The associations between dairy product consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, adipocytokines, and oxidative stress in children: a cross-sectional study

The association between dairy product consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, adipocytokines, and oxidative stress is poorly studied in children. Therefore, these associations were examined in a representative subsample of 1338 schoolchildren with a mean age of 11.5 (±0.7) years in the Healthy Growth Study. Information on dairy product consumption was collected by dietary recalls. Total dairy consumption was calculated by summing the intake of milk, yogurt, and cheese. Inflammatory markers, i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adipocytokines, i.e., leptin, adiponectin, and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analysed. Due to the skewed distribution hs-CRP, IL-6, and leptin were log transformed. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity, parental education, Tanner stage, and fat mass were used to assess the associations between consumption of total dairy, milk, yogurt, cheese, and markers of inflammation, adipocytokines, oxidative stress, and adiponectin−leptin ratio. Our results showed that milk consumption was inversely associated with leptin (β: −0.101; 95% CI: −0.177, −0.025, p = 0.009) and positively associated with the adiponectin−leptin ratio (β: 0.116; 95% CI: 0.020, 0.211; p = 0.018), while total dairy, cheese, and yogurt consumption were not associated with inflammatory, adipocytokine, or antioxidant markers. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results

Design, implementation and assessment of a 12 month nutritional education program in postmenopausal women: changes in markers of bone metabolism and bone density

