HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, STATUS PEKERJAAN DAN PENDAPATAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN PUSKESMAS DI DESA WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Pemanfaatan puskesmas adalah penggunaan puskesmas sebagai prioritas utama masyarakat ketika mencari pengobatan ataupun pelayanan kesehatan. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan puskesmas yaitu tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis hubungan tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan dan pendapatan dengan pemanfaatan puskesmas di Desa Wori Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Dilaksanakan di Desa Wori Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara pada bulan Februari – Juli 2018. Populasi berjumlah 833, sampel berjumlah 90 responden. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan metode proporsional, selanjutnya pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Alat ukur adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Fisher Exact test dengan nilai α = 0,05. Persentase responden pendidikan lanjut 44,4%, pendidikan dasar 55,6%. Persentase responden tidak bekerja 12,2%, bekerja 87,8%. Persentasi responden pendapatan tinggi 42,2%, pendapatan rendah 57,8%. Hasil uji statistik Fisher Exact test terhadap hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan pemanfaatan puskesmas diperoleh nilai p value = 0.013, terhadap hubungan status pekerjaan dan pemanfaatan puskesmas diperoleh nilai p value = 0.520, terhadap hubungan pendapatan dan pemanfaatan puskesmas diperoleh nilai p value = 0.008. Kesimpulannya terdapat hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan dengan pemanfaatan puskesmas di Desa Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan tidak terdapat hubungan status pekerjaan dengan pemanfaatan puskesmas di Desa Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Saran untuk puskesmas harus memaksimalkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan masyarakat harus melakukan pola hidup sehat dan memanfaatkan puskesmas.Kata Kunci : Pendidikan, Pekerjaan, Pendapatan, Pemanfaatan PuskemasABSTRACTUtilization of Health Center is the use of Health Center as the main priority of society when seeking treatment or health service. Several factors influencing the utilization of Health Center are education level, employment status and income. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship level of education, employment status and income utilization of Health Centers in Wori Village, Wori Subdistrict, North Minahasa District. This research use analytical survey method withapproach cross sectional. Conducted in Wori Village Wori Subdistrict, North Minahasa District in February - July 2018. Population amounted to 833, the sample amounted to 90 respondents. Determination of sample using probability sampling technique with proportional method, then sampling by simple random sampling. Measuring tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis used Fisher Exact test with α = 0,05. Percentage of respondents of continuing education 44.4%, basic education 55.6%. Percentage of respondents did not work 12.2%, worked 87.8%. Percentage of high income respondents 42.2%, low income 57.8%. The result ofstatistic Fisher Exact test toward the correlation of education level and utilization of Health Center obtained p value = 0.013, to the relationship of occupation status and utilization of Health Center obtained p value = 0.520, to the relation of income and utilization of puskesmas obtained p value = 0.008. In conclusion, there is a correlation between education and income level with utilization of Health Center in Wori village of North Minahasa regency and there is no correlation between employment status and utilization of Health Center in Wori village of North Minahasa regency. Suggestions for Health Center should maximize services to the community and the community should adopt healthy lifestyles and utilize the Health Center.Keywords: Health Center, Health Service, Income, Employment, Education

HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA ASUH IBU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI DESA TATELU KECAMATAN DIMEMBE KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Masa balita adalah masa kehidupan yang sangat penting dan perlu perhatian yang serius karena pada masa ini berlangsung proses tumbuh kembang yang sangat pesat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh ibu dengan status gizi balita di Desa Tatelu Kecamatan Dimembe Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah balita di Desa Tatelu khususnya yang berusia 6-24 bulan dengan jumlah 61 balita. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji statistik fisher’s Exact test diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap merawat dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=1.000), PB/U (p=1.000) dan BB/PB (p=1.000). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap memberi makan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=1.000), PB/U (p=0.588) dan BB/PB (p=1.000). Terdapat hubungan antara praktek merawat dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U dengan nilai p=0.001, PB/U (p=0.004), namun tidak terdapat hubungan antara praktek merawat dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/PB (p=1.000). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara praktek memberi makan dengan status gizi berdasarkaan indeks BB/U (p=0.659), terdapat hubungan antara praktek memberi makan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks PB/U (p=0.004), BB/PB (p=1.000). Kesimpulan tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap erawat anak dan sikap memberi makan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks (BB/U, PB/U dan BB/PB), terdapat hubungan antara praktek merawat dan praktek memberi makan dengan status gizi BB/U dan PB/U.Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh, Status GiziABSTRACTToddler is a very important period and needed an attention because growth period is rapid in this time. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between mother’s parenting with nutritional status of children in the Tatelu, Dimembe, North Minahasa. The research design used analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population is toddlers 6-24 months. Samples are 61 and taken with total sampling. Based on Fisher's Exact Test statistic, there is no correlation between caring attitude with nutritional status based on BB/U index (p = 1,000), PB/U (p = 1.000) and BB/PB (p = 1,000). There is no correlation between feeding attitude with nutritional status based on index of BB/U (p = 1,000), PB/U (p = 0.588) and BB/PB (p = 1,000). There is a correlation between caring practice with nutritional status based on index of BB/U with p value = 0.001, PB/U (p = 0.004), but there is no correlation between caring practice and nutritional status based on BB/PB index (p = 1,000). There is no correlation between feeding practice with nutritional status based on index of BB/U (p = 0659), there is correlation between feeding practice with nutritional status based on PB/U index (p = 0.004), BB / PB (p = 1,000). Conclusion there is no correlation between child care attitude and feeding attitude with nutritional status based on index (BB/U, PB/U and BB/PB), there is a relationship between caring practice and feeding practice with nutritional status of BB/U and PB/U.Keywords: Parenting, Nutritional Statu

