Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities in women. It affects both reproductive life and overall health of the women including metabolic abnormalities. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in those with metabolic variations to prevent them from the long-term complications like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this article is to review the association between PCOS and metabolic syndrome

APPLICATION OF HYBRID PSOGA FOR OPTIMAL LOCATION OF SVC TO IMPROVE VOLTAGE STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEM

Due to huge increase in power demand, modern power system networks are being operated under highly stressed conditions. This has resulted into the difficulty in meeting reactive power requirement and maintaining the bus voltage within acceptable limits. Voltage instability in the system occurs in the form of a progressive decay in voltage magnitude at some of the buses. The problems of voltage instability and voltage collapse are the major concerns in the operation of power system. It is very important to do the power system analysis with respect to voltage stability. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device in a power system improves the stability, enhances the voltage stability margin and reduces the power losses. Identification of location of FACTS device in the power system is very important task. Research is carried out to investigate application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and hybrid PSOGA to find optimal location and rated value of SVC device to minimize the voltage stability index, total power loss, load voltage deviation, cost of generation and cost of FACTS device to improve voltage stability in the power system. Optimal location and rated value of SVC device have been found for different loading scenario using PSO, GA and PSOGA. It is observed from the results that the voltages stability margin is improved, voltage profile of the power system is increased, load voltage deviation is reduced and real power losses also reduced by optimally locating SVC device in the power system. The proposed algorithm is verified with IEEE 14 bus and 30 bus power system

Institutional support for tribal farmer interest groups in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India

Globally small and marginal tribal farmers situation is worse because of poor marketing system and lack of quality input and technical services. This worse situation can be empowered through group approach like Farmer Producer Organization (FPO), Farmers Interest Group (FIG) and Self Help Group (SHG). FIG is a self-managed, independent group of farmers with a shared goal and interest. This is usually formed by 15-20 members. It is evidenced that the profitability in farming would be possible in groups rather than practising it individually. This is particularly the case where farmers organize themselves to respond to credit and input needs, marketing concerns, etc., as there are clear economic benefits of working in groups. The present study is aimed to investigate the level of institutional support for tribal Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs) in Erode district. A cent per cent of the respondents (100.00%) admitted that they received support for getting information regarding input availability, subsidiary activities, various schemes of the state department of agriculture. The vast majority of the respondents received information on technical support on production aspects of crop production (98.00%) and received credit support whenever needed (98.00%). Institutions like NGOs, State Department of Agriculture played a major role in improving the standard of living of these tribal people. They received support from the institution from production to marketing and value addition. However,  they did not get proper guidance for soil testing and quality testing of inputs. Because of remoteness, they received a medium level of institutional support

Study of Phytochemical Analysis and Invitro Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory Activitys of Cyperus Rotundus

Our study clearly shows that Cyperus rotundus caused marked hypoglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rat model which indicates anti-diabetic potentials of the methanol extract and test isolated compounds. The compound Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-rhamnoside isolated from Cyperus rotundus tubers tested for anti-diabetic activity as it significantly lowered the serum glucose levels and increased the body weight of diabetic rats. In this experiment, the dose of 200 mg / kg produced the highest anti-diabetic effect and this may suggest that this dose may be the effective anti-diabetic drug even though there might have some limitation due to the crude nature of the extract. The results here demonstrate for the first time the topical anti-inflammatory efficacy of cyperus rotundus extract suggesting that the extract could be a potential new therapeutic tool for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Summary: The present work is to isolate a flavonoid glycoside from tubers of Cyperus rotundus using chromatography separation techniques, spectral characterization and its anti-diabetic activity. The structure of the isolated compound was purified, analyzed and characterized by chemical tests, HPLC and spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The blood sugar level was measured by digital display glucometer. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of a flavonol glycoside and it’s identified peak with the retention time of 24.8 min and exhibited two major peaks at 360 nm (band-I) and 261 nm (band-II). The tubers of Cyperus rotundus have been found to contain Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7- O-rhamnoside. The highest activity of Cyperus rotundus tubers extract in this experiment was observed at the dose of 200 mg / kg of isolated compound while the reference drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) had a superior activity when compared with Cyperus rotundus tubers extract. The topical anti-inflammatory efficacy of cyperus rotundus extract suggesting that the extract could be a potential new therapeutic tool for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders

Does the Digital Environment Improve Modern Users\u27 Internet Awareness?

