Intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg/kg of quercetin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were performed in the quercetin and solvent groups, respectively, immediately prior to I/R injury, and the researchers allowed for the retinas to be reperfused. Forty-eight hours after injury, the thicknesses of the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were measured in all groups. Moreover, the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end-labeled [TUNEL (+)] cells and caspase-3 (+) cells in both INL and ONL were evaluated in all groups. Results: The administration of quercetin was found to reduce the thinning of all retinal layers. The mean thickness of INL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 21 ± 5.6 µm and 16 ± 6.4 µm, respectively (P<0.05). Similarly, the mean thickness of ONL in the quercetin and ischemic groups was 50 ± 12.8 µm and 40 ± 8.7 µm, respectively (P<0.05). The antiapoptotic effect of quercetin in terms of reducing the numbers of both TUNEL (+) cells and caspase-3 (+) cells was significant in INL. The mean number of TUNEL (+) cells in INL in the ischemic and quercetin groups was 476.8 ± 45.6/mm2 and 238.72 ± 251/mm2, respectively (P<0.005). The mean number of caspase-3 (+) cells in INL of ischemic and quercetin groups was 633.6 ± 38.7/mm2 and 342.4 ± 36.1/mm2, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: The use of quercetin may be beneficial in the treatment of retinal I/R injury because of its antiapoptotic effect on the retinal layers, particularly in INL

Protective Effect of Hesperetin and Naringenin against Apoptosis in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Injury in Rats

Purpose. Hesperetin and naringenin are naturally common flavonoids reported to have antioxidative effects. This study was performed to investigate whether either hesperetin or naringenin has a protective effect against apoptosis on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods. Retinal I/R was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 150 mmHg for 60 minutes. Thirty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomised into 5 groups named control, I/R + sham, I/R + solvent (DMSO), I/R + hesperetin, and I/R + naringenin. Animals were given either hesperetin, naringenin, or the solvent intraperitoneally immediately following reperfusion. Thickness of retinal layers and retinal cell apoptosis were detected by histological analysis, tunel assay, and immunohistochemistry assay. Results. Hesperetin and naringenin attenuated the I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in the inner and outer nuclear cells of the rat retina. Retinal layer thickness of the naringenin treatment group was significantly thicker than that of the hesperetin, sham, and solvent groups (P<0.05). Conclusions. Hesperetin and naringenin can prevent harmful effects induced by I/R injury in the rat retina by inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells, which suggests that those flavanones have a therapeutic potential for the protection of ocular ischemic diseases

The effect of renin-angiotensin blockers on COVID-19 related mortality: A tertiary center's experience

Background: The first reports on coronaviruse disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed an exaggerated mortality rate in hypertensive patients. In this regard, concerns about angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors’ and angiotensin-receptor blockers’ (ARBs) have been aroused. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the potential bad outcome effect of hypertension and anti-hypertensive therapy on COVID-19. Methods: 183 patients with polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-proven COVID-19, who were admitted to our hospital and consulted to cardiology department between 15th of March and 15th of April 2020 were included. Data were recruited from hospital records. Results: Thirty-two out of 183 patients with COVID-19 died in hospital. Hypertension incidence was not statistically different between patients who survived and died (76 [50.3%] vs 19 [59.4%, p = 0.352]). Although the usage rate of ACEI were similar among groups, ARB usage rate was significantly higher in patients who died than survived (11 [34.4%] vs 23 [15.2%], p = 0.011). Binary regression analysis showed an association between ARBs and mortality (OR: 0.032, 95% CI 1.045–2.623, p = 0.032). Conclusion: Our study confirmed previous concerns regarding a potential harmful effects of ARBs on COVID-19 related mortality.Kontext: První zprávy o onemocnění koronavirem v roce 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) ukazovaly na zvýšenou mortalitu jedinců s hypertenzí, což vyvolalo obavy ohledně užívání inhibitorů angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu (ACEI) a blokátorů receptoru AT1 pro angiotenzin II (ARB). Cílem naší studie bylo posoudit možnost nepříznivého vlivu onemocnění covid-19 na závažnost hypertenze a účinnost antihypertenzní léčby. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 prokázaným PCR testem, kteří byli v období od 15. března do 15. dubna 2020 přijati do naší nemocnice a následně odesláni na kardiologickou kliniku. Údaje byly získány z nemocničních záznamů. Výsledky: Celkem 32 ze 183 pacientů s onemocněním covid-19 zemřelo v nemocnici. Incidence hypertenze se mezi pacienty, kteří přežili a zemřeli, statisticky významně nelišila (76 [50,3 %] vs. 19 [59,4 %]; p = 0,352). I když podíly pacientů užívajících inhibitory ACE byly v obou skupinách podobné, léčiva ze skupiny ARB užívalo statisticky významně více pacientů, kteří zemřeli, než těch, kteří přežili (11 [34,4 %] vs. 23 [15,2 %]; p = 0,011). Binární regresní analýza prokázala souvislost mezi užíváním ARB a mortalitou (OR: 0,032; 95% CI 1,045–2,623; p = 0,032). Závěr: Naše studie potvrdila původní obavy týkající se možných škodlivých účinků lékové skupiny ARB na mortalitu v souvislosti v onemocněním covid-19