Deskripsi Jenis-Jenis Kontaminan Dari Kultur Kalus Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Donnaman

Penelitian deskripsi jenis-jenis kontaminan dari kultur kalus Catharanthus roseus telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kontaminan yang terdapat pada kultur kalus C.roseus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan kultur kalus C. roseus. Kultur kalus menggunakan media MS (Murashige dan Skoog) dengan zpt 2,4 D 2 mg/L dan kinetin 0,2 mg/L. Tahap kedua dilakukan pengamatan kultur kalus yang mengalami kontaminasi. Kontaminan-kontaminan yang sama secara kasat mata dikelompokan menjadi satu kelompok. Setiap kelompok yang sama diamati lebih lanjut dibawah mikroskop. Penentuan jenis kontaminan dibandingkan dengan morfologi dari Pustaka (rujukan). Pengamatan kontaminan dilakukan mulai dari pembuatan media, inokulasi, subkultur kalus C.roseus. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan 3 botol kontaminan dari setiap kelompok. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kontaminan kultur kalus C. roseus sekitar 40 %. Jenis kontaminan yang diamati umumnya golongan jamur. Jenis-jenis kontaminan kultur kalus C. roseus adalah Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, dan Sacharomyces.Research description of the types of contaminant for cultured callus Catharanthus roseus has been done. This research aimed describe the types of contaminant found in the cultured kalus C. roseus. This research is carried out in two stages. The first stage in callus culture C. roseus using media MS (Murashige and Skoog) with zpt 2,4 D mg/L and kinetin 0,2 mg/L. The second stage in the observation of contaminated callus culture. The same of contaminants are visible into one group. Each of the same group was observed further under a microscope. Determining the types of contaminant in comparison with reference from the literature. Observation are starting from media or inoculation, subcallus culture C. roseus. Observation done by taking 3 bottles of contaminat from each group then observed for 7 days. The result obtained are culture contaminants C. roseus about 40 %. The types of contaminant observed are generally of fungi. The types of contaminant callus culture C. roseus are Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, and Sacharomyces

JAMINAN FIDUSIA SEBAGAI JAMINAN KEBENDAAN YANG MEMBERI HAK MENDAHULU DALAM PEROLEHAN PELUNASAN UTANG

Jaminan  Fidusia  merupakan salah satu jaminan  kebendaan yang  memberi hak kepada  kreditor untuk mengambil pelunasan  utang langsung dari benda jaminan  apabila debitor wanprestasi.  Hak  mengambil  pelunasan tersebut   memberikan  hak mendahulu  kepada   kreditor pemegang jaminan  diantara  para  kreditor lainnya  sebagaimana  ketentuan Pasal  1132 KUHPerdata  jo  Pasa1 1133 dan 1134  KUHPerdata jo  Pasal 1  ayat  (2)  jo  Pasal 27 ayat (1)  dan (2)  Undang  Undang   No. 42  Tahun 1999 tentang  Jaminan  Fidusia. Penelitian  ini  dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji  mengenai kedudukan jaminan  fidusia sebagai jaminan  kebendaan dalam  memperoleh  pelunasan  utang  dan   hak  mendahulu dari Kreditor  dalam  memperoleh pelunasan utang dari benda  jaminan  fidusia. Untuk itu Penelitian dan tulisan ini dibuat dan disusun dengan metode penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif dengan  alat  pengumpul data  studi   dokumen untuk  memperoleh data sekunder yang bersumber dari  bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder  dan  tersier terkait  kedudukan  jaminan  fidusia   sebagai jaminan  pelunasan utang.   Kata  Kunci  : Jaminan  Fidusia, hak  mendahulu, utan

Guarantee of Legal Assurance and Justice for the Implementation of Consumer Financing

This study aims to determine how to guarantee legal certainty and justice for the implementation of consumer financing. This study was conducted at the Christian University of Indonesia in 2021 for four months, starting from March – June 2021. The research method used was normative legal research, focusing mainly on fiduciary guarantee legislation and the theory of legislation, justice, and legal certainty. The findings of this study are that if the debtor/consumer of consumer financing is in default, based on Constitutional Court Number 18/PUU-XVII / 2019, creditors of consumer finance companies cannot carry out direct execution of the object of collateral. It must refer to the provisions of Article 15 paragraph (2) of the UUJF, namely through fiat execution as the implementation of court decisions that have permanent legal force

