Influence de l’Image et de la Valence de l’Experience sur la Fidelite a la Marque

Dans un environnement commercial en perpétuelle mutation, les consommateurs se trouvent confrontés à un large éventail d'options et d'offres. Face à l'augmentation du nombre de marques concurrentes proposant des produits similaires, leur tendance à changer de préférences s'est intensifiée. Dans un tel contexte, établir et préserver des relations durables avec les clients par le biais de la fidélité représente un défi crucial pour les gestionnaires de marques et les professionnels du marketing. L'objectif de cette étude est d'approfondir la compréhension du mécanisme de fidélisation et des éléments qui le stimulent. Pour ce faire, une méthode expérimentale a été appliquée sur un échantillon de 240 étudiants de l'Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, répartis en huit groupes expérimentaux. Ces groupes ont été exposés à des scénarios où deux marques de téléphones, choisies suite à une pré-enquête pour leur image de marque, ont été mises en concurrence. Les principaux résultats obtenus montrent que, quelle que soit l’image de marque, les groupes soumis à la valence positive de l’expérience ont l’intention de réitérer leur achat de la marque, contrairement aux groupes soumis à la valence négative de l’expérience. Par ailleurs, après analyse des niveaux de fidélité, il apparaît que les marques perçues positivement attirent davantage de fidélité que celles perçues négativement, sans égard à la valence de l’expérience mise en jeu. Cette recherche met en évidence l'influence de l'image de marque et de la valence de l'expérience sur la fidélité des consommateurs, tout en soulignant que le lien entre la valence de l'expérience et la fidélité n'est pas systématique. Ces découvertes offrent des perspectives importantes aux professionnels du marketing désireux de comprendre les dynamiques de fidélité selon différents types de marques.   In a constantly evolving commercial environment, consumers find themselves faced with a broad spectrum of options and offers. Given the increase in the number of competing brands offering similar products, their tendency to change preferences has intensified. In such a context, establishing and maintaining long-term relationships with customers through loyalty presents a crucial challenge for brand managers and marketing professionals. The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of the loyalty mechanism and the elements that stimulate it. To achieve this, an experimental method was applied to a sample of 240 students from Félix Houphouët Boigny University, divided into eight experimental groups. These groups were exposed to scenarios where two phone brands, selected based on a pre-survey for their brand image, were put in competition. The main findings show that regardless of the brand image, groups subjected to a positive valence of the experience intend to repeat their purchase of the brand, unlike groups subjected to a negative valence of the experience. Furthermore, upon analyzing levels of loyalty, it appears that brands perceived positively attract more loyalty than those perceived negatively, regardless of the valence of the experience involved. This research highlights the influence of brand image and experience valence on consumer loyalty, while emphasizing that the link between experience valence and loyalty is not systematic. These findings offer significant insights for marketing professionals seeking to understand loyalty dynamics across different types of brands

Influence de l’Image de Marque et de la Valence de l“Expérience sur la Fidélité à la Marque

Les études actuelles mettent de plus en plus en avant l’importance de la fidélité des clients dans la réussite d’une entreprise. Afin d’approfondir notre compréhension du processus de fidélisation et des facteurs qui l’alimentent, cette étude, principalement expérimentale, a été menée auprès 240 participants régulièrement inscrits à l’Université Félix Houphouët Boigny. Les données recueillies à l’aide du questionnaire et analysées via le logiciel SPSS révèlent un lien étroit entre la fidélité à la marque et les variables telles que l’image de marque et la valence de l’expérience du consommateur. Cependant, cette relation n’est pas systématique. Plus précisément, malgré une expérience positive, il arrive que certains participants changent de marque au détriment de la marque perçue positivement. La fidélité s’avère plus marquée envers les marques ayant une image favorable. Ces résultats ont des implications directes pour des professionnels du marketing qui cherchent à comprendre les manifestations de la fidélité pour différents types de marques.   Current studies are increasingly highlighting the importance of customer loyalty to a company's success. In order to deepen our understanding of the loyalty process and the factors that drive it, this mainly experimental study was conducted with 240 participants regularly enrolled at the Université Félix Houphouët Boigny. The data collected using the questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software revealed a close link between brand loyalty and variables such as brand image and the valence of the consumer experience. However, this relationship is not systematic. More specifically, despite a positive experience, some participants may switch to a brand that is perceived as positive. Loyalty is more marked towards brands with a favourable image. These results have direct implications for marketing professionals seeking to understand the manifestations of loyalty for different types of brands

