Hindi's Original Poet ‘Amir Khusro’: A Analytical Study

Abul Hasan Yamin-ud-din Khusrau (1253–1325 AD), popularly known as Amir Khusrau, was a great poet, poet, singer, musician, scholar, Sufi saint and historian. Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi was his spiritual teacher, he is known as the father of Qawwali, he enriched it by combining Arabic and Persian music in Hindustani classical music, Sitar was also manufactured by him. First of all, he had mentioned Hindawi for his language. He was also a poet of Persian, he had got the shelter of Delhi Sultanate. Amir Khusrau is called Tota-e-Hind (Parrot of Hind). The list of his books is long. We can divide the main works of Khusro into six parts. :- 1. Five diwans 2. Five historical poems, (Masnavis) 3. Five Khams 4. Ghazals 5. Three prose compositions and 6. Hindi poems. Khusrau's three compositions are considered in Hindi - Khalik Bari, Halat-e-Kanhaiya and Najrane-e-Hindi, but only Khalikwari is available. Khusro has composed more poetry than prose. Amir Khusro has the distinction of being the first poet of Khadi Boli Hindi. In the words of late Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, "When we take up the history of Khari Boli, we definitely have to admit that the oldest written literature of this language is of Amir Khusro." He is considered to be the poet of the real spoken language and the creator of the form of modern Khadi Boli. According to Ram Kumar Verma- "Khusro is an era-changing poet of Hindi literature, who has done a great favor to Hindi literature.

Use of mutant mcm strain in purification of Neurospora crassa transformants resistant to hygromycin

DNA-mediated transformation in Neurospora crassa results in the formation of heterokaryons comprising a mixture of both transformed and untransformed nuclei. This makes it imperative to resolve the transformed nuclei from the untransformed ones. The present methods for purifying the transformed nuclei from primary transformants include repeated plating of macroconidial transformant to enrich the transformed nuclei or producing uninucleate microconidia. Both these methods are labour intensive and time consuming. We report here a simple and efficient method of purifying the transformed nuclei by the induction of microconidiation in an otherwise non-microconidiating strain using a mcm mutant strain

Landslide at Railway Project Site in Weak Murree Formation — Case Study

Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd. (KRCL) is constructing 71 km Railway Line from Katra to Dharam in Jammu & Kashmir state of India for Indian Railways. This line when constructed up to Quazigund will link the remote areas of Kashmir valley with main network of Indian Railways. This rail link is required for socio-economic development of remote areas. Three executing agencies are handling the entire project. The KRCL stretch is situated in high mountains and deep gorges requiring construction of large number of tunnels and major bridges. Strata along the alignment is fragile and charged with water particularly in tunnels passing through shear Zones. Several problems were faced while tunnelling which were handled in consultation with various experts from all over the world

Landslide of Tunnel Face by Slip Circle Formation —Case Study

Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd. (KRCL) has been assigned construction of 71 km Railway Line from Katra to Dharam in Jammu & Kashmir state of India. This line when constructed up to Quazigund will link the Kashmir valley with main Indian Railways network. Indian Railway Construction Co. (IRCON) is assigned the section from Dharam to Quazigund. Railway Line in the valley beyond Quazigund is in operation. The KRCL stretch is situated in high mountains and deep gorges requiring construction of large number of tunnels and major bridges. The strata in most of the tunnels is fragile and charged with water particularly in tunnels passing through shear Zones. Several problems were faced while tunnelling which were handled in consultation with experts from all over the world

The Performance of Grade XI Students of Saskatchewan (Canada) and Iowa (U.S.A.) on Two of the Iowa Tests of Educational Development

The purpose of this investigation was to study the performance of grade XI students of Saskatchewan (Canada) and Iowa (U. S. A.) on two of the Iowa Tests of Educational Development: Test 3, Correctness and Appropriateness of Expression; and Test 4, Ability to Do Quantitative Thinking. The interpretation of the performances involved examination of several related educational factors. The sample comprising 543 grade XI students was drawn from twelve selected Saskatchewan high schools. In each of the twelve participating high schools, the principal arranged for the administration of the two ITED tests and the Student Questionnaire: Form A. In addition, the principal reported scholastic averages for the participants. Evidence on each of the two ITED tests included mean, standard deviation, standard score distribution, and percentile norms. Item analysis data were collected and analyzed for five selected items of ITED 4, Ability to Do Quantitative Thinking. Data on Saskatchewan students included information about such related matters as scholastic averages, post high school plans, academic aspirations, hobbies, parental occupations, and reactions to ITED 3 and ITED 4. The numerical data pertaining to test scores and scholastic averages made possible large number of intercorrelations. Responses to five of the nine items of Student Questionnaire: Form A were summarized. Previously available test data for the United States, with emphasis on Iowa, provided a basis for comparisons

Genetics of Chickpea Resistance to Five Races of Fusarium Wilt and a Concise Set of Race Differentials for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris

