Ποιότητα ζωής παιδιών και νεαρών ενηλίκων που υποβάλλονται σε αιμοκάθαρση

Εισαγωγή: Η αιμοκάθαρση είναι η θεραπευτική επιλογή για την νεφρική αντικατάσταση σε ασθενείς με νεφρική νόσο τελικού σταδίου. Σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις αιφνίδιας ή οξείας νεφρικής ανεπάρκειας, η αιμοκάθαρση μπορεί να χρειαστεί μόνο για μικρό χρονικό διάστημα έως ότου η νεφρική λειτουργία αποκατασταθεί ή βελτιωθεί. Τα παιδιά, οι έφηβοι και οι νεαροί ενήλικες με τελικού σταδίου νεφρική νόσο αποτελούν μια ομάδα ασθενών με μοναδικές νοσηρότητες. Η χρόνια αιμοκάθαρση είναι τεχνικά εφικτή σε παιδιά όλων των ηλικιών, ακόμη και σε πολύ μικρά νεογνά Σκοπός: Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η συστηματική ανασκόπηση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα ζωής των παιδιών και των νεαρών ενηλίκων που υποβάλλονται σε χρόνια αιμοκάθαρση. Μεθοδολογία: H παρούσα εργασία ήταν μια συστηματική ανασκόπησή και βασίζεται στην μελέτη σύγχρονης επιστημονικής αρθρογραφίας και έρευνας. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν αναζητήσεις στις μηχανές αναζήτησης PubMed, και G gle s lar, την περίοδο Νοέμβριου και Δεκεμβρίου 2017. Η αναζήτηση συμπεριλάμβανε συνδυασμό των διάφορων όρων (λέξεις κλειδιά) καθώς και συνδυασμός των όρων αυτών στην ελληνική και αγγλική γλώσσα, ώστε να αναγνωριστούν και να εμφανιστούν άρθρα που θα πλησίαζαν όσο το δυνατό περισσότερο το θέμα της έρευνας. Αποτελέσματα: Προέκυψαν 125 άρθρα. 50 από αυτά κρίθηκαν ως επιλέξιμες πηγές από τον τίτλο και την περίληψη που παρουσιάζονταν για την άντληση γενικών πληροφοριών ενώ 10 από αυτά επιλέχθηκαν για να συμπεριληφθούν στην βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση. Τα παιδιά και οι έφηβοι με ΧΝΝ έχουν μειωμένη ΠΖ σε φυσικούς και ψυχοκοινωνικούς τομείς λειτουργίας σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς συνομήλικους τους. Παρουσιάζουν χειρότερη σχολική απόδοση, χαμηλή αυτοεκτίμηση και δυσκολία να δημιουργήσουν σχέσεις με τους συνομηλίκους τους. Τα παιδιά που υποβάλλονται σε αιμοκάθαρση έχουν θετικές αντιλήψεις για την ΣΥΠΖ, αρνητική αντίληψη για την φυσική τους λειτουργία και το σχολείο και δείχνουν υψηλότερη συχνότητα κατάθλιψης σε σύγκριση με τους άλλους παιδιατρικούς ασθενείς άλλων χρόνιων παθήσεων. Ο τύπος της θεραπείας στην οποία υποβάλλονται, το φύλο και ο περιορισμένης κινητικότητας τρόπο ζωής, είναι σημαντικοί παράγοντες μείωσης της ΠΖ, αν και ο παράγοντας που επηρεάζει περισσότερο την ΠΖ αυτών των παιδιατρικών ασθενών είναι οι διατροφικοί περιορισμοί, οι περιορισμοί πρόσληψης νερού και η υπέρταση η οποία φαίνεται να επηρεάζει τη γνωστική λειτουργία σε αυτά τα παιδιά. Συμπεράσματα: Η υποβολή σε αιμοκάθαρση επηρεάζει σημαντικά την σχετιζόμενη με την υγεία ποιότητα ζωής των παιδιατρικών ασθενών και των οικογενειών τους. Από τα αποτελέσματα συμπεραίνεται ότι το κοινωνικοοικονομικό επίπεδο, η ψυχολογία, η ακαδημαϊκή απόδοση και η κοινωνικές σχέσεις είναι οι πτυχές της ζωής που επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα ζωής σε αυτά τα παιδιά και τις οικογένειες τους. Γι’ αυτό χρειάζεται συνεχής αξιολόγηση των αναγκών τους καθώς και συνεχιζόμενη εκπαίδευση του νοσηλευτικού προσωπικού.[76] Abstract Introduction: Hemodialysis is the therapeutic option for renal replacement in patients with end-stage renal disease. In some cases of sudden or acute renal insufficiency, hemodialysis may only be needed for a short period of time until renal function is restored or improved. Children, adolescents and young adults with end-stage renal disease are a group of patients with unique morbidity. Chronic hemodialysis is technically feasible in children of all ages, even in very young infants. Aims & Objectives: Its main purpose is to clarify the factors that affect the health relates quality of life of children and young adults undergoing chronic dialysis. A secondary objective is the creation of scientifically substantiated proposals and guidelines for the implementation of interventions to improve the quality of life of pediatric patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials & Methods: The present study was a literature review of the current scientific research evidence. Online searches were carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in November and December 2017. The search included various terms (keywords) and a combination of these terms in Greek and English to identify and display articles which would be as close as possible to the research subject. Results: Children and adolescents with CKD have reduced QoL in physical and psychosocial functioning than their healthy peers. They show worse school performance, low self-esteem and difficulty in establishing relationships with their peers. Children undergoing hemodialysis have positive perceptions of HR-QoL, a negative perception of their physical functioning and school performance, and show a higher incidence of depression than other pediatric patients with other chronic conditions. The type of treatment they undergo, sex and the limited mobility of lifestyle, are important factors that reduce QoL, although the factor that most affects the QoL of these pediatric patients is dietary restrictions, water intake limitations and hypertension which appears to affect cognitive function in these children Conclusions: Hemodialysis significantly affects the health-related quality of life of pediatric patients and their families. The results conclude that socio-economic status, psychology, academic performance and social relationships are the aspects of life that are degraded for these children and their families

