Drought effects on buds growth and dynamic of Tunisian cork oak populations

Forest species have adapted to their local climate by changing some of their phenological characteristics. Differential phenological responses may modify tree chance of survival by altering the competitive balance between them. The study of key phenological stages (budding, budburst, flowering, falling leaves ...) knew a renewed interest these last years for climate changes consequences researches. Characterizing the phenological variability response, of five Tunisian cork oak populations from contrasting climatic situations, in front to water deficit, has been the subject of this study. Large differences between populations from highest and coldest sites as well as those of lowest and warm sites were detected and adaptative responses specific to some populations were founded

Salt-Induced Changes in Antioxidative Enzyme Activities in Shoot Tissues of Two Atriplex Varieties

  This study examined the influence of salt levels on antioxidant activity and content of carotenoids and anthocyanins of the A. hortensis leaves using two varieties: green orach (var. purpurea ) and red orach (var. rubra). Seeds of Atriplex were exposed to 0, 90, 180 and 260 mM NaCl for 3 months and seeds were sown in an earthen pot. Overall levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly elevated. Salt stress caused a significant decline in tissue concentrations of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, 90 mM NaCl did not modify these parameters, which remains similar to control values. Activities of APX and CAT were increase whether the shoots of A. hortensis var. purpurea were grown in the presence of 180 mM NaCl. Thus although some indications of oxidative stress accompany exposure of this salt-tolerant Atriplex varieties to salinity, mechanisms appear to exist within its shoot tissue to permit the tolerance of such oxidative stress. High salt concentration in the culture medium provokes oxidative damage in Atriplex leaves and induces a general increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In particular, NaCl toxicity decreased content of carotenoids. It also decreased the concentration of anthocyanin pigments in leaves of Atriplex. This work therefore provides a starting point towards a better understanding of the role of antioxidant enzyme in the plant response against salt stress.</p

Growth performance, in vitro antioxidant properties and chemical composition of the halophyte Limonium algarvense Erben are strongly influenced by the irrigation salinity

Limonium algarvense Erben (sea lavender) is a halophyte species with potential to provide natural ingredients with in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties. This study reports for the first time the 1) cultivation of sea lavender in greenhouse conditions under irrigation with freshwater (approx. 0 mM NaCl) and saline aquaculture wastewater (300 and 600 mM NaCl), and 2) the influence of the irrigation salinity on the plant performance (e.g growth, number of produced leaves and flowers), in vitro antioxidant properties [radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating properties on copper (CCA) and iron (ICA)], toxicity (in vitro on three mammalian cell lines) and chemical composition (determined by LC-ESI-HRMS/MS). The freshwater-irrigated plants had better growth performance than those irrigated with saltwater. Extracts from wild plants, had the highest antioxidant activity, but those from cultivated ones kept high in vitro antioxidant properties and interesting chemical profile. The flowers' extracts of plants irrigated with 300 mM NaCl had the highest antioxidant activities against DPPH, whereas those from freshwater-irrigated plants were more active on ABTS, CCA and FRAP. Most of the extracts showed nil toxicity. The flowers' extracts displayed the highest diversity of compounds, mainly quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin and their glycoside derivatives. Moreover, their abundance varied with the irrigation salinity. These data indicate that sea lavender plants can be successfully cultivated in greenhouse conditions under fresh- and saltwater irrigation, maintaining interesting biological and chemical properties.Funding Agency Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Portuguese National Budget CCMAR/Multi/04326/2019 GreenVet project ALG-01-0145-FEDER-028876 XtrerneAquaCrops FA-05-2017-028 Lisboa-01-0145-FEDER-022125-RNEM-IST ID/QUI/00100/201 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BD/116604/2016 CEECIND/00425/2017info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diffusion tensor imaging tractography in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) brain

