Fundamental representations and algebraic properties of biquaternions or complexified quaternions

The fundamental properties of biquaternions (complexified quaternions) are presented including several different representations, some of them new, and definitions of fundamental operations such as the scalar and vector parts, conjugates, semi-norms, polar forms, and inner and outer products. The notation is consistent throughout, even between representations, providing a clear account of the many ways in which the component parts of a biquaternion may be manipulated algebraically

Abnormal Myocardial Contractility After Pediatric Heart Transplantation by Cardiac MRI

Cardiolog

Filtering and Tracking with Trinion-Valued Adaptive Algorithms

A new model for three-dimensional processes based on the trinion algebra is introduced for the first time. Compared with the pure quaternion model, the trinion model is more compact and computationally more efficient, while having similar or comparable performance in terms of adaptive linear filtering. Moreover, the trinion model can effectively represent the general relationship of state evolution in Kalman filtering, where the pure quaternion model fails. Simulations on real-world wind recordings and synthetic data sets are provided to demonstrate the potentials of this new modeling method

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Plasma levels of imipramine in depression: Environmental and genetic factors

On the basis of tentative evidence obtained with 26 patients with unipolar affective illness, the variability in the response to imipramine is mostly due to interindividual differences in hydroxylating microsomal enzymes which are genetically controlled but whose activities are subject to modification by environmental factors such as overall pharmacological exposure and tobacco smoking. Additional significant pharmacodynamic variability (twofold) was found in the range of the volumes of distribution of imipramine in the patients. Clinical outcome was unequivocally related to plasma level. Unipolar nondelu- sional patients with levels less than 180 ng/ml had a low probability of recovery, while levels above 180 ng/ml were associated with a high probability of recovery. Unlike the findings of investigators working with nortriptyline, our data do not suggest an upper limit on plasma levels beyond which clinical response deteriorates. It appears that, on the basis of family studies, similar genetic properties lead to imipramine response among unipolar depressives. Whether the genetic characteristics are related to the ones controlling the pharmacodynamics will be the subject of further examination in our continuing studies. © 1976 S. Karger AG, Basel.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe