Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel

A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Thermodynamical investigations of some non-electrolytic ternary mixtures

308-315Molar excess volume,  and molar excess enthalpies HEijk of various nitrobenzene (i) + benzene (j) + toluene (k) nitrobenzene (i) + benzene (j) + o- xylene (k) and nitrobenzene (i) + benzene (j) +p-xylene (k) ternary mixtures have been measured as a function of composition at 298.15 K. The observed data have been analysed in terms of i) Graph theory, ii) Sanchez and Lacombe and iii) Flory's theories. The calculated XEijk values (X = V or H) by Graph and Flory's theories compare well with their corresponding experimental values