Repeating Patterns of Mimicry

Axel Meyer discusses how evolution frequently converges on similar mimetic patterns in different species

Coincidence of Myerson allocation rule with Shapley value

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This thesis studies the coincidence of the Myerson allocation rule in the context of networks with the Shapley value in the context of transferable utility games. We start with a value function defined on networks and derive a transferable utility game from that. We show that without any restrictions on the value function, Myerson allocation rule may not lead to the same payoff vector as the Shapley value of the derived TU game for any network. Under the assumption of monotonicity of the value function, we show the existence of such coincidence and examine the relation of the set of networks satisfying this coincidence to the set of pairwise stable and strongly stable networks. Next, we propose a new stability notion and examine the coincidence of the two vectors under this stability notion. Finally an alternative allocation rule is introduced whose payoff vector coincide with the Shapley value of the derived transferable utility game on the set of efficient networks which coincides with the set of strongly stable networks under this allocation rule.Kapan, TümerM.S

Treatment and follow-up results of children with electrical burn who observed in burn intensive care unit

Electrical burns are infrequent relative to other injuries, but they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess management and follow-up results of pediatric patients’ who observed in intensive care unit and also review the precautions for preventing electrical burns.Materials and methods: Totally 22 patients aged under 17 years who were observed in the burn intensive care unit of Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital during the period between July 2009-October 2010. Cases were investigated retrospectively. The patients’ age, gender, total burn surface area, length of stay in hospital, musculo-skeletal system complication, cardiovascular system complication, kidney damage and attempts were recorded.Results: Of the 22 cases, 19 (86.3%) were male and 3 (13.7%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 11.5 years. In 10 (45.4%) children burns were occurred in workplace and working area and 12 (54.6%) were occurred in the home environment. Depth of burns were third degree in 10 (45.4%) children and second degree in 12 (54.6%). The mean percentage of burn surface area was 25.9%. The mean length of stay in hospital was 17 days. Debridement and grafting were performed to 12 (54.6%) cases and 10 (45.4%) children were treated with dressings. No patient had increased creatinine kinase levels, oliguria, myoglobuinuria and arrhythmia. The mean hospitalization time was 17 days.Conclusion: Nearly half of patients underwent debridement plus grafting. None of our patients developed renal failure other severe system dysfunction

Unusual Noncommunicating Isolated Enteric Duplication Cyst in Adults

Duplication cysts are rare gastrointestinal congenital abnormalities and can occur anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Duplication cysts are firmly attached to or share the wall of the alimentary tract and have a common blood supply with the adjacent segment of the bowel. Completely isolated duplication cysts are an extremely rare variety of gastrointestinal duplications with their own exclusive blood supply, and they do not communicate with the intestine. These cysts are usually diagnosed during early childhood, and very rarely detected in adults, mostly incidentally, due to a lack of symptoms. A 28-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of lower abdominal pain and distention and a palpable mass for 1 month. Based upon computed tomography and sonographic findings, a small bowel duplication cyst was tentatively diagnosed. The cyst had no connection to the gastrointestinal tract. Herein we report the case of a noncommunicating isolated ileal duplication cyst in an adult. Resection of the cyst was performed safely without requiring bowel resection

ENVIRONMENTAL CARE

One of the problems faced by the people of Sijambi village is the increasing production of waste, especially organic waste. The problem of piles of garbage in the final disposal site is increasing day by day and the area is no longer available. Alternative waste management to help the government deal with this problem is the recycling process. One of the household waste that comes from the rest of the fruit and vegetables can be recycled to become Eco enzyme liquid. Processing organic waste into Eco enzyme is the result of research conducted by Dr. Rasukon Poompanvong from Thailand. Eco enzymes are the result of fermenting organic waste such as the pulp of fruits and vegetables, molasses (sugar) and water. In addition to reducing household waste, eco-enzyme liquid can make the growth and development of the plants grown better. So that productivity results can increase. With this program, it is hoped that the community can process the remaining organic waste into eco-enzymes like this in a sustainable manner. These service activities as well as KKN include: normalization of drainage channels, making good cage designs for livestock, training on making photosynthetic bacteria as organic fertilizer and socializing the introduction of the Asahan University campus. The above activities are carried out to increase the knowledge and skills of the people of Sijambi Village, especially in developing village potential by creating organic fertilizers that can increase the productivity of their plantation products. In addition, it also provides public knowledge about the shape and size of the ideal cage for livestock. It also raises public awareness of the importance of maintaining clean drainage. Mandatory outputs from this activity include: reports on the results of community service activities, scientific articles in community service journals, publications in mass media (electronic) and activity videos published on YouTube. Keywords : Eco enzyme, drainage channel, cattle pen, photosynthetic bacteria

Splenectomy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Analysis of 109 cases