This paper traces users\u27 Internet literacy level by measuring their Library visit and attitude towards the library as a means of access to electronic resources. Modern users\u27 dependence on the Internet increases day by day. The value of any product that exists in the market can be measured in terms of use. The present study revolves around users\u27 frequency of library visits and their Internet awareness levels. The research questions are; do modern users\u27 library visits differ? ; do the users\u27 Internet awareness levels differ? ; do the users\u27 library visits influence them to upgrade their awareness of the Internet

Wurtzite ZnSe quantum dots: synthesis, characterization and PL properties

A facile method for synthesis of monodispersed, starch-capped ZnSe nanoparticles at room temperature is being reported. The nanoparticles exhibited strong quantum confinement effect with respect to the bulk ZnSe. The transmission electron microscopy image indicated that the particles were well dispersed and spherical in shape. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the ZnSe nanoparticles were of the wurtzite structure, with average particle diameter of about 3.6 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of starch as passivating agent

Water resource analysis of Minjur Block Thiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu using GIS and remotesensing

The study attempts to analyses the water resource availability and its condition in Minjur block. It studies about the water level and its quality of the study area, and examine the condition of water resource and its impact on local community. The region is facing problems related to water level and quality due to industrial pollution, Water scarcity in part of the district due to unfavorable hydro geological set up (Minjur Block). The area faces an alarming situation related to ground water and its level of availability. The study attempts to explore the need of water resources for agriculture and industrial of the region. The base map of Minjur block prepared from survey of India Toposheet on 1:250,000 scale. Temporal variation of water quality analysis will be using SPSS software. Rainfall data will be converted to spatially for annual rainfall using GIS Tool. Satellite imagery has been used for land use and land cover using remote sensing

Efficacy of early versus late postpartum DIPSI test in gestational diabetes mellitus women for follow up

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate if postpartum gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening can be performed during immediate post-delivery 72 hrs instead of six weeks postpartum for follow-up. Methods: Total 150 GDM patients were included. The sample size was calculated as 150 with Nimaster2.0 software. GDM patients are enrolled after meeting the exclusion criteria for the study. The GDM diagnosis was made by DIPSI test and treated as per guidelines. After delivery, the Dipsi test was done on PND-3 (PP1). Furthermore, all were kept on LSM irrespective of the glycaemic level DIPSI test was repeated in all Patients after 45 days (PP2). Results: All 150 patients had a DIPSI test on 3rd day post-partum (PP1) and repeat test at 45 days (PP2)., Of these, 60 patients (40%) showed negative DIPSI test on P1 and all remained in Group 1, with 63 patients having negative DIPSI test on PP2. 50 patients (33.3%) had blood glucose between 140-199 mg (Group 2) on PP1 and increased to 53 patients in PP2 in 45 days. 40 patients had diabetic (26.6%) value (Group 3) in PP1, and out of them 34 (22.6%) remained in group 3 in PP2 after 45 days post-partum. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that nearly 60% of the GDM patient have either IGT or diabetic value following delivery on 3rd day of PP1 and almost similar results in PP2. Hence, we can do the postpartum screening on the postpartum 3rd day and need not wait for 6 wks when more than 50% is lost for follow-up. This study shows among GDM 60% of them have underlying beta cell dysfunction

Studies on the Impact of Altitudinal Gradient on Ammonium Assimilatory Metabolism in Glycine max L. (Fabaceae)

Seedlings of Glycine max L. were grown, transplanted and acclimatized for 60 days at different altitudes (250, 400 and 1600 m). Response to shift in altitude was observed in the plants. Shoot length decreased with the increase in the altitude, while root length followed a reverse trend. Biomass accumulation in shoot and roots of G. max was the maximum at high altitude. Total soluble protein content was significantly high at low altitude in the shoot and the roots. Free tissue ammonia level in this species showed positive correlation with increasing altitude. Ammonium assimilatory enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were studied. GS/ GOGAT specific and total activity were altitude sensitive, whereas GDH activity exhibited inverse trend. Results indicate that there is a positive shift in ammonium assimilatory pathway in plants growing at high altitude