Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma levels of transglutaminase-2 and oxidative stress markers in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth

PubMed ID: 27468796Background: Transglutaminase (TGM)-2 has been shown to contribute to fibrosis by extracellular matrix accumulation in some organs and is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma TGM-2 and oxidative stress markers (OSMs) in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Methods: The study enrolled 20 healthy (H) individuals; 20 patients with gingivitis (G); 20 CsA-medicated patients with GO (CsA GO+); and 20 CsA-medicated patients without GO (CsA GO-). GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spectrofluorometry was used to analyze thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); total oxidant status (TOS); and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results: GCF TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.001) groups. GCF TBARS level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with other groups (CsA GO- group: P = 0.003; G group: P <0.001; and H group: P <0.001) and was higher in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.048). GCF FRAP level was lower in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.04). Both CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups had lower GCF TOS levels than H (P <0.001 and P = 0.002) and G (P = 0.003 and P = 0.04). GCF TAC was higher in CsA GO+ than in H (P = 0.02). Plasma TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.002). Plasma FRAP level was higher in H and CsA GO- than in CsA GO+ (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02). Conclusions: CsA use significantly alters GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 and OSMs. TGM-2 may contribute to CsAinduced GO in CsA-treated patients by changing GCF and plasma levels of OSMs. Further studies are needed to prove causality and its direction

Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Levels of Transglutaminase-2 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cyclosporin A-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

WOS: 000393065800016PubMed ID: 27468796Background: Transglutaminase (TGM)-2 has been shown to contribute to fibrosis by extracellular matrix accumulation in some organs and is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma TGM-2 and oxidative stress markers (OSMs) in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Methods: The study enrolled 20 healthy (H) individuals; 20 patients with gingivitis (G); 20 CsA-medicated patients with GO (CsA GO+); and 20 CsA-medicated patients without GO (CsA GO-). GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spectrofluorometry was used to analyze thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); total oxidant status (TOS); and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results: GCF TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.001) groups. GCF TBARS level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with other groups (CsA GO-group: P = 0.003; G group: P <0.001; and H group: P <0.001) and was higher in CsA GO-than in H (P = 0.048). GCF FRAP level was lower in CsA GO-than in H (P = 0.04). Both CsA GO+ and CsA GO-groups had lower GCF TOS levels than H (P <0.001 and P = 0.002) and G (P = 0.003 and P = 0.04). GCF TAC was higher in CsA GO+ than in H (P = 0.02). Plasma TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.002). Plasma FRAP level was higher in H and CsA GO-than in CsA GO+ (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02). Conclusions: CsA use significantly alters GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 and OSMs. TGM-2 may contribute to CsA-induced GO in CsA-treated patients by changing GCF and plasma levels of OSMs. Further studies are needed to prove causality and its direction.Research Fund of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey [10-DIS-014]The authors are grateful to the Research Fund of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, for providing financial support for this research (10-DIS-014). The authors thank Timur Kose, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, for his help with statistical analyses. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study

Hypertension and Cardiovascular Remodelling in Rats Exposed to Continuous Light: Protection by ACE-Inhibition and Melatonin

Exposure of rats to continuous light attenuates melatonin production and results in hypertension development. This study investigated whether hypertension induced by continuous light (24 hours/day) exposure induces heart and aorta remodelling and if these alterations are prevented by melatonin or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Four groups of 3-month-old male Wistar rats (10 per group) were treated as follows for six weeks: untreated controls, exposed to continuous light, light-exposed, and treated with either captopril (100 mg/kg/day) or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day). Exposure to continuous light led to hypertension, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and fibrosis, and enhancement of the oxidative load in the LV and aorta. Increase in systolic blood pressure by continuous light exposure was prevented completely by captopril and partially by melatonin. Both captopril and melatonin reduced the wall thickness and cross-sectional area of the aorta and reduced the level of oxidative stress. However, only captopril reduced LV hypertrophy development and only melatonin reduced LV hydroxyproline concentration in insoluble and total collagen in rats exposed to continuous light. In conclusion, captopril prevented LV hypertrophy development in the continuous light-induced hypertension model, while only melatonin significantly reduced fibrosis. This antifibrotic action of melatonin may be protective in hypertensive heart disease

Activités oxydo-réductrices dans la salive : modulation par l’alimentation et importance pour la perception sensorielle des aliments

Review article.International audienceSaliva is a complex fluid comprising electrolytes, small organic molecules, food and cellular fragments and proteins that fulfill numerous functions. For instance, saliva has a protective function against micro-organisms but also against oxidative stress in mouth. Thus, saliva plays a role in the control and modulation of damages resulting from oxidative stress in mouth. This article introduces the main salivary compounds involved in the oxidative stress and the ones involved in the neutralization of oxidant reactive species, the maintain of the salivary redox potential and in repairing damages on biomolecules from oxidative mechanisms. It reviews the knowledge on the effect of food consumption on salivary antioxidant capacity. This article deals also with emerging researches on the role of the salivary antioxidant capacity on perception. This effect results from the modulation of different chemical and biochemical reactions occurring in mouth and impacting flavour compounds by antioxidant molecules.La salive est un fluide complexe contenant des électrolytes, des molécules organiques, des microorganismes, des débris alimentaires et cellulaires, mais aussi des protéines de différentes natures qui lui permettent d’assurer de nombreuses fonctions. La salive a entre autres un rôle dans le contrôle et la modulation des dommages résultant de mécanismes oxydants en bouche. Cet article introduit les principaux composés salivaires impliqués dans le stress oxydant et ceux impliqués dans la neutralisation de ces espèces oxydantes, le maintien du potentiel redox et la réparation des dommages issus de l’oxydation des biomolécules en bouche. Il propose un état des lieux des connaissances sur l’effet de l’alimentation sur le potentiel antioxydant de la salive. Cet article traite également de l’émergence de recherches portant sur le rôle de la capacité antioxydante salivaire dans la perception des aliments, résultant de son impact sur les réactions chimiques et biochimiques se produisant en bouche et impliquant les molécules de la flaveur