Objectives: Splenectomy is performed in order to provide the treatment in the patients with severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, refractory to medical treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the postoperatif and longterm outcomes in the patients who underwent splenectomy with the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.Materials and Methods: Between 2001-2010 at Dicle University Medical Faculty, General Surgery Department, a retrospective review of the 109 patients who had undergone splenectomy for ITP was reviewed. Age, gender, presence of accessory spleens and location, duration of the operation, number of preoperative platelet tranfusion, number of preoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, long-term outcomes, morbidity and mortality were recorded.Results: The mean age was 37.10 ± 16.62 (16-72), and there were 88 (80.7%) female and 21 (19.3%) male patients. The mean operation time was 44.87 ± 10:32 (30-120) minutes. The average postoperative blood and preoperative platelet transfusion were 1.63 ± 0.85 (0-3) and 2.01 ± 0.71 (1-3) units, respectively. The accessory spleens were encountered in 20 (18.3%) patients at the ultrasonographic examination. And also the accessory spleens were encountered in 23 (21.1%) patients during operation and confirmed with histopathologic examination. The most common localization of accessory spleens were splenic hilus. The postoperative complications were occurred in 16 patients (14.7%) and the most complication was atelectasia. The mean length of hospital stay was 4:56 ± 2:45 (2-12) days. Patients were followed for an average of 28 (9-48) months. At the follow-up period, 1 (0.9 %) patient had died.Conclusion: Splenectomy can be performed safely in the treatment of the patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura unresponsive to medical treatment. Long-term good results can be obtained with splenectomy in these patients. The accessory spleens should not be overlooked to prevent recurrences

The response of benthic foraminifer, ostracod and mollusc assemblages to environmental conditions: a case study from the Camalti Saltpan (Izmir-Western Turkey)

The subject of this report is benthic foraminifer populations preserved in the saltpan of Camalti in the Province of Izmir. High salinity in certain habitats of Ammonia tepida Cushman may be the primary cause of the high rate of twins and triplets as well as other morphological abnormalities recorded within this species (50 % as compared to an anomaly rate of 1 % in normal marine waters). Thicker cyst membrane developing in extremely saline environments may encourage twins and other morphological deformities by denying free movement of the offspring. Ecological factors such as heavy metal contamination of ambient waters as well as contamination by other wastes are also not ruled out as leading to such developmental anomalies. Of the 27 collected samples, Number 5 (that is closest to the sea) includes the typical marine foraminifers. Nonion depressulum (Walker & Jacob), Ammonia tepida Cushman and Porosononion subgronosum(Egger) are the dominant species in other samples. A total of 63 abnormal individuals (8 triplets, 24 twins, and 31 morphological anomalies) was found within seven of the 27 samples collected. Ten samples contained freshwater ostracods: Darwinula stevensoni(Brady and Robertson), Leptocythere lacertosa Hirschmann, Cyprideis torasa (Jones), Cyprideis (C.) anatolica Bassiouni, and Loxochoncha elliptica Brady. Among these samples (some of which contained only a few species of ostracods - and those limited in number of offspring), one had an unusually high ratio of healthy foraminifers vs those with anomalies. Worthy of note in another sample was a high abundance of molluscs. Among pelecypods, were found Ostrea edulis Linné, Lucinella divaricata (Linné), Pseudocama gryphina Lamarck,Cerastoderma edule (Linné), and Scrobicularia plana da Costa; and among gastropods were identified Hydrobi (Hydrobia) acuta(Draparnaud), Rissoa labiosa (Montagu), R. parva (da Costa), R. violacea Desmarest, Pirenella conica (Blainville), Bittium desayesi(Cerulli and Irelli), B. lacteum Philippi and B. reticulatum Philippi

Fine-Tuning NER with spaCy for Transliterated Entities Found in Digital Collections From the Multilingual Persian Gulf

Text recognition technologies increase access to global archives and make possible their computational study using techniques such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). In this paper, we present an approach to extracting a variety of named entities (NE) in unstructured historical datasets from open digital collections dealing with a space of informal British empire: the Persian Gulf region. The sources are largely concerned with people, places and tribes as well as economic and diplomatic transactions in the region. Since models in state-of-the-art NER systems function with limited tag sets and are generally trained on English-language media, they struggle to capture entities of interest to the historian and do not perform well with entities transliterated from other languages. We build custom spaCy-based NER models trained on domain-specific annotated datasets. We also extend the set of named entity labels provided by spaCy and focus on detecting entities of non-Western origin, particularly from Arabic and Farsi. We test and compare performance of the blank, pre-trained and merged spaCy-based models, suggesting further improvements. Our study makes an intervention into thinking beyond Western notions of the entity in digital historical research by creating more inclusive models using non-metropolitan corpora in English