187 research outputs found
Appropriations du cadre de l'association des usagers des eaux agricoles par les irrigants au Maroc. Analyse comparative de cas au Moyen Atlas et Moyen Sebou
International audienceDes constats d'Ă©chec de transfert de gestion (de l'Ătat aux associations d'irrigants) ou de rejet des AUEA (cas de systĂšmes d'irrigation traditionnels) ont souvent Ă©tĂ© faits. D'oĂč l'idĂ©e de nous intĂ©resser Ă des cas de rĂ©ussite oĂč des associations commencent Ă prendre en charge la gestion de l'irrigation. L'objectif de la prĂ©sente communication consiste Ă montrer comment le modĂšle AUEA est appropriĂ© par les irrigants dans des contextes diffĂ©rents (moyenne hydraulique et petite hydraulique). Sur la base d'une analyse comparative de deux situations diffĂ©rentes, la premiĂšre concerne un pĂ©rimĂštre irriguĂ© de taille moyenne rĂ©cemment crĂ©Ă© par l'Ătat, l'autre s'intĂ©resse Ă des petits pĂ©rimĂštres d'origine ancestrale, il s'agit de dĂ©terminer les facteurs qui favorisent le processus d'appropriation de l'AUEA comme forme organisationnelle par les irrigants. Les observations de terrain montrent que les dynamiques institutionnelles en cours ont souvent pour origine des initiatives locales prises pour amĂ©liorer le mode de gestion. Une fois appropriĂ©e, l'AUEA fonctionne diffĂ©remment du modĂšle conçu. Au Maroc, les systĂšmes d'irrigation prĂ©sentent une grande diversitĂ©. L'Etat est entrain de mettre en place une nouvelle stratĂ©gie en matiĂšre de gestion des ressources en eau. Aussi, diffĂ©rents projets sont conduits pour amĂ©liorer la gestion collective de l'irrigation. Ils se veulent participatifs et visent une prise en charge de la gestion des rĂ©seaux d'irrigation selon un mĂȘme modĂšle d'association d'usagers de l'eau agricole (AUEA). Aussi, l'objectif de la prĂ©sente communication est de voir comment ce modĂšle est utilisĂ© par les irrigants dans diffĂ©rents contextes. En effet, les sorts rĂ©servĂ©s Ă cette innovation institutionnelle sont multiples, allant du simple rejet Ă son appropriation effective. L'idĂ©e principale est de comprendre les processus d'appropriation observĂ©s chez certaines communautĂ©s d'irrigants. Puis, en dĂ©duire certaines conditions nĂ©cessaires pour une rĂ©elle prise en charge des systĂšmes d'irrigation par les agriculteurs. Les situations de rejet des tentatives de greffage des AUEA au sein des communautĂ©s d'irrigants sont Ă©galement observĂ©es. Elles prĂ©sentent des illustrations des diffĂ©rences de conception et de logique entre les pouvoirs publics et les populations locales
Repair the old concrete parts of the Hydro Plant "LUMBARDHI" in Decan-Kosova
Request for reactivate the Hydro Plant is directly depend of the state of the accumulatewater basin. The present state of the part of concrete was critical and impossible forusing the water accumulations.The concrete parts are damage during the long period of attack from different factors.Removing and replacement of the parts of old concrete is directly in connections with the examinationsof concrete and after the proposal the new materials and methodology for repairing.In this study work we used the nondestructive and destructive methods for analyses the existingconcrete state for proposal the new materials, especially in the surface treatments
Report of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Hypertension Teaching Seminar organized by the ISH Africa Regional Advisory Group: Maputo, Mozambique, 2016
The International Society of Hypertension (ISH), in fulfilment of its mission of promoting hypertension control and prevention and also of advancing knowledge globally, organizes hypertension teaching seminars or âsummer schoolsâ worldwide through the ISH Regional Advisory Groups. In Africa, seven of such seminars have been organized. This is a report of the eighth seminar held in Maputo, Mozambique, April, 2016. The seminar was attended by over 65 participants from 11 African countries. The Faculty consisted of 11 international hypertension experts. The eighth African hypertension seminar was a great success as confirmed by a pre- and post-test questionnaire
Les osteomes sinusiens a extension orbitaire a propos de trois cas
Introduction : LâostĂ©ome des sinus paranasaux est une tumeur bĂ©nigne rare, dĂ©volution lente et qui peut ĂȘtre responsable de complications ophtalmologiques, sinusiennes et endocrĂąniennes. Son traitement lorsquâil sâimpose, nâest que chirurgical.Observations : Nous rapportons les observations mĂ©dicales de trois patients opĂ©rĂ©s dans le service dâORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de lâhĂŽpital 20 aout de Casablanca pour des ostĂ©omes sinusiens a extension orbitaire. Lâorigine de lâostĂ©ome Ă©tait frontale dans 1 cas et ethmoĂŻdal dans 2 cas. La tumeur Ă©tait le plus souvent rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par une exophtalmie dâapparition progressive associĂ©e ou non a des cĂ©phalĂ©es Lâindication opĂ©ratoire a Ă©tĂ© posĂ©e chez les trois