State Responsibility in Legal Protection of Debtors and Creditors Against the Risk of Termination of Agreements

Economic progress has led to an increase in the need for funding, where the funding is obtained through lending and borrowing activities. However, this effort has the risk of default from the debtor, so the creditor requires a fiduciary guarantee. This is also exacerbated by the risk of terminating the agreement due to the fulfillment of the cancellation conditions which poses a risk. This study aims to determine the state's responsibility in legal protection for debtors and creditors against the risk of termination of the agreement. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this study was a literature study. The results of the study show that the state's responsibility in legal protection for debtors and creditors against the risk of termination of the agreement by carrying out the legal construction of Indonesian legal policies in providing justice to debtors and creditors from the risk of termination of fiduciary guarantees regulated in Article 11 of Law no. 1999, among others, objects burdened with fiduciary guarantees must be registered, objects burdened with fiduciary guarantees are outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, the obligations as referred to in paragraph (1) are still valid and failure to register is the responsibility of the creditor, and the losses incurred are not can be sued against the debtor and the negligence of registration from the creditor cannot be a reason for the forced execution of a fiduciary object. Keywords: Legal Protection, Debtors, Creditors, Termination of Agreemen

Putative biomarkers of environmental enteric disease fail to correlate in a cross-sectional study in two study sites in Sub-Saharan Africa

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an elusive, inflammatory syndrome of the small intestine thought to be associated with enterocyte loss and gut leakiness and lead to stunted child growth. To date, the gold standard for diagnosis is small intestine biopsy followed by histology. Several putative biomarkers for EED have been proposed and are widely used in the field. Here, we assessed in a cross-sectional study of children aged 2-5 years for a large set of biomarkers including markers of protein exudation (duodenal and fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)), inflammation (duodenal and fecal calprotectin, duodenal, fecal and blood immunoglobulins, blood cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP)), gut permeability (endocab, lactulose-mannitol ratio), enterocyte mass (citrulline) and general nutritional status (branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), insulin-like growth factor) in a group of 804 children in two Sub-Saharan countries. We correlated these markers with each other and with anemia in stunted and non-stunted children. AAT and calprotectin, CRP and citrulline and citrulline and BCAA correlated with each other. Furthermore, BCAA, citrulline, ferritin, fecal calprotectin and CRP levels were correlated with hemoglobin levels. Our results show that while several of the biomarkers are associated with anemia, there is little correlation between the different biomarkers. Better biomarkers and a better definition of EED are thus urgently needed

Stunted children display ectopic small intestinal colonization by oral bacteria, which cause lipid malabsorption in experimental models

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory syndrome postulated to contribute to stunted child growth and to be associated with intestinal dysbiosis and nutrient malabsorption. However, the small intestinal contributions to EED remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess changes in the proximal and distal intestinal microbiota in the context of stunting and EED and to test for a causal role of these bacterial isolates in the underlying pathophysiology. We performed a cross-sectional study in two African countries recruiting roughly 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years and assessed the microbiota in the stomach, duodenum, and feces. Upper gastrointestinal samples were obtained from stunted children and stratified according to stunting severity. Fecal samples were collected. We then investigated the role of clinical isolates in EED pathophysiology using tissue culture and animal models. We find that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is extremely common (>80%) in stunted children. SIBO is frequently characterized by an overgrowth of oral bacteria, leading to increased permeability and inflammation and to replacement of classical small intestinal strains. These duodenal bacterial isolates decrease lipid absorption in both cultured enterocytes and mice, providing a mechanism by which they may exacerbate EED and stunting. Further, we find a specific fecal signature associated with the EED markers fecal calprotectin and alpha-antitrypsin. Our study shows a causal implication of ectopic colonization of oral bacterial isolated from the small intestine in nutrient malabsorption and gut leakiness in vitro. These findings have important therapeutic implications for modulating the microbiota through microbiota-targeted interventions

Emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.620 with variant of concern-like mutations and deletions

Distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineages, discovered through various genomic surveillance initiatives, have emerged during the pandemic following unprecedented reductions in worldwide human mobility. We here describe a SARS-CoV-2 lineage - designated B.1.620 - discovered in Lithuania and carrying many mutations and deletions in the spike protein shared with widespread variants of concern (VOCs), including E484K, S477N and deletions HV69Delta, Y144Delta, and LLA241/243Delta. As well as documenting the suite of mutations this lineage carries, we also describe its potential to be resistant to neutralising antibodies, accompanying travel histories for a subset of European cases, evidence of local B.1.620 transmission in Europe with a focus on Lithuania, and significance of its prevalence in Central Africa owing to recent genome sequencing efforts there. We make a case for its likely Central African origin using advanced phylogeographic inference methodologies incorporating recorded travel histories of infected travellers