Carbon and nitrogen accumulation in forest floor and surface soil under different geographic origins of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) plantations

Aim of study : To determine if plantations consisting of different geographic origins of the Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton.) could have altered C and N stocks in the forest floor and surface soils.Area of study : Forest floor and mineral soil C and N stocks were measured in four adjacent plantations of different geographic origins of Maritime pine (Gironde, Toulon, Corsica and Spain) and adjacent primary native Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) at Burunsuz region in Belgrad Forest where is located in the Istanbul province in the Marmara geographical region between 41°09' -41°12' N latitude and 28°54' - 29°00' E longitude in Turkey.Material and Methods : Plots were compared as common garden experiments without replications. 15 surface soil (0-10 cm) and 15 forest floor samples were taken from each Maritime pine origins and adjacent native Sessile oak forest. C and N contents were determined on LECO Truspec 2000 CN analyzer. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).Research highlights : Forest floor carbon mass, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen mass of forest floor showed a significant difference among origins. Soil carbon mass and nitrogen mass did not significantly differ among investigated plots.Keywords: carbon sequestration; C/N ratio; decomposition; exotic; tree provenance.</p

Oriented posets, Rank Matrices and q-deformed Markov Numbers

We define \emph{oriented posets} with correpsonding \emph{rank matrices}, where linking two posets by an edge corresponds to matrix multiplication. In particular, linking chains via this method gives us fence posets, and taking traces gives us circular fence posets. As an application, we give a combinatorial model for q-deformed Markov numbers. We also resolve a conjecture of Leclere and Morier-Genoud and give several identities between circular rank polynomials.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

A Fuzzy Rule Based Approach to Geographic Classification of Virgin Olive Oil Using T-Operators

Olive oil is an important agricultural food product. Especially, protected designation of origin (PDO) and protected geographic indications (PGI) are useful to protect the intellectual property rights of the consumers and producers. For this reason, the importance of the geographic classification increases to trace geographical indications. This chapter suggests a geographical classification system for the virgin olive oils. This system is formed on chemical parameters. These parameters include fuzziness. Novel proposed system constructs the rules by using fuzzy decision tree algorithm. It produces rules over fuzzy ID3 algorithm. It uses fuzzy entropy on the fuzzified data. The reasoning procedure depends on weighted rule-based system and is adapted into the fuzzy reasoning handled with different T-operators. Fuzzification is performed with fuzzy c-means algorithm for the olive oil data set. The cluster numbers of each variable are selected based on partition coefficient validity criteria. The model is examined by using different decision tree approaches (C4.5 and standard version fuzzy ID3 algorithm) and FID3 reasoning method with eight different T-operators. Also, the conclusions are supported by statistical analysis. Experimental results support that the weights have important manner on fuzzy reasoning method for the geographic classification system

Determination of Accase Inhibitor Herbicide Resistance of Wild Oats (Avena Spp.) in Wheat Planting Areas in Northern Districts of Kahramanmaraş

DergiPark: 798353tujesBu çalışma, Kahramanmaraş Göksun, Afşin ve Elbistan ilçelerindeki buğday ekim alanlarında Accase inhibitörü herbisitlere karşı dayanıklılık durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla 2015-2016 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bölgede 2015-2016 yıllarında yapılan surveylerde Avena spp. tohumları 25 farklı ekim alanından ve karşılaştırma amacıyla herbisit uygulanmayan tarla kenarlarından toplanmıştır. Tohumlar paçal yapılarak küvetlere ekilmiş ve dayanıklı (R) ve duyarlı (S) populasyonlarını tespit etmek amacıyla screen tarama testi ile testlenmiştir. 2-5 yapraklı dönemlerinde clodinafop-propargyl’in uygulama dozu olan 20 ml/da 4 tekerrürülü olarak uygulanmış ve 28. günde bitkilerin tamamının canlılıklarını devam ettiremediği gözlemlenmiş olup Clodinafop propargyl’e karşı duyarlı (S) olduğu belirlenmiştir

Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System for Elections in Turkey

Traditional elections satisfy neither citizens nor political authorities in recent years. They are not fully secure since it is easy to attack votes. It threatens also privacy and transparency of voters. Additionally, it takes too much time to count the votes. This paper proposes a solution using Blockchain to eliminate all the disadvantages of conventional elections. Security and data integrity of votes are absolutely provided theoretically. Voter privacy is another requirement that is ensured in the system. Lastly, the waiting time for results decreased significantly in the proposed Blockchain voting system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, IEEE styl