IntroductionTractography is a technique used to trace the pathways of the brain using noninvasive diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. It is becoming increasingly popular for investigating the brains of domestic mammals and other animals with myelinated fibers but the principle of DTI can also apply for those with unmyelinated fibers. In the case of camels, DTI tractography is a promising method for enhancing current knowledge of the brain’s structural connectivity and identifying white-matter tract changes potentially linked to neurodegenerative pathologies. The present study was therefore designed to describe representative white-matter tracts in the one-humped camel DTI tractography.MethodsPost mortem DTI was used to obtain images of two one-humped camel brains using a 3 Tesla system. T2-weighted images were also acquired to identify regions of interest for each fiber tract and a fiber dissection technique was used to complement the DT images. The main association, commissural, and projection fibers were reconstructed and superimposed on T2-weighted images or fractional anisotropy maps.ResultsThe results of the present study show the reconstruction of the most representative tracts, ie the cingulum, the corpus callosum and the internal capsule, in the one-humped camel brain using DTI data acquired post mortem. These DTI results were compared to those from fiber dissection.DiscussionAnatomy of the cingulum, corpus callosum and internal capsule correlates well with the description in anatomical textbooks and appears to be similar to fibers describe in large animals. Further research will be required to improve and validate these findings and to generate a tractography atlas based on MRI and histological data, as such an atlas would be a valuable resource for future neuroimaging research

Identification of Salt Stress Biomarkers in Romanian Carpathian Populations of Picea abies (L.) Karst

The Norway spruce (Picea abies), the most important tree species in European forests, is relatively sensitive to salt and does not grow in natural saline environments. Yet many trees are actually exposed to salt stress due to the common practice of de-icing of mountain roads in winter, using large amounts of NaCl. To help develop strategies for an appropriate use of reproductive seed material on reforestation sites, ensuring better chances of seedling survival in salt-affected areas, we have studied the responses of young spruce seedlings to salt treatments. The specific aim of the work was to identify the optimal salt stress biomarkers in Picea abies, using as experimental material seedlings obtained by germination of seeds with origin in seven populations from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. These responses included general, conserved reactions such as the accumulation of ions and different osmolytes in the seedlings needles, reduction in photosynthetic pigments levels, or activation of antioxidant systems. Although changes in the contents of different compounds involved in these reactions can be associated to the degree of stress affecting the plants, we propose that the (decreasing) levels of total phenolics or total carotenoids and the (increasing) levels of Na+ or K+ ions in Picea abies needles, should be considered as the most reliable and useful biomarkers for salt stress in this species. They all show very high correlation with the intensity of salt stress, independently of the genetic background of the seeds parental population, and relatively easy, quantitative assays are available to determine their concentrations, requiring simple equipment and little amount of plant material.Funding: Sorin Schiop is a PhD student at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. This paper was published under the frame of European Social Found, Human Resources Development Operational Programme 2007-2013, project no. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132765. Mohamad Al Hassan is a recipient of an Erasmus Mundus pre-doctoral scholarship financed by the European Commission (Welcome Consortium).Schiop, ST.; Al Hassan, M.; Sestras, AF.; Boscaiu Neagu, MT.; Sestras, RE.; Vicente Meana, Ó. (2015). Identification of Salt Stress Biomarkers in Romanian Carpathian Populations of Picea abies (L.) Karst. PLoS ONE. 10(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135419Se013541910

EVALUATION DE LA PRISE EN CHARGE DE L'ETAT DE MAL EPILEPTIQUE CHEZ L'ADULTE AU SAMU 94 - SMUR DE L'HOPITAL HENRI MONDOR (PROPOSITION D'UTILISATION DE LA FOSPHENYTOINE)

PARIS13-BU Serge Lebovici (930082101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Exploring the teleported information in two two-level atoms interacting with a deformed cavity field

The possibility of teleporting a single-qubit system in an atomic system that interacts with a deformed cavity mode is being discussed. The average fidelity is used to investigate the quality of the teleported information in either ideal or deformed cavity. The quantum Fisher information is used as an estimator for the weight and phase angle parameters of the initial input state. The study shows that maximizing/minimizing the estimation degree and fidelity depends on the initial state settings of the atomic system, dipole–dipole coupling, and the estimated parameters. To maximize the information in the presence of a deformed cavity, one has to set large values of the atomic coupling dipole subsystem and reduce the deformation parameter