Haemato-biochemical Response to Lignocaine alone or in Combination with Xylazine for Epidural Analgesia in Cow Calves

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of local analgesic (lignocaine) alone or in combination withalpha-2 adrenergic agonist (xylazine) on haemato-biochemical parameters. The study was conducted on 12 healthy male cowcalves, which were divided into two equal groups (group A and group B), and induced into two equal quantity of lignocainealone (group A) or in combination with xylazine (group B). Haematological and biochemical parameters were measued beforeand at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240 minutes and 24 hours intervals after administration of drugs. No significant changes were observedin animals of the group A, except the significant increase (P <0.01) in serum glucose concentration from 30 to 120minutes intervals. In group B, a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume was observed after 30 minutes, which persisted up to 120 minutes interval as compared to base value. There was a significant decrease in total leucocytes count at 60 minutes interval and a significant increase in neutrophils percent and simultaneous decrease in lymphocytes percent between 60 to 120 minutes intervals. In addition, a significant (P <0.01) increase in serum glucose concentration from 30 to 240 minutes intervals was observed. The decrease in serum total proteins (P <0.05), and the increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (P <0.05) levels, and in ALT and AST (P <0.01) activities were significant between 60 to 120 minutes intervals. The values were returned to normalcy by 24 hours in both groups. Thus, epidural xylazine along with local anaesthetic can be safely used in cow calves as it caused transient haemato-biochemical alterations

Elektromagnetické interferenční stínící vlastnosti nanokompozitů na bázi polyvinylchloridu (PVC), titaničitanu barnatého (BaTiO3) a oxidu nikelnatého (NiO) \ t

Nanokompozitní filmy z polyvinylchloridu / titaničitanu barnatého / oxidu nikelnatého (PVC / BaTiO3 / NiO) byly připraveny metodou odlévání rozpouštědlem a byla zkoumána jejich účinnost stínění elektromagnetickou interferencí (EMI) (SE) s ohledem na variabilní zatížení nanofillerem. Studie rentgenové difrakce (XRD), infračervené spektroskopie s Fourierovou transformací (FTIR) a rastrovací elektronovou mikroskopií (SEM) byly provedeny za účelem zjištění morfologie povrchu, funkčních skupin a stavu disperze nanoplniv v nanokompozitech. Interfaciální interakce mezi PVC, BaTiO3 a NiO při různých nanofillerových zatíženích byla zřejmá z analýzy FTIR, zatímco mikrografy SEM vykazují rovnoměrnou disperzi nanoplniv v polymerní matrici. EMI SE z nanokompozitů PVC / BaTiO3 / NiO v kmitočtovém pásmu 12GHz – 18 GHz (Ku-pásmo) byla zkoumána pomocí vektorového síťového analyzátoru. Studie EMI SE odhalily vliv nanofillerů na vodivost a EMI SE nanokompozitů poskytujících maximální EMI SE −18,7dB.Polyvinylchloride/barium titanate/nickel oxide (PVC/BaTiO3/NiO) nanocomposite films were prepared by solvent casting method and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) was investigated with respect to variable nanofiller loadings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to ascertain surface morphology, functional groups and dispersion state of the nanofillers in the nanocomposites. The interfacial interaction between PVC, BaTiO3 and NiO at different nanofiller loadings was evident from FTIR analysis while SEM micrographs show uniform dispersion of nanofillers in the polymer matrix. The EMI SE of PVC/BaTiO3/NiO nanocomposites in the frequency range 12 GHz–18 GHz (Ku-band) were investigated using vector network analyzer. The EMI SE studies revealed the impact of nanofiller addition on the conductivity and the EMI SE of the nanocomposites yielding maximum EMI SE of −18.7 dB

A NOVEL PROPOSED NETWORK SECURITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR CYBER ATTACKS

Network security is a discipline that focuses on securing networks from unauthorized access. Given the escalating threats of malicious cyber attacks, modern enterprises employ multiple lines of defense. A comprehensive defense strategy against such attacks should include (1) an attack detection component that determines the fact that a program is compromised, (2) an attack identification and prevention component that identifies attack packets so that one can block such packets in the future and prevents the attack from further propagation. Over the last decade, a significant amount of research has been vested in the systems that can detect cyber attacks either statically at compile time or dynamically at run time. However, not much effort is spent on automated attack packet identification or attack prevention. In this paper we present a unified solution to the problems mentioned above. We implemented this solution after the forward engineering of Open Source Security Information Management (OSSIM) system called Preventive Information Security management (PrISM) system that correlates input from different sensors so that the resulting product can automatically detect any cyber attack against it, and prevents by identifying the actual attack packet(s). The PrISM was always able to detect the attacks, identify the attack packets and most often prevent by blocking the attacker's IP address to continue normal execution. There is no additional run-time performance overhead for attack prevention

Hybrid precoding design for secure smart-grid enabled MIMO wireless communications in Industry 5.0

Secure and reliable wireless communication systems are essential for the successful integration of smart grid-enabled wireless communications and Industry 5.0 applications. This work proposes a hybrid precoding design for secure smart-grid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications in Industry 5.0 to maximize the average secrecy capacity of the system while minimizing user outages crucial for maintaining the security and privacy of sensitive data in critical infrastructure. To achieve this, we develop a mathematical model that considers the impact of various system parameters, such as eavesdropping and interference caused by the active eavesdropper and noise, on the secrecy capacity. To find an efficient solution to the optimization problem, we propose an algorithm that decouples the original optimization problem into a series of subproblems and uses iterative techniques to find the optimal values, thereby improving computational efficiency. The hybrid precoding scheme is an effective technique for optimizing the design parameters of MIMO-based secure wireless communication systems. Our proposed approach provides a practical solution for achieving this optimization. Our numerical results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms traditional benchmark schemes, maximizing the average secrecy capacity while minimizing user outages. Our work highlights the importance of secure wireless communication systems in Industry 5.0 and smart grid applications. The proposed approach provides an efficient method for designing secure wireless communication systems that can effectively address the unique challenges posed by these critical infrastructure systems

