Ozalism: Successes and Contradictions of Turkish Neoliberalism

The article presents the main signs of political, economic and social reforms in the era of Turgut Ozal - a head of economic activity, the Prime Minister and the President of the Republic of Turkey during the 1980s and 1990s. Political ozalism (domestic and foreign policy), economic ozalism, social ozalism. Turgut Ozal 's ideology is a synthesis of technological Westernization and cultural Turkism and Islamism. Many Turkish scholars call his ideology "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" (Atila Eralp et al., 1993). Following the principles of the new ideology, Turkey has embarked on the path of achieving a special position in the international arena that would allow it to participate in global processes. it should be emphasized that Ottoman and Islamic culture was one part of the political course of Ozalism. The second half was economic and political liberalism. Such ambivalence or dualism of views is linked to Turgut Ozal’s belief that modernization can only be carried out through liberalization. The Prime Minister of the Republic used economic liberalism to achieve political pluralism. The article outlines the peculiarities of the "Turkish miracle," which occurred as a result of the measures taken to thoroughly revise domestic economic regulation and state intervention in the economy. The essence of them was a significant reorganization, weakening the legal and de facto monopoly of the state over the economy of the country

Inactivation of Chromosomal Genes in Serratia marcescens

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens is a well-known environmental microorganism and the accepted clinical pathogen causing nosocomial infections. It attracts more attention in recent years due to the emergence of strains with multiple drug resistance. Standard recombinant techniques are difficult to apply to S. marcescens due to the presence of numerous hydrolytic enzymes, in particular, extracellular nuclease and restriction endonuclease, which degrade transforming DNAs. We overcame this obstacle by utilizing restrictionless nuclease-deficient mutant strain S. marcescens TT392. As a proof of principal, in this genetic background, we generated a knockout strain with deletion of macAB locus using lambda red technology. The resulting mutation could be easily moved to a new genetic background by generalized phage transduction. This strategy provides a good tool for evaluation of S. marcescens pathogenic potential

The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Modern Germany

Мigration is one of the main factors, which is creating the modern world, with more than 60 million displaced people. The twenty-first century is a migrant century, since global mobility is a highly stratified phenomenon, ranging from a simple tourist to an illegal worker; Or as a "product" of traffickers to refugee status forced to leave their origin country because of climate change, poverty or wars. Thus, (forced) migration contributes to changes in the structures and institutions of global political, economic and social relations. Nowadays two major demographic trends in the European Union are: continuous population ageing and increasing of migration flows. The abolition of internal borders within the EU has contributed to the spread of concerns caused by security shortages and new challenges, leading to strengthen politicization and securitization of migration and granting shelter. There have been recent discussions in Germany about immigration, integration and multiculturalism. German Chancellor Angela Merkel acknowledged the crisis of Germany 's multiculturalism system. She also said efforts by the US and UK to promote diversity had only led to a weakening of national identity and increased extremist voices in immigrant communities. It is believed, that multiculturalism seems to have come its way. The multiculturalism has been criticized by the European Union. Criticism of far-right diversity management strategy has become a major part of European politics. In addition, from Scandinavian countries to Greece, anti-immigration parties and the number of votes has increased among the population concerned about the effects of growing diversity

Generalized Bacteriophage Transduction in Serratia marcescens

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae family. As an opportunistic human pathogen and a causative agent of a range of nosocomial infections, S. marcescens represents a growing public health problem. Little is known about S. marcescens pathogenicity factors, in part due to the lack of well-developed functional genomic tools. Bacteriophage transduction is one of the main mechanisms of horizontal transfer of DNA in bacteria. S. marcescens bacteriophages previously used in transduction experiments are strain-specific, and no comprehensive studies have previously been done to evaluate the efficiency of transduction across different phages and host strains. In this study, we directly compared the ability of bacteriophages ΦOT8 and ΦIF3 to infect two S. marcescens strains, SM6 and SR41-8000. We successfully used bacteriophage ΦOT8 to transfer a mutation in tolC locus between two S. marcescens strains

Current approaches to quality assessment, non-clinical and clinical studies of dendritic cell vaccines in oncology

At present, personalised cellular immunotherapy is considered a promising approach to the treatment of malignant neoplasms. The effectiveness of these cellular immunotherapy methods is evaluated in the context of clinical and biological tumour characteristics and the state of the immune system of a particular patient. One of the immunotherapy options for cancer is the development of autologous dendritic cell vaccines.The aim of this study was to analyse current methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality, efficacy, and safety of dendritic cell cancer vaccines.This review describes the functional role of dendritic cells in immune response regulation. The paper presents the results of literature analysis covering current approaches to obtaining dendritic cell vaccines with specific characteristics, quality assessment, studies of the anti-tumour efficacy of cell therapy products, and the experience of conducting non-clinical and clinical studies. The review highlights specific aspects of international experience in the registration and clinical use of cell therapy products. The authors discuss methodological approaches to non-clinical studies of dendritic cell vaccines, which should aim to obtain information to select the dose, route, and mode of administration and to identify immunological markers correlating to the clinical efficacy of cell therapy products. The paper covers international experience in conducting clinical trials of dendritic cell vaccines for various malignant neoplasms. The authors propose a list of quality attributes of human somatic cell-based medicinal products for further clinical use

Analysis of the Main Changes in Assessment and Approval of Medicines for Human Use in the Eurasian Economic Union

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the main changes to the Rules of marketing authorisation and assessment of medicinal products for human use in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The reflection of regulatory procedures in the legislation is quite a significant systemic feature that makes it possible to establish common requirements for the medicines present in the EAEU and to ensure the possibility of unified regulation of the matter within the national economies of the member states

Technologies of intensifying the distance training in additional professional programs

В статье представлена технология интенсификации обучения по программе повышения квалификации на этапах проектирования содержания с применением технологии «обратный дизайн», обеспечивающей основу для его планирования на уровне рабочей программы дополнительного образования. Рассмотрена модель смешанного обучения «перевернутый класс» по программе повышения квалификации с применением LMS Moodle.In this article the ideas of the vocational training intensification technologies are outlined. One of them is Backward Design, which provides a framework for curriculum planning that can be used in additional vocational education. One more educational technology in additional vocational education is Inverted Classroom which is implemented using LMS Moodle