Transcriptomic responses of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae and its symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola to olive feeding

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the most destructive pest of olive orchards worldwide. The monophagous larva has the unique capability of feeding on olive mesocarp, coping with high levels of phenolic compounds and utilizing non-hydrolyzed proteins present, particularly in the unripe, green olives. On the molecular level, the interaction between B. oleae and olives has not been investigated as yet. Nevertheless, it has been associated with the gut obligate symbiotic bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. Here, we used a B. oleae microarray to analyze the gene expression of larvae during their development in artificial diet, unripe (green) and ripe (black) olives. The expression profiles of Ca. E. dacicola were analyzed in parallel, using the Illumina platform. Several genes were found overexpressed in the olive fly larvae when feeding in green olives. Among these, a number of genes encoding detoxification and digestive enzymes, indicating a potential association with the ability of B. oleae to cope with green olives. In addition, a number of biological processes seem to be activated in Ca. E. dacicola during the development of larvae in olives, with the most notable being the activation of amino-acid metabolism

Cytochrome P450associated with insecticide resistance catalyzes cuticular hydrocarbon production in Anopheles gambiae.

The role of cuticle changes in insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae was assessed. The rate of internalization of 14C deltamethrin was significantly slower in a resistant strain than in a susceptible strain. Topical application of an acetone insecticide formulation to circumvent lipid-based uptake barriers decreased the resistance ratio by ∼50%. Cuticle analysis by electron microscopy and characterization of lipid extracts indicated that resistant mosquitoes had a thicker epicuticular layer and a significant increase in cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) content (∼29%). However, the CHC profile and relative distribution were similar in resistant and susceptible insects. The cellular localization and in vitro activity of two P450 enzymes, CYP4G16 and CYP4G17, whose genes are frequently overexpressed in resistant Anopheles mosquitoes, were analyzed. These enzymes are potential orthologs of the CYP4G1/2 enzymes that catalyze the final step of CHC biosynthesis in Drosophila and Musca domestica, respectively. Immunostaining indicated that both CYP4G16 and CYP4G17 are highly abundant in oenocytes, the insect cell type thought to secrete hydrocarbons. However, an intriguing difference was indicated; CYP4G17 occurs throughout the cell, as expected for a microsomal P450, but CYP4G16 localizes to the periphery of the cell and lies on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, a unique position for a P450 enzyme. CYP4G16 and CYP4G17 were functionally expressed in insect cells. CYP4G16 produced hydrocarbons from a C18 aldehyde substrate and thus has bona fide decarbonylase activity similar to that of dmCYP4G1/2. The data support the hypothesis that the coevolution of multiple mechanisms, including cuticular barriers, has occurred in highly pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae.Fil: Balabanidou, Vasileia. Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas; Grecia. Universidad de Creta; GreciaFil: Kampouraki, Anastasia. Universidad de Creta; GreciaFil: Mac Lean, Marina. University of Nevada; Estados UnidosFil: Blomquist, Gary J.. University of Nevada; Estados UnidosFil: Tittiger, Claus. University of Nevada; Estados UnidosFil: Juarez, Marta Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Mijailovsky, Sergio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Chalepakis, George. Universidad de Creta; GreciaFil: Anthousi, Amalia. Universidad de Creta; GreciaFil: Lynd, Amy. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Antoine, Sanou. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Hemingway, Janet. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Ranson, Hilary. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Lycett, Gareth J.. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Vontas, John. Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas; Grecia. Agricultural University of Athens; Greci