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

The Level of Damage Caused by Football Matches on Players

Futbol, &uuml;st d&uuml;zey dayanıklılık, kuvvet, esneklik, s&uuml;rat, &ccedil;abukluk gibi sportif performans gerektiren bir takım sporudur. Futbol oyuncusu ma&ccedil; s&uuml;resince sprint ve orta şiddet koşularda dahil yaklaşık 10-12000 metre koşmaktadır. Bu &ccedil;alışma da, Futbol ma&ccedil;ının sporcular &uuml;zerinde yol a&ccedil;tığı kas hasarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. &nbsp;&Ccedil;alışmaya; B&ouml;lgesel liglerde oynayan, yaş ortalamaları 22.01&plusmn;0.63 (yıl), ağırlık ortalamaları 71.06&plusmn;1.50 (kg) ve boy ortalamaları 177.67&plusmn;0,06 (cm), Beden K&uuml;tle İndeksleri 22.42&plusmn;0.39 (kg)/[boy(m2)], Spor yaşları 8.50&plusmn;0.49 yıl olan erkek futbolcular dahil edildi. Araştırma kapsamında deneklerden; Ma&ccedil; &ouml;ncesi, Ma&ccedil; arasında, Ma&ccedil;tan hemen sonra, Ma&ccedil;tan 24 saat sonra olmak &uuml;zere 4 kez ve her seferde 5 cc olacak şekilde kan alındı.&nbsp; Alınan kan &ouml;rneklerinde Kreatin Kinaz (CK), Kreatin Kinaz Miyokardiyal Bant (CKMB), Laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), Alaninaminotransferaz (ALT), Aspartataminotransferaz (AST) ve Gama-Glutamil Transferaz (GGT) parametreleri incelendi. İncelenen Kreatin Kinaz Miyokardiyal Bant ve Laktat dehidrogenaz parametreleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar (p&lt;0.05) bulunurken, Kreatin Kinaz, Alaninaminotransferaz, Aspartataminotransferaz, Gama-Glutamil Transferaz &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;mleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık (p&lt;0.05) tespit edilemedi. T&uuml;m değişkenlerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri yapıldıktan sonra &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;m zamanının impedans ve reaktans &uuml;zerine etkisi Tekrarlı &Ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;mlerde ANOVA ile test edildi. F&rsquo;in anlamlı &ccedil;ıktığı durumlarda farkların hangi zamanlarda oluştuğu Bonferroni &ccedil;oklu karşılaştırma testi ile belirlendi. Yanılma d&uuml;zeyi p&lt;0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Sonu&ccedil; olarak, Futbol ma&ccedil;ının Kreatin Kinaz Miyokardiyal Bant ve Laktat dehidrogenaz enzim değerlerini y&uuml;kseltirken 24 saatlik dinlenme ile bu y&uuml;kselmenin giderildiği belirlenmiştir. Ma&ccedil;ın Kreatin Kinaz, Alaninaminotransferaz, Aspartataminotransferaz ve Gama-Glutamil Transferaz parametrelerinde ise anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturmadığı, sporcuların m&uuml;sabaka sırasında oluşan enzim değişikliklerine karşı uyum sağladığı s&ouml;ylenebilir. &nbsp; Anahtar Kelimeler: Futbol Ma&ccedil;ı, Kas Hasarı, Enzim, Antrenman. &nbsp; Football is a team game requiring high level of athletic performance such as resistance, strength, flexibility, speed and promptness. The goal of this study is to determine the level of muscle damages of players caused by football matches. The study enrolled male football players of the local leagues, whose age, weight and height averages, body-mass indexes, and sport ages were 22.01&plusmn;0.63 (years), 71.06&plusmn;1.50 (kg), 177.67&plusmn;0,06 (cm), 22.42&plusmn;0.39 (kg)/[weight(m2)], 8.50&plusmn;0.49 years, respectively. Within the scope of the &nbsp;study, blood samples have been taken from the subjects at the amount of 5 cc each time for 4 times as &ldquo;Before the Match&rdquo;, &ldquo;During the Match&rdquo;, &ldquo;After the Match&rdquo; and &ldquo;24 Hours After the Match&rdquo;. Over the blood samples, Creatine Kinase, Creatine Kinase Myocardinal Band, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alanin aminotransferase, Aspartat aminotransferase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase parameters have been analyzed. While statistical differences have been observed between Creatine Kinase Myocardinal Band and Lactate Dehydrogenase parameters, no statistical difference has been identified among the measurements of Creatine Kinase, Alaniamnotransferase, Apartaminotransferase and Gamma Glutamil Transferase. In conclusion, when all data are evaluated together, it can be claimed that while a football match increases the enzyme values of Creatine Kinase Myocardinal Band and Lactate Dehydrogenase, it can be overcome with 24 hours of resting and no statistical difference occurs among Creatine Kinase, Alaninaminotransferase, Apartaminotransferase, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase parameters and players adapt to the occurring damage during the match as a result of adaptation to the exercise. &nbsp; Key Words: Football Match, Muscle Damage, Enzyme, Training.</p

