An Efficient Numerical Scheme for Simulating Particle Acceleration in Evolving Cosmic-Ray Modified Shocks

We have developed a new, very efficient numerical scheme to solve the CR diffusion convection equation that can be applied to the study of the nonlinear time evolution of CR modified shocks for arbitrary spatial diffusion properties. The efficiency of the scheme derives from its use of coarse-grained finite momentum volumes. This approach has enabled us, using $\sim 10 - 20$ momentum bins spanning nine orders of magnitude in momentum, to carry out simulations that agree well with results from simulations of modified shocks carried out with our conventional finite difference scheme requiring more than an order of magnitude more momentum points. The coarse-grained, CGMV scheme reduces execution times by a factor approximately half the ratio of momentum bins used in the two methods. Depending on the momentum dependence of the diffusion, additional economies in required spatial and time resolution can be utilized in the CGMV scheme, as well. These allow a computational speed-up of at least an order of magnitude in some cases.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics; 19 pages and 5 figure

Individuating Faces and Common Objects Produces Equal Responses in Putative Face-Processing Areas in the Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex

Controversy surrounds the proposal that specific human cortical regions in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, commonly called the fusiform face area (FFA) and occipital face area (OFA), are specialized for face processing. Here, we present findings from an fMRI study of identity discrimination of faces and objects that demonstrates the FFA and OFA are equally responsive to processing stimuli at the level of individuals (i.e., individuation), be they human faces or non-face objects. The FFA and OFA were defined via a passive viewing task as regions that produced greater activation to faces relative to non-face stimuli within the middle fusiform gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus. In the individuation task, participants judged whether sequentially presented images of faces, diverse objects, or wristwatches depicted the identical or a different exemplar. All three stimulus types produced equivalent BOLD activation within the FFA and OFA; that is, there was no face-specific or face-preferential processing. Critically, individuation processing did not eliminate an object superiority effect relative to faces within a region more closely linked to object processing in the lateral occipital complex (LOC), suggesting that individuation processes are reasonably specific to the FFA and OFA. Taken together, these findings challenge the prevailing view that the FFA and OFA are face-specific processing regions, demonstrating instead that they function to individuate – i.e., identify specific individuals – within a category. These findings have significant implications for understanding the function of brain regions widely believed to play an important role in social cognition

Dynamically Altering Clock Signal Frequencies in LTPO AMOLED Displays

This publication describes systems and techniques for dynamically altering clock signal frequencies in low-temperature polysilicon metal oxide (LTPO) active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. In an aspect, a display manager may identify a refresh rate implemented by an operating system of an electronic device, as well as a use case enacted by a user. As a result of the identification, the display manager can implement a suitable clock signal frequency for self-refresh operations. By dynamically altering clock signal frequencies, the display manager can reduce the number of transactions (e.g., passing high signals, passing low signals) in display panel circuitry associated with self-refresh operations. In so doing, the display manager can dynamically alter clock signal frequencies in LTPO AMOLED displays to reduce power consumption without degrading user experience

The Alignment between Satellites and Central Galaxies: Theory vs. Observations

Recent studies have shown that the distribution of satellite galaxies is preferentially aligned with the major axis of their central galaxy. The strength of this alignment has been found to depend strongly on the colours of the satellite and central galaxies, and only weakly on the mass of the halo in which the galaxies reside. In this paper we study whether these alignment signals, and their dependence on galaxy and halo properties, can be reproduced in a hierarchical structure formation model of a $\Lambda$CDM concordance cosmology. To that extent we use a large $N$-body simulation which we populate with galaxies following a semi-analytical model for galaxy formation. We find that if the orientation of the central galaxy is perfectly aligned with that of its dark matter halo, then the predicted central-satellite alignment signal is much stronger than observed. If, however, the minor axis of a central galaxy is perfectly aligned with the angular momentum vector of its dark matter halo, we can accurately reproduce the observed alignment strength as function of halo mass and galaxy color. Although this suggests that the orientation of central galaxies is governed by the angular momentum of their dark matter haloes, we emphasize that any other scenario in which the minor axes of central galaxy and halo are misaligned by $\sim 40^{\circ}$ (on average) will match the data equally well. Finally, we show that dependence of the alignment strength on the color of the central galaxy is most likely an artefact due to interlopers in the group catalogue. The dependence on the color of the satellite galaxies, on the other hand, is real and owes to the fact that red satellites are associated with subhaloes that were more massive at their time of accretion.Comment: 13 Pages, 10 Figures, one figure replaced. added in discussion about comparison with others results, Updated version to match accepted version to MNRA