Dynamická mechanická analýza a širokopásmové elektromagnetické stínění charakteristik terciárních nanokompozitů na bázi poly (vinylalkohol) -poly (kyselina 4-styrensulfonová) -oxid titaničitý

Nové terciární nanokompozitní filmy obsahující poly (vinylalkohol) (PVA), poly (4-styrensulfonovou kyselinu) (PSSA) a nanočástice oxidu titaničitého (Ti02) (NPS) byly připraveny jednoduchým způsobem odlévání - rozpouštědlem. Byly zkoumány strukturní, tepelné, morfologické, termomechanické a elektromagnetické interference (EMI) stínící vlastnosti nanokompozitních filmů PVA / PSSA / TiO2. Účinnost stínění EMI (SE) nanokompozitních filmů PVA / PSSA / TiO2 v pásmu X a Ku byla 12 dB a 13 dB při 25% hmotnostních TiO2 NPs. Tyto výsledky demonstrují možné aplikace nanokompozitních fólií PVA / PSSA / TiO2 jako nízkonákladový, lehký a flexibilní materiál pro stínění EMI.Novel tertiary nanocomposite films comprising of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPS) were prepared using simple solvent casting method. The structural, thermal, morphological, thermo-mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of PVA/PSSA/TiO2 nanocomposite films were investigated. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of PVA/PSSA/TiO2 nanocomposite films in the X and Ku band was found to be 12 dB and 13 dB respectively at 25 wt% TiO2 NPs loading. These results demonstrate the possible applications of PVA/PSSA/TiO2 nanocomposite films as low cost, lightweight and flexible material for EMI shielding

White graphene reinforced polypyrrole and poly(vinyl alcohol) blend nanocomposites as chemiresistive sensors for room temperature detection of liquid petroleum gases

The authors describe the preparation of PVA/WPPy/hBNNP nanocomposite films by solution casting method from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), water soluble polypyrrole (WPPy), and using hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBNNP) as a reinforcing filler element. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the material are characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films are shown to be viable chemiresistive sensors for sensitive and selective detection of liquid petroleum gas (LPG). The effect of hBNNP loading on the sensing performance was investigated. The nanocomposite films possess good mechanical flexibility and improved tensile strength. These PVA/WPPy/hBNNP nanocomposite film showed a maximum sensitivity (S, defined as a signal change compared to pure air) to LPG of up to S = 0.25% at a 600 ppm concentration at room temperature with response/recovery times of ~30/32 min for 6 wt% hBNNP loading in a PVA/WPPy matrix. The nanocomposite with 6 wt% filler loading shows good selectivity for LPG over vapors of benzene, chloroform, ethanol and acetone. Therefore, this sensor film is a good candidate for qualitative detection of LPG.Scopu

Phantom study on surgical performance in augmented reality laparoscopy

Purpose Only a few studies have evaluated Augmented Reality (AR) in in vivo simulations compared to traditional laparoscopy;further research is especially needed regarding the most effective AR visualization technique. This pilot study aims to determine, under controlled conditions on a 3D-printed phantom, whether an AR laparoscope improves surgical outcomes over conventional laparoscopy without augmentation. Methods We selected six surgical residents at a similar level of training and had them perform a laparoscopic task. The participants repeated the experiment three times, using different 3D phantoms and visualizations: Floating AR, Occlusion AR, and without any AR visualization (Control). Surgical performance was determined using objective measurements. Subjective measures, such as task load and potential application areas, were collected with questionnaires. Results Differences in operative time, total touching time, and SurgTLX scores showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). However, when assessing the invasiveness of the simulated intervention, the comparison revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009). Participants felt AR could be useful for various surgeries, especially for liver, sigmoid, and pancreatic resections (100%). Almost all participants agreed that AR could potentially lead to improved surgical parameters, such as operative time (83%), complication rate (83%), and identifying risk structures (83%). Conclusion According to our results, AR may have great potential in visceral surgery and based on the objective measures of the study, may improve surgeons' performance in terms of an atraumatic approach. In this pilot study, participants consistently took more time to complete the task, had more contact with the vascular tree, were significantly more invasive, and scored higher on the SurgTLX survey than with AR

Significantly enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of montmorillonite nanoclay and copper oxide nanoparticles based polyvinylchloride nanocomposites

In the present study, montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) reinforced polyvinylchloride (PVC) based flexible nanocomposite films were prepared via solvent casting technique. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), the structural, morphological and thermal properties of PVC/MMT/CuO nanocomposite films with various loadings of CuO NPs and MMT were investigated. These studies suggested that by the addition of dual nanofillers in the polymer matrix some structural modifications occurred owing to the homogenous dispersion of MMT and CuO NPs within the PVC matrix. The TGA results reveal that the addition of CuO NPs and MMT considerably improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of nanocomposites was examined in the X-band (8–12 GHz) and Ku-band (12–18 GHz) frequency regions. The EMI SE values were found to be ? 30 dB (X-band) and ? 35 dB (Ku-band) for nanocomposites containing 0.3 wt% of CuO NPs and 4.7 wt% of MMT respectively while the shielding was found to be absorption dominant. These results emphasize that PVC/MMT/CuO nanocomposite films can be used as a potential EMI shielding materia