Prediction of payload vibration environments by mechanical admittance test techniques

A series of experiments was conducted with simple beam and mass launch vehicle and payload models in order to determine the validity of mechanical admittance/impedance techniques applied to development of improved payload vibration tests. Admittances and impedances were measured from tests of the individual components to form matrices which were combined analytically to allow prediction of responses for the complete system. Results were computed for a transmission matrix approach and an admittance matrix approach. Both a rigid body and a flexible payload model were considered. The results clearly demonstrate that the transmission matrix method is too sensitive to measurement error to be practical for this application, while the pure admittance matrix method produces quite satisfactory results. The effects of various errors on the final results are demonstrated

Novel optimal temperature profile for acidification process of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in yoghurt fermentation using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm

The acidification behavior of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for yoghurt production was investigated along temperature profiles within the optimal window of 38-44 degrees C. For the optimal acidification temperature profile search, an optimization engine module built on a modular artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) was used. Fourteen batches of yoghurt fermentations were evaluated using different temperature profiles in order to train and validate the ANN sub-module. The ANN captured the nonlinear relationship between temperature profiles and acidification patterns on training data after 150 epochs. This served as an evaluation function for the GA. The acidification slope of the temperature profile was the performance index. The GA sub-module iteratively evolved better temperature profiles across generations using GA operations. The stopping criterion was met after 11 generations. The optimal profile showed an acidification slope of 0.06117 compared to an initial value of 0.0127 and at a set point sequence of 43, 38, 44, 43, and 39 degrees C. Laboratory evaluation of three replicates of the GA suggested optimum profile of 43, 38, 44, 43, and 39 degrees C gave an average slope of 0.04132. The optimization engine used (to be published elsewhere) could effectively search for optimal profiles of different physico-chemical parameters of fermentation processes

Pengaruh Pembengkokan terhadap Kekuatan Baja Sruktur Tulangan Beton di Lingkungan Air Gambut

Concrete reinforcement steel bar when it began ordering from manufacturers and further functionalized into the building structure experience bending process to ease the transportation activity or while loading and unloading is not willful bent. Environmental conditions also affect the physical and mechanical condition of the reinforcement steel bar. From the many environmental conditions of corrosion, the selected scope is the peat water as a characteristic geographical conditions in Riau Province. The research methodology is testing experimentally. Concrete reinforcement steel bar is bent on angle (α) 20o, 40o, 60o, 80o, 100o, 120o, 140o, 160o, and 180o. There are two groupings of each bending specimens, they are soaked in the peat water and not soaked in the peat water. Then the specimens is straightened for tensile testing. The average tensile strength and ductility of reinforcing steel bar increase varies depending on the bending angle when compared to normal reinforcement steel bar. The percentage of elongation decreased due to the bending depends of bending angle. Meanwhile, due to bending and soaked in the peat water, the tensile strength was increased but not exceeding the sample group were not soaked and the value of elongation decreased lower than the reinforcing steel bar that is not soaked

Upacara Tradisional Daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur

Dengan terkumpulnya data dan informasi tentang upacara tradisional, tentang masa kehamilan, kelahiran, dan masa bayi serta masa kanak-kanak dan masa menjelang dewasa di Nusa Tenggara Timur diharapkan terungkaplah sedikit pengetahuan tentang upacara tradisional di daerah ini sebagai salah satu dasar dalam mengisi kebijaksanaan pembangunan yang dilaksanakan. Diharapkan data dan informasi yang disajikan ini dapat melengkapi pengetahuan kita tentang upacara-upacara di Indonesia khususnya di Nusa Tenggara Timur

Prediction of solid digesta passage rate using liquid passage rate as one of the input variables in ruminants

This study ascertained the influence of liquid passage rates on solid digesta passage rates and the possibilities of simultaneous prediction of solid and liquid passage rates in ruminants. Artificial neural networks were used to develop models of solid and solid-plus-liquid passage rates. Studies that reported fractional passage rates, class and body mass of ruminants were included in the dataset. Animal and feed factors that affect the rate of passage were identified. The database had observations of domestic and wild ruminants of variable body mass from 74 (solid using predicted liquid passage rate) and 31 (solid using observed liquid passage rate) studies. Observations were randomly divided into two data subsets: 75% for training and 25% for validation. Developed models accounted for 76% and 77% of the variation in prediction of solid passage rates using predicted and observed liquid passage rate as inputs, respectively. Simultaneous prediction accounted for 83% and 89% of the variation of solid and liquid passage rates, respectively. On validation using an independent dataset, these models attained 45% (solid using predicted liquid), 66% (solid using observed liquid), 50% (solid predicted with liquid) and 69% (liquid predicted with solid) of precision in predicting passage rates. Simultaneous prediction of solid and liquid passage rate yielded better predictions compared with independent predictions of solid passage rate. Simultaneous prediction of solid and liquid passage rates accounted for more variation compared with independent predictions of solid rates. Inclusion of liquid passage rate as an input variable gave better predictions of solid passage rates.Keywords: Fractional passage rate, prediction model, simultaneous prediction

The principle of double jeopardy versus the principle of condonation: revisiting the Supreme Court’s decision in Nigerian Army v Aminun Kano

