Serum adenosine deaminase, catalase and carbonic anhydrase activities in patients with bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between adenosine deaminase and various cancers has been investigated in several studies. However, serum adenosine deaminase activity and carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer have not previously been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with bladder cancer and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer than controls (all significant,

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

A spectral characterization of controllability for linear discrete-time systems with conic constraints

Çamlıbel, Mehmet Kanat (Dogus Author)In this paper, we generalize all previously known results on the controllability of discrete-time linear systems with conic input and/or state constraints. In addition, we single out two cases of the problem which did not appear in the literature before. We provide a characterization for the first one of these new cases. For the second newly introduced case, we show that it is rare and pathological. Moreover, we show that the classical results cannot be extended to this last pathological case. These results altogether lead to an almost complete spectral characterization of controllability for discrete-time linear systems with conic input and/or state constraints

The balanced scorecard as a performance measurement and evaluation tool in organizations: An empirical study in Kahramanmaraş

Dengeli sonuç kartı (balanced scorecard) organizasyonun vizyon ve stratejisini açıklayan ve bunları faaliyetlere dönüştüren yönetim sistemi için bir çerçeve oluşturmaktadır. Dengeli sonuç kartı (DSK), finansal ve finansal olmayan performans ölçütlerini kapsamlı bir şekilde kullanmakta ve işletmelerin strateji odaklı hale gelmesi sağlanmaktadır. DSK, bir şirketin performansını; finans, müşteri boyutu, şirket içi yöntemler boyutu, öğrenme ve gelişme boyutu ve finansal boyut olmak üzere 4 grup gösterge ile ölçmektedir. Bu dört boyut firmaların performanslarını geliştirmek, kontrol etmek ve gelişme için neler yapmaları gerektiğini göstermek konusunda önemli stratejik bilgiler sağlar. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak performans yönetimi ve performans ölçümü kavramları hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından modern performans ölçme ve değerleme yöntemlerinden biri olan dengeli sonuç kartı yöntemi açıklanmış ve KOBİ niteliğindeki bir işletmede olay çalışması şeklinde uygulamasına yer verilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda dengeli sonuç kartı yönteminin, kendi performanslarını izlemek ve stratejilerine yön vermek isteyen firmalara yol göstermede önemli bir yönetim aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.The Balanced scorecard (BSC) constitutes a framework for management system which explains the organization's vision and mission, and translates them into action. The Balanced scorecard uses financial and nonfinancial performance measures comprehensively, and makes businesses focused upon strategy. BSC measures a business's performance with four group indicators which are the learning and growth perspective, the business process perspective, the customer perspective and the financial perspective. These four perspectives provide important strategic information to businesses to improve and control their performance. In this study, firstly, information is given about performance management and performance measurement, secondly, BSC is explained as a one of the modern performance measurement and evaluation methods, and its application in a SMEs has taken place as an empirical study. As a result, it is determined that BSC is an important management tool to measure business performance and to give direction to its strategy

Effects of Organic and Synthetic Carotenoids on the Sensory Quality and Chemical Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792)

The chemical qualities and sensory properties of rainbow trout given diets containing red pepper (Oleoresin paprika) extract, gammarus powder, commercial astaxanthin and canthaxanthin over a 2 month period were compared to those found in the control group used for this study. Statistical differences among the groups with respect to their chemical compositions (p<0.05) were found. To measure these differences, the hedonic scale method was used to determine each group’s sensory properties, to include general appearance (sensory properties), odour, flavour and colour. Significant changes among the groups were observed (p<0.05) and the resultant data revealed that increases in colour were higher in samples fed with aquaculture food substances containing canthaxanthin additives than in the coloration found in the other groups (p<0.05)

Effect of Different Dietary Carotenoids on Total Carotenoid Concentration and T BARS During Frozen Storage Rainbow Trout Flesh

In present study, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) properties (mg malonaldehyde kg -1 ) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with standard diets supplemented with canthaxanthin, astaxanthin and red pepper meal besides control group were investigated. In experiment, total of 375 rainbow trout with an initial average weight of 154 g were fed by dividing into 4 groups. The fishes were fed for 60 days with four diets (canthaxanthin70 mg kg - 1 , astaxanthin 50 mg kg - 1 , red pepper meal 765 mg kg - 1 and control). After the feeding period, the fishes in diet groups were evaluated in terms of total carotenoid concentration and TBARS. At the end of the trial, fodder supplemented with canthaxanthin, astaxan thin and red pepper meal caused carotenoid accumulation over 6 mg kg -1 concentration in the muscle tissues of the fishes. Frozen storage (at - 30 ºC) of gutted, cleaned and glazed raw fishes for 12 months significantly reduced the total carotenoid concentration and TBARS value