Beyond the obvious: unveiling primary effusion lymphoma in a 76-year-old female with multifaceted clinical presentation

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an exceptionally rare and challenging entity to diagnose, characterized by the development of lymphomatous effusions in body cavities without a solid tumour mass. Here, we present a case of PEL in a 76-year-old retired professor with a complex medical history including diabetes, hypertension, and bilateral total knee replacement surgery. The patient initially presented with dry cough and breathlessness, which led to the discovery of a right pleural effusion exhibiting lymphocytic predominance with high ADA but lacking malignant cells. Prompt initiation of empiric anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) resulted in symptomatic improvement and resolution of the effusion. However, subsequent admission to the emergency room due to vomiting, weakness, and walking difficulties unveiled a positive rapid antigen test for COVID-19 and identified moderate right-sided pleural effusion. Additional investigations including positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, and cell block analysis unveiled intriguing findings, prompting further evaluation and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. IHC markers revealed CD20+, Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%, CD79a+, CD 3 -, CD138-, CD30-, and CD10-, indicative of atypical B cell proliferation. Importantly, the presence of human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) was confirmed through LANA1 staining, solidifying the diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges encountered and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive evaluation and IHC profiling confirmation in establishing an accurate diagnosis of PEL

Level Set Topology Optimization of Load Carrying Heat Dissipation Devices

In this paper, we introduce a level set method topology optimization method of structures subjected to coupled mechanical and thermal loads. Different examples considering compliance minimization and stress minimization under temperature and volume constraints, and mass minimization under stress and temperature constraints, are presented. The p-norm of the stress field and temperature field is used to approximate the maximum stress and temperature, respectively. The developed method is applied in the design of an L-bracket and a battery package. The results show that designs obtained by ignoring the thermal or structural constraints can result in high values of temperature or stress, respectively

A case report of primary pleomorphic lung cancer with an atypical presentation

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is an uncommon primary lung tumor with a low incidence and aggressive biological characteristics that can occur in young people and nonsmokers. Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) has a worse prognosis than other non-small cell lung tumors. We describe a 45-year-old man who complained of having a dry cough for a month. A well-defined mass in the anterior section of the left lower lobe was identified by chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and a positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed a left lobulated tumor with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the left mediastinal lymph nodes. An endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS TBNA) guided biopsy of the tumor was performed and sent for histopathological analysis, which identified pleomorphic squamous cells and giant cells. Positive IHC markers included P63, TTF1, pancytokeratin, Vimentin. Patient was diagnosed with stage IIIa (T3N2M0) pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung. Due to the tumor's advanced stage, the patient received chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Domain and nucleotide dependence of the interaction between Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factors 3 and 1A

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 3 (eEF3) is a fungal-specific ATPase proposed to catalyze the release of deacylated-tRNA from the ribosomal E-site. In addition, it has been shown to interact with the aminoacyl-tRNA binding GTPase elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), perhaps linking the E and A sites. Domain mapping demonstrates that amino acids 775-980 contain the eEF1A binding sites. Domain III of eEF1A, which is also involved in actin-related functions, is the site of eEF3 binding. The binding of eEF3 to eEF1A is enhanced by ADP, indicating the interaction is favored post-ATP hydrolysis but is not dependent on the eEF1A-bound nucleotide. A temperature-sensitive P915L mutant in the eEF1A binding site of eEF3 has reduced ATPase activity and affinity for eEF1A. These results support the model that upon ATP hydrolysis, eEF3 interacts with eEF1A to help catalyze the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA at the A-site of the ribosome. The dynamics of when eEF3 interacts with eEF1A may be part of the signal for transition of the post to pre-translocational ribosomal state in yeast

Functional Characterization of the Eukaryotic Cysteine Desulfurase Nfs1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Previous studies have indicated that the essential protein Nfs1 performs a crucial role in cellular iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein maturation. The protein is located predominantly in mitochondria, yet low amounts are present in cytosol and nucleus. Here we examined several aspects concerning the molecular function of yeast Nfs1p as a model protein. First, we demonstrated that purified Nfs1p facilitates the in vitro assembly of Fe/S proteins by using cysteine as its specific substrate. Thus, eukaryotic Nfs1 is a functional orthologue of the bacterial cysteine desulfurase IscS. Second, we showed that only the mitochondrial version but not the extramitochondrial version of Nfs1p is functional in generating cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins. Mutation of the nuclear targeting signal of Nfs1p did not affect the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins, despite a severe growth defect under this condition. Nfs1p could not assemble an Fe/S cluster on the Isu scaffold proteins when they were located in the yeast cytosol. The lack of function of these central Fe/S cluster assembly components suggests that the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S protein does not involve functional copies of the mitochondrial Fe/S cluster assembly machinery in the yeast cytosol. Third, the extramitochondrial version of Nfs1p was shown to play a direct role in the thiomodification of tRNAs. Finally, we identified a highly conserved N-terminal {beta}-sheet of Nfs1p as a functionally essential part of the protein. The implication of these findings for the structural stability of Nfs1p and for its targeting mechanism to mitochondria and cytosol/nucleus will be discussed