Mosquitoes cloak their legs to resist insecticides

Malaria incidence has halved since the year 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is now widespread, is rapidly increasing in spectrum and intensity across Africa, and may be contributing to the increase of malaria incidence in 2018. The role of detoxification enzymes and target site mutations has been documented in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae; however, the emergence of striking resistant phenotypes suggests the occurrence of additional mechanisms. By comparing legs, the most relevant insect tissue for insecticide uptake, we show that resistant mosquitoes largely remodel their leg cuticles via enhanced deposition of cuticular proteins and chitin, corroborating a leg-thickening phenotype. Moreover, we show that resistant female mosquitoes seal their leg cuticles with higher total and different relative amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons, compared with susceptible ones. The structural and functional alterations in Anopheles female mosquito legs are associated with a reduced uptake of insecticides, substantially contributing to the resistance phenotype.Fil: Balabanidou, Vasileia. Institute of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology. Foundation For Research And Technology; GreciaFil: Kefi, Mary. University of Crete; Grecia. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; GreciaFil: Aivaliotis, Michalis. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; Grecia. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; GreciaFil: Koidou, Venetia. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; Grecia. University of Crete; GreciaFil: Girotti, Juan Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; ArgentinaFil: Mijailovsky, Sergio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; ArgentinaFil: Patricia Juárez, M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner"; ArgentinaFil: Papadogiorgaki, Eva. University of Crete; GreciaFil: Chalepakis, George. University of Crete; GreciaFil: Kampouraki, Anastasia. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; Grecia. Agricultural University of Athens; GreciaFil: Nikolaou, Christoforos. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; Grecia. University of Crete; GreciaFil: Ranson, Hilary. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Vontas, John. Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biotechnology, Foundation For Research And Technology; Grecia. Agricultural University of Athens; Greci

Curating the Specificity of Metadata while World Models Evolve: Paper - iPRES 2012 - Digital Curation Institute, iSchool, Toronto

The main digital preservation strategies are based on metadata and in many cases SemanticWeb languages, like RDF/S, are used for expressing them. However RDF/S schemas or ontologies are not static, but evolve. This evolution usually happens independently of the “metadata” (ontological instance descriptions) which are stored in the various Metadata Repositories (MRs) or Knowledge Bases (KBs). Nevertheless, it is a common practice for a MR/KB to periodically update its ontologies to their latest versions by “migrating” the available instance descriptions to the latest ontology versions. Such migrations incur gaps regarding the specificity of the migrated metadata, i.e. inability to distinguish those descriptions that should be reexamined (for possible specialization as consequence of the migration) from those for which no reexamination is justified. Consequently, there is a need for principles, techniques, and tools for managing the uncertainty incurred by such migrations, specifically techniques for (a) identifying automatically the descriptions that are candidate for specialization, (b) computing, ranking and recommending possible specializations, and (c) flexible interactive techniques for updating the available descriptions (and their candidate specializations), after the user (curator of the repository) accepts/rejects such recommendations. This problem is especially important for curated knowledge bases which have increased quality requirements (as in e-Science). In this paper we elaborate on this problem, we propose a general approach, and discuss examples and a prototype application that we have developed assuming the RFD/S framework