Towards Syntactic Approximate Matching - A Pre-Processing Experiment

Over the past few years the popularity of approximate matching algorithms (a.k.a. fuzzy hashing) has increased. Especially within the area of bytewise approximate matching, several algorithms were published, tested and improved. It has been shown that these algorithms are powerful, however they are sometimes too precise for real world investigations. That is, even very small commonalities (e.g., in the header of a le) can cause a match. While this is a desired property, it may also lead to unwanted results. In this paper we show that by using simple pre-processing, we signicantly can in uence the outcome. Although our test set is based on text-based le types (cause of an easy processing), this technique can be used for other, well-documented types as well. Our results show, that it can be benecial to focus on the content of les only (depending on the use-case). While for this experiment we utilized text les, Additionally, we present a small, self-created dataset that can be used in the future for approximate matching algorithms since it is labeled (we know which les are similar and how)

Light-Guiding Structure For Under-Display Sensor Modules

This publication describes techniques and apparatuses for the use of a light-guiding structure to route electromagnetic signals emitted by an under-display sensor module to a bezel area of a mobile device for transmission and, likewise, route electromagnetic signals received in a bezel area to an under-display sensor module. In aspects, the light-guiding structure is a light guide plate, a curved light-guiding body, or optical fibers. The techniques and apparatuses provide increased efficiency of under-display sensor modules by avoiding signal loss caused by eliminating the need to transmit and receive electrical signals through the display panel structure of a display panel module

Towards Syntactic Approximate Matching-A Pre-Processing Experiment

Over the past few years, the popularity of approximate matching algorithms (a.k.a. fuzzy hashing) has increased. Especially within the area of bytewise approximate matching, several algorithms were published, tested, and improved. It has been shown that these algorithms are powerful, however they are sometimes too precise for real world investigations. That is, even very small commonalities (e.g., in the header of a file) can cause a match. While this is a desired property, it may also lead to unwanted results. In this paper, we show that by using simple pre-processing, we significantly can influence the outcome. Although our test set is based on text-based file types (cause of an easy processing), this technique can be used for other, well-documented types as well. Our results show that it can be beneficial to focus on the content of files only (depending on the use-case). While for this experiment we utilized text files, additionally, we present a small, self-created dataset that can be used in the future for approximate matching algorithms since it is labeled (we know which files are similar and how)

New Cyclic Voltammetry Method for Examining Phase Transitions: Simulated Results

We propose a new experimental technique for cyclic voltammetry, based on the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method for analysis of systems undergoing hysteresis. The advantages of this electrochemical FORC (EC-FORC) technique are demonstrated by applying it to dynamical models of electrochemical adsorption. The method can not only differentiate between discontinuous and continuous phase transitions, but can also quite accurately recover equilibrium behavior from dynamic analysis of systems with a continuous phase transition. Experimental data for EC-FORC analysis could easily be obtained by simple reprogramming of a potentiostat designed for conventional cyclic-voltammetry experiments.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, changes in title, abstract and figure

Performance Testing and Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Motor Utilizing Dual-phase Magnetic Material

While interior permanent magnet (1PM) machines have been considered the state-of-the art for traction motors, synchronous reluctance (SynRel) motors with advanced materials can provide a competitive alternative. 1PM machines typically utilize Neodymium 1ron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, which pose an issue in terms of price, sustainability, demagnetization at higher operating temperatures, and uncontrolled generation. On the other hand, SynRel machines do not contain any magnets and are free from these issues. However, the absence of magnets as well the presence of bridges and centerposts limit the flux-weakening capability of a SynRel machine and limit the achievable constant power speed ratio (CPSR) without having to significantly oversize the machine and/or the power converter. 1n this paper, a new material referred to as the dual-phase magnetic material where nonmagnetic regions can be selectively introduced within each lamination will be evaluated for SynRel designs. The dual-phase feature of this material enables non-magnetic bridges and posts, eliminating one of the key limitations of the SynRel designs in terms of torque density and flux-weakening. This paper will present, the design, analysis and test results of an advanced proof-of-concept SynRel design utilizing dual-phase material with traction applications as the ultimate target application