Medical survey on Cardiovascular Disorders

Recent studies in India indicate raising trends of cardiovascular disorders like hyper tension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. Even in rural areas continuous monitoring of the cardio vascular disorders situation is required by repeated cross sectional studies in both urban, rural to plan control measures. Aim of the study to make a survey on cardio vascular disorders in local hospitals of aroghya and spandana hosipital in khammam. A cross sectional study was carried out in khammam region in the rural field practice area of Mother Teresa Pharmacy College in Sathupally, India. All adults and olders of both genders were included and screened for cardio vascular disorders by hosipital survey. Conclusion: It was observed that cardiovascular disorders can be treated within time and proper medication. Awareness should be created among the population regarding prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Even though proper medication are there, in some cases like heart attack and congestive heart failure the death rate is very high. This is because the patient is not able to reach the hospitals in time, not changing their life style modifications, continuing their habits like smoking and alcohol consumption and lack of frequent medical checkups. Hence the sincere advise to all the patients those are in the risk of cardiovascular disorders must have to keep the corresponding medicines like nitroglycerine tablets (Isosorbide dinitrate)  with them of their pocket every time, avoiding of their habits of smoking and alcohol consumption, intake of low calorie diet and maintain their regular medical checkups.       Keywords:  Cross sectional study, Cardiovascular Disorders, Smoking and Alcohol consumptio

Level set topology optimization with nodally integrated reproducing kernel particle method

A level set topology optimization (LSTO) using the stabilized nodally integrated reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) to solve the governing equations is introduced in this paper. This methodology allows for an exact geometry description of a structure at each iteration without remeshing and without any interpolation scheme. Moreover, useful characteristics of the RKPM such as the easily controlled order of continuity and the ability to freely place particles in a design domain wherever needed are illustrated through stress based and design-dependent surface loading examples. The numerical results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the methodology with good optimization convergence behavior and ability to handle large topological changes. Furthermore, it is shown that different particle distributions can be used to increase efficiency without additional complexity

Component shape optimisation for enhanced non-destructive testing

Determining an optimal component design is fundamental to many applications including many of those in the aerospace, automotive and civil engineering industries. Previously, the compatibility of the component with future non-destructive testing (NDT) requirements has not been considered at the design stage. As a result, NDT operators are often challenged to reliably inspect components with complex geometries. In this paper, a framework is proposed for the optimisation of a component’s shape to maximise the sensitivity and coverage of an interrogating ultrasonic wave, thus enhancing the ability to non-destructively image defects. The design of beam cross-sections are optimised using both a low-dimensional parameterisation with a genetic algorithm, and the level set method which enables more degrees of freedom in the component shape parameterisation. Images of flaws computed using the total focusing method show an 8 dB improvement in the signal to noise ratio for the optimised component as well as a five-fold improvement in the estimate of flaw size. These results show that the NDT-optimised design of components can provide significant improvements in flaw imaging. This in turn assists in extending the lifespan of in-service components and indeed their remanufacturability, which is both environmentally and economically advantageous

Further insights into the tRNA modification process controlled by proteins MnmE and GidA of Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli, proteins GidA and MnmE are involved in the addition of the carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group onto uridine 34 (U34) of tRNAs decoding two-family box triplets. However, their precise role in the modification reaction remains undetermined. Here, we show that GidA is an FAD-binding protein and that mutagenesis of the N-terminal dinucleotide-binding motif of GidA, impairs capability of this protein to bind FAD and modify tRNA, resulting in defective cell growth. Thus, GidA may catalyse an FAD-dependent reaction that is required for production of cmnmU34. We also show that GidA and MnmE have identical cell location and that both proteins physically interact. Gel filtration and native PAGE experiments indicate that GidA, like MnmE, dimerizes and that GidA and MnmE directly assemble in an α2β2 heterotetrameric complex. Interestingly, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows that identical levels of the same undermodified form of U34 are present in tRNA hydrolysates from loss-of-function gidA and mnmE mutants. Moreover, these mutants exhibit similar phenotypic traits. Altogether, these results do not support previous proposals that activity of MnmE precedes that of GidA; rather, our data suggest that MnmE and GidA form a functional complex in which both proteins are interdependent

Structural Basis for Fe–S Cluster Assembly and tRNA Thiolation Mediated by IscS Protein–Protein Interactions

Crystal structures reveal how distinct sites on the cysteine desulfurase IscS bind two different sulfur-acceptor proteins, IscU and TusA, to transfer sulfur atoms for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and tRNA thiolation