Genetics of resistance in chickpea accession WR-315 to Fusarium wilt was investigated, and a concise set of differentials was developed to identify races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. A population of 100 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of WR-315 (resistant) and C-104 (susceptible) was used to study genetics of resistance to races 1A, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, and a population of 26 F2 plants from a cross between the same two parents was used to study inheritance of resistance to race 2. Segregations of the RILs for resistance to each of the five races suggest that single genes in WR-315 govern resistance to each of the five races. A 1:3 resistant to susceptible ratio in the F2 population indicated that resistance in WR-315 to race 2 was governed by a single recessive gene. A race-specific slow disease progress reaction was observed in chickpea line FLIP84-92C(3) to infection by race 2, a phenomenon termed as slow wilting, that is different from previously reported late wilting with respect to latent period, disease progress rate, and final disease rating. Twenty-nine germ plasm lines (27 Cicer arietinum and two C. reticulatum) including previously used differentials were evaluated for their reactions to infection by the five races. Only eight of the 29 germ plasm lines differentiated at least one of the five races based on either resistant or susceptible reactions, whereas the remaining germ plasm lines were either susceptible or resistant to all five races or differentiated them by intermediate reactions. A concise set of eight chickpea lines comprised of four genotypes and four F7 RILs with vertical resistance was developed as differentials for race identification in F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. These differential lines were characterized by early appearance of wilt symptoms, and clear and consistent disease phenotypes based on no wilt or 100% wilt incidence, which offers important improvements over previously available differential sets and provides more precise and unambiguous identification of the races. Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is an important disease in many chickpea production regions. There are at least eight different races of the pathogen. Resistance to the races of Fusarium wilt is generally conditioned by major resistance genes. The genetics of resistance to race 5 in chickpea line WR-315 is not known, and the genetics of resistance to race 2 is controversial. This study using 100 F7 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between WR-315 and C-104 showed that resistance to race 5 in WR-315 is conditioned by one gene. It also showed that resistance to race 2 in WR-315 is conditioned by a single recessive gene. Knowing the number of genes involved in resistance is important in devising strategies to move the resistance genes to elite breeding lines and cultivars. We also observed a phenomenon termed slow wilting, which is different from previously reported late wilting in three aspects: latent period, disease progress rate, and final disease incidence. Identification of races is usually through using chickpea differentials. Previously reported differentials are imprecise in distinguishing some races, particularly in separating between races 2 and 3. We identified a recombinant inbred line that can be used to unambiguously separate races 2 and 3. After evaluating previously used differentials, we developed a concise differential set of eight chickpea lines that will offer important improvements over previous differential sets and will provide more precise and unambiguous identification of the races

Non-functional cervical paraganglioma in an adult: A case report

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. The most common site is the adrenals cervical region. Cervical paragangliomasare divided into carotid body and vagus types. Here, we report the case of a non-functional cervical paraganglioma in a 78-yearoldmale came with complaints of swelling in the left side of the neck for 2 years. On imaging, guided core needle biopsy showedeosinophilic cells with vacuolated nuclei and some inclusion bodies which suggested a possible clear cell tumor, neuroendocrinetumor or a paraganglioma. Complete surgical excision was done under general anesthesia, postoperative histopathology andimmunohistochemistry markers (S100, Synaptophysin, and Ki67) suggested of paraganglioma

Save The King: Human-King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor 1836), conflicts and the need for conservation strategies in Nepal

Abstract.—Snake research tends to have a low priority in Nepal and very little information, mostly confined to populationsin small areas, addresses the biology and threats to the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah). Herein we providedata that could facilitate an assessment of the species’ status in Nepal and begin to address its conservation needs.We recorded data on King Cobras from 2015–2020, crosschecking with previous studies to avoid any duplicationof records. A King Cobra from Siddhara, Arghakhachi District, was the first record of the species in the district. Werecorded a total of 50 King Cobra mortalities from 20 districts, with most of them killed near human settlementsadjacent to forested areas. We mapped the locations of all mortalities and recorded land-use changes within a 500-mbuffer around each site over a 30-year period (1990–2020), revealing extensive landscape fragmentation in previouslyconnected natural areas. Our data suggest that the major threats to King Cobras are deliberate killing by humans andlarge-scale habitat loss due to an increasing human population. We recommend increased research to better understandthe biology of this charismatic species and continued conservation education and community outreach programs tofacilitate the development of effective conservation strategies

First report of leucism for the kraits Bungarus walli Wall, 1907 and B. niger Wall, 1908, with updates on their geographic distribution in Nepal (Serpentes, Elapidae)

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Societas Europaea Herpetologica in Herpetology Notes. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.biotaxa.org/hn/article/view/62989Six species of kraits, genus Bungarus, have been recorded in Nepal (e.g., Schleich and Kästle, 2002; Sharma et al., 2013), including B. bungaroides (Cantor, 1839), B. caeruleus (Schneider, 1801), B. fasciatus (Schneider, 1801), B. lividus Cantor, 1839, B. niger Wall, 1908, and B. walli Wall, 1907. These species occur from the lowland habitats of the Terai Plains along the Nepal-India border into habitats at intermediate elevations in the Siwalik Hills and into the Mahabharat Range (Joshi et al., 2019), extending in the case of B. caeruleus, the most commonly encountered krait in Nepal, up to elevations of at least 1525 m, and up to 1730 m in B. bungaroides (Schleich and Kästle, 2002; Sharma et al., 2013). All of these species appear to be of medical importance as a cause of snakebite mortality and morbidity (e.g., Bhetwal et al., 1998; Pandey, 2015). It is noteworthy that confirmed records of kraits in Nepal display a patchiness consistent with intermittent sampling: while some species probably have a countrywide distribution, records tend to exist primarily for areas of high human population concentration where sampling and the incidence of snakebite can be expected at greater frequency (e.g., B. caeruleus, B. fasciatus, B. lividus). On the other hand, some species cluster only in the southeasternmost extreme of the country (B. bungaroides, B. walli), and given their distribution in neighbouring countries, this sampling may reflect reality