Introduction: In addition to calcium and vitamin D, recent evidence suggests that supplementation with vitamin K also seems to have a favorable role in bone metabolism and bone mass maintenance. Although supplementation of all these nutrients essential for bone metabolism is one approach in achieving adequate intakes, consumption of fortified staple foods, such as dairy products, has also been proven to be an effective approach. Additionally a small number of studies have used nutritional and lifestyle counseling programs in order to motivate subjects to make the necessary lifestyle changes for optimal effect. Moreover, there have been very few studies combining nutritional and lifestyle counseling with supplementation of essential nutrients for bone metabolism through dairy products. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study providing calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, through dairy products. Aim: The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of a nutrition and lifestyle counseling program combined with consumption of dairy products enriched with calcium, vitamin D3, and phylloquinone or menaquinone - 7. Additional aims were: a) to examine whether the combined administration of phylloquinone or menaquinone - 7 has any additional effect on bone metabolism and mineral density compared to calcium and vitamin D during the 12 months of intervention and 24 months after the end of it. b) To validate equations based on anthropometry estimating body composition that were retrieved from the literature and validate two new equations that were developed and estimate total fat mass and adipose fat mass percentage from simple anthropometric data. Methods: At the current study 115 postmenopausal women were evaluated divided to three intervention groups and one control group. All three intervention groups attended bimonthly sessions of nutritional and lifestyle counseling based on Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. Furthermore, they received fortified dairy products providing daily 800 mg of calcium and 10 μg of vitamin D3. Moreover, in the two out of three intervention groups the dairy products were also enriched with vitamin K, providing daily 100 μg either of phylloquinone or menaquinone - 7, respectively. The outcome of the 12month intervention was examined by changes in nutritional intake, physical activity and biochemical indices of bone metabolism such as parathormone, calcidiol, IGF-I, osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalsin, OPG, RANKL, PINP, MGP, pyridinoline and D - pyridinoline. Furthermore, changes in bone mineral density were examined at several anatomical sites. Twenty four months after the end of the intervention volunteers were examined whether if they maintained the beneficial nutrition, lifestyle and bone mineral density changes achieved during the intervention. Moreover, in this study, five simple models estimating fat mass were validated and two more were developed, estimating total fat mass and abdominal fat percentage, based on anthropometric data. Results: Volunteers of the three intervention groups increased calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K (for the two vitamin K supplemented group) dietary intake and physical activity (p=0.015, p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.003 respectively). The increase observed for serum 25(OH)D levels in all intervention groups and the increase observed for serum IGF-I levels in the menaquinone - 7 group were differentiating significantly compared to the changes observed in the control group (P=0.010 and P=0.028). Furthermore, both the vitamin K supplemented groups had significantly lower mean serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin to osteocalcin ratio and urine deoxypyridinoline levels at follow-up as compared to the other two groups (P=0.001 and P=0.047). Significant increases in total body BMD were observed in all intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.001), while significant increases in lumbar spine BMD were only observed for vitamin K supplemented groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). Two years after the end of the intervention BMD decreased at all sites, yet it was found to decrease less in the vitamin K supplemented groups at lumbar spine compared to the control group (P<0.003). Regarding the equations estimating body composition, more valid was find to be the model of Visser et al. The equations developed for estimating body fat mass and abdominal fat mass percentage were found to be valid in the current population. Conclusion: The current study showed that a 12 - month nutrition and lifestyle counseling program combining fortified dairy products supplementation managed to induce favorable changes in dietary quality of these women and increased the dietary intake of calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin K and physical activity. All these were shown to have a beneficial effect in biochemical indices of bone metabolism and to increase total BMD in these women. Furthermore volunteers receiving menaquinone or phylloquinone - 7 were found to have additional beneficial effect in biochemical markers and an increase in lumbar spine BMD compared to control group. Two years after the end of intervention bone mineral mass was found to have decreased less, for the vitamin K supplemented groups compared to control group at lumbar spine (L2-L4). These findings suggest additional beneficial effect of vitamin K supplementation.