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) guarantees the rights of every person in Nigeria, including persons accused of the commission of any crime. These rights are classified as ‘fundamental rights’, and they include: the right not to be subjected to double trial for the same offence, popularly referred to as right against double jeopardy2 and the right not to be tried for an offence for which one has been pardoned.3 These two rights formed the bedrock of the decision of the Supreme Court in Nigerian Army v Aminun Kano.4 This paper critically examines and reviews the decision and observed that had the Supreme Court considered the meaning of double jeopardy under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, on the one hand, and condonation and pardon on the other, the court would have discovered that these triumvirate concepts do not exactly mean the same thing and consequently may have varied legal outcomes when applied, and as such, the court may have provided a different reason for their judgment in the case. This paper finds that since the principle of the right against double jeopardy requires a judicial trial and a judgment to inure, while pardon and condonation is wholly administrative action, the principle of double jeopardy should never have been invoked in the case under review because there was no prior judicial decision that exculpated or incriminated the respondent. The paper recommends that in future, if the Supreme Court is faced with the same scenario, it should make a clear distinction between the principles of right against double jeopardy and pardon and condonation so as to clarify the jurisprudential perspectives of these principles.Keywords: Judicial, Double Jeopardy, Condonation, Pardon, Court Martial, Fundamental Rights, Constitutio

Influencia materna en la morfometría larvaria del cangrejo de pinzas pincel Hemigrapsus takanoi (Decapoda: Brachyura)

The morphology of larvae is a key factor influencing their behaviour, performance and ultimately their survival. There is evidence indicating a significant morphological variability among broods, and that this may be related to the size or conditions of the mother. However, this maternal influence is not consistent across decapod crustaceans. Using 35 broods from different mothers of the crab Hemigrapsus takanoi collected in the same locality of inner Tokyo Bay and at the same time, we tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the size of the mother and the progeny’s morphology. Our results indicate that different patterns in the length of the lateral, rostral and dorsal spines differentiated two distinct morphogroups of larvae. These morphogroups were linked to the size of the mother, showing that larger mothers produced bigger larvae with longer carapace spines. It is possible that larger size and longer spines can influence swimming performance and predator avoidance, respectively. These relationships should be tested in future experimental studies.La morfología larvaria es un factor clave que influencia el comportamiento, rendimiento y en último lugar la supervivencia larvaria. Hay evidencias que indican una variabilidad morfológica significativa entre puestas, y que esto puede estar relacionado con la talla y condición de la madre. Sin embargo, la influencia materna no es consistente para todos los crustáceos decápodos. Usando 35 puestas de diferentes madres del cangrejo Hemigrapsus takanoi, recolectadas en la misma localidad en el interior de la Bahía de Tokio, y al mismo tiempo, testeamos la hipótesis de que hay una relación positiva entre la talla de la madre y la morfología de la progenie. Nuestros resultados indican que diferentes patrones de longitud de las espinas laterales, rostrales y laterales diferencian dos morfogrupos distintos de larvas. Esos morfogrupos se asociaron a la talla de la madre, mostrando que aquellas madres grandes producían larvas de mayor tamaño con espinas más largas. Es posible que un tamaño mayor y espinas más largas puedan influenciar la capacidad natatoria y la evasión de predadores respectivamente. Estas relaciones deberían ser testeadas en futuros estudios experimentales

Modelling of digesta passage rates in grazing and browsing domestic and wild ruminant herbivores

Ruminant utilization of poor-quality feeds is governed by rates of digestion and of passage through the rumen. The passage rate of feed material determines the quantity of bypass nutrients and the efficiency of synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen, making modelling of passage rate important. Artificial neural networks were used to develop models of liquid and solid passage rates. Studies that reported fractional passage rates, along with class and body mass of ruminants, were included in the dataset. Factors that affect rates of passage in all the studies were identified, which included animal and feed factors. The dataset was composed of observations of domestic and wild ruminants of variable body mass (1.5 to 1238 kg) from 74 studies and 17 ruminant species from various climatic regions. Observations were randomly divided into two data subsets: 75% for training and 25% for validation. Developed models accounted for 66 and 82% of the variation in prediction of passage rates for solid and liquid, respectively. On validation with an independent dataset, these models attained 42 and 64% of precision in predicting passage rates for solid and liquid, respectively. Liquid and solid prediction passage rate models had no linear and mean bias in prediction. This study developed better prediction models for solid and liquid passage rates for ruminants fed on a variety of diets and/or feeds from different climatic regions.Keywords: Artificial neural networks, intake, mean retention time, prediction equation, rume

Triazolophostins: a library of novel and potent agonists of IP3 receptors.

IP3 receptors are channels that mediate the release of Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores of cells stimulated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Adenophostin A (AdA) is the most potent agonist of IP3 receptors, with the β-anomeric adenine contributing to the increased potency. The potency of AdA and its stability towards the enzymes that degrade IP3 have aroused interest in AdA analogs for biological studies. The complex structure of AdA poses problems that have necessitated optimization of synthetic conditions for each analog. Such lengthy one-at-a-time syntheses limit access to AdA analogs. We have addressed this problem by synthesizing a library of triazole-based AdA analogs, triazolophostins, by employing click chemistry. An advanced intermediate having all the necessary phosphates and a β-azide at the anomeric position was reacted with various alkynes under Cu(i) catalysis to yield triazoles, which upon deprotection gave triazolophostins. All eleven triazolophostins synthesized are more potent than IP3 and some are equipotent with AdA in functional analyses of IP3 receptors. We show that a triazole ring can replace adenine without compromising the potency of AdA and provide facile routes to novel AdA analogs.A. M. V. thanks the University Grants Commission (UGC) India for a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) during this work. K. M. S. thanks the Department of Science and Technology (DST) India for Swarnajayanti Fellowship, Ramanujan Fellowship and for financial support. C. W. T. and V. K. were supported by the Wellcome Trust, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and the German Academic Exchange Service (V. K.).This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5OB00440