Strengthening the Effectiveness of Aid Delivery in Teacher Education: A Fiji Case Study

As a result of increasing development challenges and higher aid allocations to the Pacific, questions of aid effectiveness have become increasingly important. Efforts to professionalise aid delivery tools have been accompanied by debates over whether delivery tools are effective and compatible with more democratic and empowering relationships with beneficiaries. My research examines the effectiveness of international aid to teacher development, using the AusAID funded projects at Lautoka Teachers' College as a case study and the Fiji College of Advanced Education as background study. The conditions governing aid delivery mechanisms are explored, including logical frameworks, participatory processes, and financial probity. These conditions have been drawn from the 'Paris Declaration of Aid Effectiveness' and each is considered to be critical if aid effectiveness is to be enhanced and the investment sustained. Based on participatory research methodology, carried out through 'talanoa sessions', semià à ¢ structured interviews, and analysis of programme documents, the study explored the extent to which aid programmes and management practices are constrained by donor conditions, succeed in meeting their stated aims, and what sort of unintended consequences are generated. Further, the research identified how aid can best improve future aid to the Fiji education system through its delivery, impact and sustainability for national development, as laid out in the Pacific Principles of Aid Effectiveness The study also highlights the growing convergence between the 'aid donors' interests' and 'aid recipients' needs'. The debate on this relationship is necessary to reinvigorate thinking on the effectiveness of aid delivery for Fiji. The study draws up a practical framework, an aid bure designed as a heuristic device to assess the effectiveness of aid delivery for Fiji. The model may also be relevant to the wider Pacific context, and contribute to the global quest for a concrete guide to best practice which above all will continue to foster more sensitive, effective and enduring links between recipient countries and international aid donors

Design of a University Course for the Training of Biology Teachers in a Virtual Environment (Analysis of Results Taking into Account Students' Attitudes to the E-learning)

Over the last decade, the concept of "designing e-learning" in the field of higher education has been in the focus of various research communities. Given the increasing number of e-learning publications, the issue of a university course model is becoming a widely discussed topic. The aim of the article is to present a specific solution related to the design of a traditionally organized course in electronic, for the preparation of future teachers of biology. The research process of designing a theoretically based model of pedagogical activity within the framework of a university e-learning course, including stepwise steps in its creation, following the phases of the ADDIE model, is briefly described. Using statistical tests to verify hypotheses (relative percentages), a comparison of the results obtained, taking into account the attitudes of the students before and after the e-learning, was made

Proficiency Testing of Viral Marker Screening in African Blood Centers - Seven African Countries, 2017.

A 2014 report evaluating accuracy of serologic testing for transfusion-transmissible viruses at African blood center laboratories found sensitivities of 92%, 87%, and 90% for detecting infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively (1). Following substantial investments in national blood transfusion service (NBTS) laboratories, in 2017 investigators tested proficiency at 84 blood center laboratories (29 NBTS and 55 non-NBTS) in seven African countries. A blinded panel of 25 plasma samples was shipped to each participating laboratory for testing with their usual protocols based on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) (2) and third and fourth generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA-3 and EIA-4). Sensitivity and specificity were estimated using separate regression models that clustered assays by laboratory and adjusted for assay type and NBTS laboratory status. Mean specificities were ≥95% for all three viruses; however, mean sensitivities were 97% for HIV-positive, 76% for HBV-positive, and 80% for HCV-positive samples. Testing sensitivities for all viruses were high when EIA-3 assays were used (≥97%). Lower sensitivities for HBV-positive samples and HCV-positive samples were associated with assay types other than EIA-3, used primarily by non-NBTS laboratories. Proficiency for HIV testing has improved following international investments, but proficiency remains suboptimal for HBV and HCV testing. In sub-Saharan African blood centers, the quality of rapid tests used for HBV and HCV screening needs to be improved or their use discouraged in favor of EIA-3 tests

Test Generation and Evaluation from High-Level Properties for Common Criteria Evaluations - The TASCCC Testing Tool

International audienceIn this paper, we present a model-based testing tool resulting from a research project, named TASCCC. This tool is a complete tool chain dedicated to property-based testing in UML/OCL, that integrates various technologies inside a dedicated Eclipse plug-in. The test properties are expressed in a dedicated language based on property patterns. These properties are then used for two purposes. First, they can be employed to evaluate the relevance of a test suite according to specific coverage criteria. Second, it is possible to generate test scenarios that will illustrate or exercise the property. These test scenarios are then unfolded and animated on the Smartesting's CertifyIt model animator, that is used to filter out infeasible sequences. This tool has been used in industrial partnership, aiming at providing an assistance for Common Criteria evaluations, especially by providing test generation reports used to show the link between the test cases and the Common Criteria artefacts