Εισαγωγή: Εκτός από το ασβέστιο και τη βιταμίνη D, πρόσφατες μελέτες έχουν προτείνει ότι και η συμπληρωματική χορήγηση βιταμίνης Κ μπορεί να έχει ωφέλιμη δράση στον οστικό μεταβολισμό. Επιπρόσθετα η προαγωγή ενός πιο υγιεινού τρόπου ζωής με αυξημένη φυσική δραστηριότητα και καλύτερη διατροφή μέσα από συμπεριφοριστικά προγράμματα διατροφικής συμβουλευτικής θα μπορούσε να επιδράσει θετικά στην πρόληψη της οστεοπόρωσης. Περιορισμένος αριθμός μελετών έχουν γίνει συνδυάζοντας τα παραπάνω ενώ καμία τέτοια συνδυαστική προσέγγιση δεν έχει γίνει με παράλληλη χορήγηση βιταμίνης Κ, ενώ ακαθόριστο είναι ακόμα πια είναι η πιο δραστική μορφή της. Σκοπός: Η παρούσα μελέτη απέβλεπε στον έλεγχο της αποτελεσματικότητας 12μηνης παρέμβασης που συνδύαζε συμβουλευτική σε θέματα διατροφής και τρόπου ζωής με παράλληλη χορήγηση γαλακτοκομικών προϊόντων, εμπλουτισμένων με Βιταμίνη D, ασβέστιο και Βιταμίνη Κ στην μεταβολή συμπεριφορών που σχετίζονται με την σκελετική υγεία. Επιμέρους σκοποί είναι: α) είναι η διερεύνηση κατά πόσο η συνδυασμένη χρήση φυλλοκινόνης ή μενακινόνης - 7 έχει επιπρόσθετα οφέλη στην οστική πυκνότητα σε σύγκριση μόνο με το Ασβέστιο και την Βιταμίνη D στους 12 μήνες της παρέμβασης και 24 μήνες μετά το τέλος αυτής. β) Ο έλεγχος εγκυρότητας για ήδη υπάρχουσες ανθρωπομετρικές εξισώσεις εκτίμησης σύστασης σώματος και για δύο νέες εξισώσεις που δημιουργήθηκαν και εκτιμούν το συνολικό σωματικό λίπος και το ποσοστό κοιλιακού λίπους από απλά ανθρωπομετρικά δεδομένα. Υλικό και μέθοδοι: Στην παρούσα μελέτη αξιολογήθηκαν 115 μετεμμηνοπαυσιακές γυναίκες χωρισμένες σε τρεις ομάδες παρέμβασης και μια ομάδα ελέγχου. Οι τρεις ομάδες παρακολούθησαν συμβουλευτικές συνεδρίες σε θέματα διατροφής και τρόπου ζωής που στηρίχθηκαν στο «Υπόδειγμα Πεποίθησης για την Υγεία» και στην «Κοινωνική Γνωσιακή Θεωρία». Επιπρόσθετα λάμβαναν δυο μερίδες γαλακτοκομικών προϊόντων ημερησίως για 12 μήνες, εμπλουτισμένων με 800mg ασβεστίου και 10μg Βιταμίνης D. Επιπρόσθετα οι δύο ομάδες λάμβαναν 100μg φυλλοκινόνης ή 100μg Μενακινόνης - 7 ημερησίως αντίστοιχα. Η ομάδα ελέγχου δεν συμμετείχε στις συνεδρίες και δεν έλαβε κανένα προϊόν. Ο έλεγχος της αποτελεσματικότητας της παρέμβασης έγινε με αξιολόγηση της διαιτητικής πρόσληψης, της ποιότητας διατροφής, της φυσικής δραστηριότητας, των μεταβολών σε βιοχημικούς δείκτες οστικού μεταβολισμού και των μεταβολών στην οστική πυκνότητα σε διάφορα ανατομικά σημεία. Δύο έτη μετά το τέλος της παρέμβασης έγινε επανέλεγχος μεταβολής στην οστική πυκνότητα. Από τα ανθρωπομετρικά δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν από την παρούσα μελέτη έγινε έλεγχος εγκυρότητας ανθρωπομετρικών εξισώσεων εκτίμησης σύστασης σώματος και δημιουργία δύο νέων εξισώσεων που εκτιμούν το ολικό και κοιλιακό λίπος αντίστοιχα. Αποτελέσματα: Σε διατροφικό επίπεδο παρατηρήθηκαν αυξήσεις στις προσλήψεις ασβεστίου, βιταμίνης D για όλες τις ομάδες παρέμβασης ενώ παρατηρήθηκε και αύξηση στην πρόσληψη βιταμίνης Κ για τις δύο ομάδες που την λάμβαναν (p=0,015, p=0,001, p=0,001 αντίστοιχα). Επιπρόσθετα αυξήθηκε η φυσική δραστηριότητα των εθελοντριών και στις τρεις ομάδες παρέμβασης (p=0,003). Οι αλλαγές αυτές επέφεραν αύξηση των επιπέδων βιταμίνης D ορού στις τρεις ομάδες παρέμβασης (p=0,001), αύξηση στον IGF-I ορού για την ομάδα που λάμβανε μενακινόνη - 7 (p=0,028), ελάττωση του ποσοστού υποκαρβοξυλιωμένης οστεοκαλσίνης στις δύο ομάδες που λάμβαναν φυλλοκινόνη ή μενακινόνη - 7 (p=0,001) έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου, ενώ παρατηρήθηκε και στατιστικά σημαντική μείωση στη δεοξυπιριδινολίνη ούρων για τις ομάδες που λάμβαναν βιταμίνη Κ σε σχέση με τις αρχικές τιμές. Σε επίπεδο οστικής πυκνότητας παρατηρήθηκε αύξηση στην ολική οστική πυκνότητα για τις τρεις ομάδες παρέμβασης έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου (p=0,001), και αύξηση στην οσφυϊκή μοίρα της σπονδυλικής στήλης για τις ομάδες που λάμβαναν βιταμίνη Κ έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου (p=0,001). Δύο έτη μετά το τέλος της παρέμβασης η οστική πυκνότητα βρέθηκε να έχει μειωθεί σε όλα τα ανατομικά σημεία για όλες τις ομάδες. Ωστόσο η μείωση αυτή ήταν μικρότερη στην οσφυϊκή μοίρα της σπονδυλικής στήλης για τις ομάδες που λάμβαναν βιταμίνη Κ έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου (p=0,003). Αναφορικά με τον έλεγχο των ανθρωπομετρικών εξισώσεων εκτίμησης σύστασης σώματος βρέθηκε καταλληλότερη ή εξίσωση των Visser και συν. με χρήση της εξίσωσης του Brozek και συν. Οι εξισώσεις που δημιουργήθηκαν για τον υπολογισμό σωματικού λίπους και ποσοστού κοιλιακού λίπους βρέθηκαν να αποδίδουν καλύτερα στο συγκεκριμένο πληθυσμό από αυτές που ανακτήθηκαν από τη βιβλιογραφία. Συμπέρασμα: Η παρούσα μελέτη έδειξε ότι η χρήση συμπεριφοριστικών προσεγγίσεων με στόχο την αλλαγή τρόπου ζωής συνδυαζόμενη με χρήση εμπλουτισμένων γαλακτοκομικών προϊόντων επέφερε σημαντική θετική δράση σε βιοχημικούς δείκτες οστικού μεταβολισμού και αύξηση οστικής μάζας σε επίπεδο ολικού σώματος για όλες τις ομάδες παρέμβασης. Σε δύο από τις ομάδες αυτές που δόθηκε επιπλέον φυλλοκινόνη ή μενακινόνη - 7 παρατηρήθηκαν επιπρόσθετα σημαντικά οφέλη σε δείκτες οστικού μεταβολισμού και αύξηση της οστικής μάζας στην οσφυϊκή μοίρα της σπονδυλικής στήλης στους 12 μήνες. Ενώ στα δύο χρόνια από το τέλος της παρέμβασης, σε αυτές τις δύο ομάδες, παρατηρήθηκε μικρότερη οστική απώλεια