malades. La voie dâabord a Ă©tĂ© transfaciale dans deux cas et bicoronale dans un cas. LâĂ©volution a Ă©tĂ© favorable chez tous les patients.Conclusion : : lâostĂ©ome sinusien est une nĂ©oformation osseuse bĂ©nigne dont le traitement est chirurgical dans les formes symptomatiques. La voie dâabord dĂ©pend de la localisation tumorale.Mots clĂ©s : OstĂ©ome, Sinus paranasaux, Extension orbitaire, Traitement.Objective : The osteoma of paranasal sinuses is a rare benign tumour, slow devolution and which may be responsible for ocular, intracranial and sinus complications. The treatment when it is required, is that surgical.Case report : We report the medical observations of three patients operated in the ENT service and cervical-facial surgery in the Hospital 20 August of Casablanca for sinus osteomas with orbital extension. The origin of the osteoma was frontal in one case, ethmoid in two cases. The tumor was most often revealed by a gradual exophthalmia associated or not with headache. The operative indication has been raised in three patients. The incision was transfacial in two cases and bicoronale in one case. The evolution was favorable in all patients.Conclusion: the sinus osteomas is a benign bone neoformation with surgical treatment in symptomatic forms. The surgical approach depends on tumor location.Keyswords : Osteoma, Paranasal sinuses, Orbital Extension, Treatment
INDIGENOUS USES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MENSTRUAL DISORDERS AND AFTER- CHILD BIRTH PROBLEMS IN ABEOKUTA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
A survey of plants used for the treatment of menstrual disorders and after-child birth problems was conducted in Abeokuta South Local Government. Hundred (100) questionnaires were administered using multi stage sampling method on traditional herbal practitioners. Ethnobotanical information such as, plants and plant parts used, methods of extraction used and mode of administration of the herbal preparations of these plants were requested. Also, phytochemical contents of the most frequently mentioned plants were determined. Data were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with probability set at p<0.05 and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that a total of fifty-six (56) plants belonging to 37 families were mentioned. The most frequently mentioned families are Euphorbiaceae, Leguminoceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae and Combretaceae. Sesamum indicum, Dioclea sarmentosa, Clausena anisata, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Alafia barteri, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Daniella oliveri, Lannea egregia and Alstonia boonei were the most frequently mentioned plants used in the treatment of menstrual disorders and after-childbirth problems. Leaves (34%), fruits (7%), flowers (3%), tubers (2%), stem-barks (28%), seeds (11%) , roots and barks (2%) and roots (13%) were the plantsĂÂ reported being used for the remedy of these disorders. Decoction (54%), squeezing (9%), grinding/squeezing (14%), paste (4%), exudation (4%), cooking (4%), soaking/ decoction/infusion (4%), and heating to ashes (4%) were the methods of extracting the bioactive principles of the plants using water (79%) as major solvent. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the quantities ofĂÂ ĂÂ tannins recorded in the leaves of Sesamun indicum, Dioclea sarmentosa, Clausena anisata, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Alafia barteri. Similar observations were found in the quantities of saponnins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenol. Highest values of tannins (0.32mg/g), saponnins (1.07mg/g), alkaloids (5.16mg/g), flavonoids (3.12mg/g) and phenol (0.09 mg/g) were determined in the leaves ofĂÂ ĂÂ Clausena anisata, Sesanum indicum, Dioclea sarmentosa and Alafia barteri. Across the roots of these plants, similar amount of tannins and saponnins were quantified. This observation varied significantly when compared with alkaloids, flavonoids and phenol quantified in the roots of plants. Highest tannins (1.67mg/g) and saponnins (3.33 mg/g) were recorded in the roots of Dioclea sarmentosa, alkaloids (4.33 mg/g) and flavonoid (6.33 mg/g) in Anogeissus leiocarpus while phenol (1.33 mg/g) was recorded in roots of Sesanum indicum. ĂÂ Key words:ĂÂ Menstrual Disorders, Childbirth Problems, phytochemical contents, Traditional practitioners, Indigenous plant
A Novel Approach for Education Indoor Air Quality Management using Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract: Learning environments are a very important component in the educational system, and have a major role in improving learners' performance. However changes in Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) factors such as temperature, CO2 level, and noise in addition to the number of students per class can harm learners' health and decrease their knowledge acquisition capacities. Due to the number of studies that showed how IEQ improvement leads to students' performance increase, this paper present the implementation, design and results of a WSN based IEQ monitoring system for the sake of students' performance improvement and decision making accuracy increase