Serological and Molecular Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Clinical Samples from Veterinarians and Cattle Farm Workers from Gabrovo Region, Bulgaria

Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever, is a highly infectious agent that is widespread around the world.  During the last decades, the number of cases reported in Bulgaria varied from year to year. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii infection using ELISA and conventional PCR among freelance veterinarians and cattle farm workers in Gabrovo province, Bulgaria. In the period April 2020 to June, 2021 a total of 154 blood samples of target group was tested in the National Reference Laboratory of Cell cultures, rickettsia and oncogenic viruses (NRL CCROV) at NCIPD - Sofia. Diagnosis of C. burnetii was performed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA (anti-Coxiella burnetii ph. II IgG/IgM) and by end-point PCR technique (to detect the sodB gene region of C. burnetii). By indirect ELISA assay of the tested 154 clinical samples, anti-C. burnetii positive ph. II IgM antibodies were registered in 37% of samples. A relatively high percentage are affected in the active age between 50-60 years old. Anti-C. burnetii positive ph. II IgG antibodies were proven at 50% of tested samples. A positive PCR signal for C. burnetii DNA was obtained at 37/154 (20% of samples) and follows the above reported trend of acute infection of active age patients. Around 10% of tested samples were positive for three C. burnetii laboratory markers. We conclude that Q fever is endemic in Bulgaria. More research is necessary in different Bulgarian regions to set the human risk groups, to diagnose acute and chronic Q fever and to determine the economic impact of Q fever in the cattle industry. In the NRL CCROV was developed diagnostic scheme including complex methods to improve early laboratory diagnosis of C. burnetii, allowing taking proper treatment of suspected with Q fever patients

Synthesis and Inhibiting Activity of Some 4-Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives on HIV-1 Protease

Six novel 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives were rationally synthesized, verified, and characterized by molecular docking using crystal HIV-1 protease. Molecular docking studies predicted antiprotease activity of (7) and (10). The most significant functional groups, responsible for the interaction with HIV-1 protease by hydrogen bonds formation are pyran oxygen, atom, lactone carbonyl oxygen and one of the hydroxyl groups. The newly synthesized compounds were biologically tested in MT-4 cells for inhibiting HIV-1 replication, exploring the protection of cells from the cytopathic effect of HIV measured by cell survival in MTT test. One derivative −7 showed 76–78% inhibition of virus infectivity with IC50 = 0.01 nM, much less than the maximal nontoxic concentration (1 mM). Antiprotease activity of 7 in two different concentrations was detected to be 25%. Nevertheless, the results of study of (7) encourage using it as a pharmacophore for further synthesis and evaluation of anti-HIV activity

Mini Review: Q Fever (Coxiellosis): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Current Laboratory Diagnosis

Q fever is zooantroponozis with global distribution caused by the strictly intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Causative agent of Q fever is an obligate intracellular parasite, classified in the genus Coxiella, family Coxiellaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria. The importance of the disease was assessed both in terms of human health and the serious economic damage they cause on livestock. Clinical manifestation of Q fever in humans is characterized by a wide variety - from asymptomatic infection to a chronic disease that can be fatal. Several basic methods have been developed to detection of C. burnetii. PCR and C. burnetii genomic sequences in whole blood are a sensitive and safe method of detection, with >90% sensitivity. A four-fold or greater rise of (CF) antibody (phase 2) between the paired sera is also diagnostic approach. Sensitivity of a four-fold rise in titre has been estimated as 73% ÷78% and specificity has been estimated as 90%, respectively. EIA is method with highly sensitive and specific. EIA detect IgM and then IgG antibodies which develop to phase II antigens in 10 to 14 days from symptom onset. IFA tests are of particular value for confirmation of acute infection and for diagnosis of chronic infection with high sensitivity. The technique detected IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulin classes. Suitable specimens for C. burnetii detection are blood samples. Although scientific interest in Q fever has always existed, a number of facts concerning the unforeseen nature of the epidemic, various clinical manifestations both in humans and in animals, the opportunities for chronic and other features of infection remain unclear. For this reason, timely and highly sensitive laboratory diagnosis is crucial for the outcome of the disease and subsequent treatment and monitoring

INHIBITION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION BY SOME SELECTED ANTITUMOR TITANIUM(III)-BASED COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

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