Transcriptome Profiling and Genetic Study Reveal Amplified Carboxylesterase Genes Implicated in Temephos Resistance, in the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus

International audienceBackground: The control of Aedes albopictus, a major vector for viral diseases, such as dengue fever and chikungunya, has been largely reliant on the use of the larvicide temephos for many decades. This insecticide remains a primary control tool for several countries and it is a potential reliable reserve, for emergency epidemics or new invasion cases, in regions such as Europe which have banned its use. Resistance to temephos has been detected in some regions, but the mechanism responsible for the trait has not been investigated.Principal findings: Temephos resistance was identified in an Aedes albopictus population isolated from Greece, and subsequently selected in the laboratory for a few generations. Biochemical assays suggested the association of elevated carboxylesterases (CCE), but not target site resistance (altered AChE), with this phenotype. Illumina transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of three transcripts encoding CCE genes in the temephos resistant strain. CCEae3a and CCEae6a showed the most striking up-regulation (27- and 12-folds respectively, compared to the reference susceptible strain); these genes have been previously shown to be involved in temephos resistance also in Ae. aegypti. Gene amplification was associated with elevated transcription levels of both CCEae6a and CCEae3a genes. Genetic crosses confirmed the genetic link between CCEae6a and CCEae3a amplification and temephos resistance, by demonstrating a strong association between survival to temephos exposure and gene copy numbers in the F2 generation. Other transcripts, encoding cytochrome P450s, UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), cuticle and lipid biosynthesis proteins, were upregulated in resistant mosquitoes, indicating that the co-evolution of multiple mechanisms might contribute to resistance.Significance: The identification of specific genes associated with insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus for the first time is an important pre-requirement for insecticide resistance management. The genomic resources that were produced will be useful to the community, to study relevant aspects of Ae. albopictus biology

Molecular characterization of pyrethroid resistance in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae

A reduction of pyrethroid efficacy has been recently recorded in Bactrocera oleae, the most destructive insect of olives. The resistance levels of field populations collected from Crete-Greece scaled up to 22-folds, compared to reference laboratory strains. Sequence analysis of the 1154-1156 region of para sodium channel gene in a large number of resistant flies indicated that resistance may not be associated with target site mutations, in line with previous studies in other Tephritidae species. We analyzed the transcriptomic differences between two resistant populations versus an almost susceptible field population and two laboratory strains. A large number of genes was found to be significantly differentially transcribed across the pairwise comparisons. Interestingly, gene set analysis revealed that genes of the 'electron carrier activity' GO group were enriched in one specific comparison, which might suggest a P450-mediated resistance mechanism. The up-regulation of several transcripts encoding detoxification enzymes was qPCR validated, focusing on transcripts coding for P450s. Of note, the expression of contig00436 and contig02103, encoding CYP6 P450s, was significantly higher in all resistant populations, compared to susceptible ones. These results suggest that an increase in the amount of the CYP6 P450s might be an important mechanism of pyrethroid resistance in B. oleae

Annotated <i>Aedes albopictus</i> genes encoding for detoxification and/or redox genes and insecticide target subunits.

<p>Annotated <i>Aedes albopictus</i> genes encoding for detoxification and/or redox genes and insecticide target subunits.</p

Bioassays.

<p>Bioassay results are presented as the percentage of dead larvae in relation to the temephos dose for the susceptible (Lab-S, blue crosses) and resistant (Tem-GR, red circles) strains and their F1 crosses (orange triangles and green Xs, for resistant Females x susceptible Males and for resistant Males x susceptible Females, respectively). The same-color solid lines represent the best probit fit, the dotted lines the 95% confidence interval of this fit.</p