Assessing Conservation Values: Biodiversity and Endemicity in Tropical Land Use Systems
Despite an increasing amount of data on the effects of tropical land use on continental forest fauna and flora, it is debatable whether the choice of the indicator variables allows for a proper evaluation of the role of modified habitats in mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. While many single-taxon studies have highlighted that species with narrow geographic ranges especially suffer from habitat modification, there is no multi-taxa study available which consistently focuses on geographic range composition of the studied indicator groups. We compiled geographic range data for 180 bird, 119 butterfly, 204 tree and 219 understorey plant species sampled along a gradient of habitat modification ranging from near-primary forest through young secondary forest and agroforestry systems to annual crops in the southwestern lowlands of Cameroon. We found very similar patterns of declining species richness with increasing habitat modification between taxon-specific groups of similar geographic range categories. At the 8 km2 spatial level, estimated richness of endemic species declined in all groups by 21% (birds) to 91% (trees) from forests to annual crops, while estimated richness of widespread species increased by +101% (trees) to +275% (understorey plants), or remained stable (- 2%, butterflies). Even traditional agroforestry systems lost estimated endemic species richness by - 18% (birds) to - 90% (understorey plants). Endemic species richness of one taxon explained between 37% and 57% of others (positive correlations) and taxon-specific richness in widespread species explained up to 76% of variation in richness of endemic species (negative correlations). The key implication of this study is that the range size aspect is fundamental in assessments of conservation value via species inventory data from modified habitats. The study also suggests that even ecologically friendly agricultural matrices may be of much lower value for tropical conservation than indicated by mere biodiversity value
Study protocol for VIdeo assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus conventional Open LobEcTomy for lung cancer, a UK multicentre randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot (the VIOLET study)
INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and surgery remains the main treatment for early stage disease. Prior to the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), lung resection for cancer was undertaken through an open thoracotomy. To date, the evidence base supporting the different surgical approaches is based on non-randomised studies, small randomised trials and is focused mainly on short-term in-hospital outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The VIdeo assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus conventional Open LobEcTomy for lung cancer study is a UK multicentre parallel group randomised controlled trial (RCT) with blinding of outcome assessors and participants (to hospital discharge) comparing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of VATS lobectomy versus open lobectomy for treatment of lung cancer. We will test the hypothesis that VATS lobectomy is superior to open lobectomy with respect to self-reported physical function 5âweeks after randomisation (approximately 1âmonth after surgery). Secondary outcomes include assessment of efficacy (hospital stay, pain, proportion and time to uptake of chemotherapy), measures of safety (adverse health events), oncological outcomes (proportion of patients upstaged to pathologic N2 (pN2) disease and disease-free survival), overall survival and health related quality of life to 1âyear. The QuinteT Recruitment Intervention is integrated into the trial to optimise recruitment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial has been approved by the UK (Dulwich) National Research Ethics Service Committee London. Findings will be written-up as methodology papers for conference presentation, and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Many aspects of the feasibility work will inform surgical RCTs in general and these will be reported at methodology meetings. We will also link with lung cancer clinical studies groups. The patient and public involvement group that works with the Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Brompton Hospital will help identify how we can best publicise the findings
EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial
More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University MĂŒnster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369
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