Novel NPC1 mutations with different segregation in two related Greek patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease: molecular study in the extended pedigree and clinical correlations

International audienceAbstractBackgroundNiemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is an autosomal recessive, neurovisceral, lysosomal storage disorder with protean and progressive clinical manifestations, resulting from mutations in either of the two genes, NPC1 (~95% of families) and NPC2. Contrary to other populations, published evidence regarding NPC disease in Greece is sparse.MethodsThe study population consisted of two Greek NPC patients and their extended pedigree. Patients’ clinical, biochemical, molecular profiles and the possible correlations are presented. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Mutations’ origin was investigated through selected exonic NPC1 polymorphisms encountered more frequently in a group of 37 Greek patients with clinical suspicion of NPC disease and in a group of 90 healthy Greek individuals, by the use of Haplore software.ResultsTwo novel NPC1 mutations, [IVS23 + 3insT (c.3591 + 3insT) and p. K1057R (c.3170A > C)] were identified and each mutation was associated with a specific haplotype. One of the patients was entered to early treatment with miglustat and has presented no overt neurological impairment after 11.5 years.ConclusionsThe splicing mutation IVS23 + 3insT was associated in homozygocity with a severe biochemical and clinical phenotype. A possible founder effect for this mutation was demonstrated in the Greek Island, as well as a different origin for each novel mutation. Longitudinal follow-up may contribute to clarify the possible effect of early miglustat therapy on the patient compound heterozygous for the two novel mutations

Novel NPC1 mutations with different segregation in two related Greek patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease: molecular study in the extended pedigree and clinical correlations

Background: Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is an autosomal recessive, neurovisceral, lysosomal storage disorder with protean and progressive clinical manifestations, resulting from mutations in either of the two genes, NPC1 (similar to 95% of families) and NPC2. Contrary to other populations, published evidence regarding NPC disease in Greece is sparse. Methods: The study population consisted of two Greek NPC patients and their extended pedigree. Patients’ clinical, biochemical, molecular profiles and the possible correlations are presented. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. Mutations’ origin was investigated through selected exonic NPC1 polymorphisms encountered more frequently in a group of 37 Greek patients with clinical suspicion of NPC disease and in a group of 90 healthy Greek individuals, by the use of Haplore software. Results: Two novel NPC1 mutations, [IVS23 + 3insT (c.3591 + 3insT) and p.K1057R (c.3170A &gt; C)] were identified and each mutation was associated with a specific haplotype. One of the patients was entered to early treatment with miglustat and has presented no overt neurological impairment after 11.5 years. Conclusions: The splicing mutation IVS23 + 3insT was associated in homozygocity with a severe biochemical and clinical phenotype. A possible founder effect for this mutation was demonstrated in the Greek Island, as well as a different origin for each novel mutation. Longitudinal follow-up may contribute to clarify the possible effect of early miglustat therapy on the patient compound heterozygous for the two novel mutations

Frequency of family meals and food consumption in families at high risk of type 2 diabetes : the Feel4Diabetes-study

A family meal is defined as a meal consumed together by the members of a family or by having> 1 parent present during a meal. The frequency of family meals has been associated with healthier food intake patterns in both children and parents. This study aimed to investigate in families at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes across Europe the association (i) between family meals' frequency and food consumption and diet quality among parents and (ii) between family meals' frequency and children's food consumption. Moreover, the study aimed to elucidate the mediating effect of parental diet quality on the association between family meals' frequency and children's food consumption. Food consumption frequency and anthropometric were collected cross-sectionally from a representative sample of 1964 families from the European Feel4Diabetes-study. Regression and mediation analyses were applied by gender of children. Positive and significant associations were found between the frequency of family meals and parental food consumption (beta = 0.84; 95% CI 0.57, 1.45) and diet quality (beta = 0.30; 95% CI 0.19, 0.42). For children, more frequent family meals were significantly associated with healthier food consumption (boys, beta = 0.172, p < 0.05; girls, beta = 0.114, p< 0.01). A partial mediation effect of the parental diet quality was shown on the association between the frequency of family meals and the consumption of some selected food items (i.e., milk products and salty snacks) among boys and girls. The strongest mediation effect of parental diet quality was found on the association between the frequency of family breakfast and the consumption of salty snacks and milk and milk products (62.5% and 37.5%, respectively) among girls. Conclusions: The frequency of family meals is positively associated with improved food consumption patterns (i.e., higher intake of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of sweets) in both parents and children. However, the association in children is partially mediated by parents' diet quality. The promotion of consuming meals together in the family could be a potentially effective strategy for interventions aiming to establish and maintain healthy food consumption patterns among children