THE EFFECT OF BASIC MOVEMENT TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FITNESS PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 6-11 yaş erkek otizmli çocuklara 12 hafta süreyle uygulanan temel hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya, yaşları 6 ile 11 yaş arasında bulunan, yaş ortalamaları 7,331,50, boy ortalamaları 135,224,16 ve kilo ortalamaları 37,334,04 olan toplam 9 erkek çocuk katılmıştır. Hareket eğitiminin etkisini belirlemek için Eurofit Test Bataryası kullanılarak, dikey sıçrama, durarak uzun atlama, squat, şınav, reaksiyon zamanı, denge ve esneklik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 21 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Ön test ve son test arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesinde paired t testi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan bağımlı t testi sonuçlarına göre, durarak uzun atlama, esneklik ve dikey sıçrama değişkenleri bakımından ön-test ve son-test arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılık bulunmuştur (p0.01). Squat ve şınav değişkenleri bakımından ön-test ve son-test arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık bulunmuştur (p0.05). Reaksiyon zamanı ve denge değişkenleri bakımından ön-test son-test arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p0.05). Sonuç olarak, düzenli periyotlarla uygulanan hareket eğitiminin 6-11 yaş otizmli çocuklarda fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerini anlamlı düzeyde geliştirdiği görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of basic movement training on physical fitness parameters of boys aged 6-11 years with autism. A total of 9 boys aged between 6 and 11 years, with a mean age of 7,33 1,50, with a mean height of 135,22 4,16, and a mean weight of 37,33 4,04 were participated in the study. Vertical jump, standing long jump, squat, push-up, reaction time, balance and elasticity tests were applied to investigate the effect of movement training. SPSS 21 package program was used to evaluate the data. Paired t test was used to determine the difference between pretest and posttest. According to the results of the dependent t test, statistically very significant difference has been found between the pre- and post-training in terms of standing long jump, flexibility and vertical jump variables (p0.01). In terms of squat and push-up variables, significant difference has been found between before and after (p0.05). In point of reaction time and balance variables, no significant difference has been found between before and after (p0.05). As a result, it is thought that the movement training performed at regular periods significantly improved the physical fitness parameters in 6-11 years old boys with autism

Researching the Effects of Ellagic Acid on Depletion Exercise

WOS: 000462168100002Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exhaustion exercise causes endothelial damage and to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on this potential damage. Methods and Materials: The study was carried out on 32 male and adult Spraque - Dawley rats at Experimental Animal Research and Research Center of Afyon Kocatepe University. The experimental animals were equally divided into four groups. Swimming exercises will be performed as acute exercises for once and experimental animals are made to swim in groups including two rats following the completion of the study and before the decapitation. At the end of procedures that last for four weeks, total oxidant (TOS), total antioxidant (TAS), nitric oxide (NO) and Asymmetric dimethyl Arginine (ADMA), TNF alpha, INF gamma and IL6 plasma and tissue levels was assayed from the blood samples to be taken from experimental animals with decapitation. Results: The data obtained as a result of the studies were evaluated by using SPSS 20.0 statistical program. Endothelial damage markers and cytokine levels were significantly (p<0,05) increased in swimming groups and ellagic acid significantly (p<0,05) decreased these parameters. Conclusion: Ellagic acid may have protective effect against damage that may occur during exhaustion exercise.USAK BAP Project [2015MF/010]The author wishes to thank Usak University, Scientific Research Coordination Division (USAK-BAP) for contribution to this research. This study was carried out within the USAK BAP Project No: 2015MF/010

Simplified Technique for Sealing Corneal Perforations Using a Fibrin Glue-Assisted Amniotic Membrane Transplant-Plug

Purpose. To describe a surgical technique using amniotic membrane transplant (AMT) with fibrin glue (FG) for treating smaller corneal perforations more practically and appropriately filling the defect. Method. A patient with noninfectious central corneal perforation, in 1 mm in diameter, was treated with FG-assisted AMT-plug. An AMT was folded in on itself twice by using FG then a small piece of this FG-AMT mixture was cut to maintain an appropriate plug for the site of the corneal perforation. The FG-assisted AMT-plug was placed in the perforation area by using FG. An amniotic membrane patch was placed over the plug, which was then secured by a bandage contact lens. Result. Surgery to restore corneal stromal thickness without recurrence of perforation. Conclusion. The FG-assisted AMT-plug allowed a successful repair of 1 mm in diameter corneal perforation. This technique was easily performed, thus seeming to be a good alternative to treat corneal perforations with restoring corneal thickness