Investigation of in vivo effect of florfenicol on metabolic-antioxidantenzymes’ activities on Morkaraman normal and lactating sheep

AbstractFlorfenicol is a broad-spectrum, primarily bacteriostatic, antibiotic with a range of activity including many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo effect of florfenicol on the paraoxonase (PON), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities on Morkaraman normal and lactating sheep. For these studies, three normal and three lactating sheep groups (55–60kg) were selected for each of intramuscular administration for 24h of florfenicol (30mg/kg). Three normal and three lactating sheep groups were included in the study for a control group, which were not subjected to drug administration. For florfenicol, the mean of the hemolysate paraoxonase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and milk paraoxonase, catalase, lactoperoxidase, superoxide dismutase activity was determined and compared to the control group. According to the research results, while PON1 and CAT enzymes were activated, SOD and GPX enzymes were inhibited by florfenicol in both normal and lactating Morkaraman sheep. While florfenicol did not change milk PON1 and SOD activities, it significantly inhibited milk CAT and LPO enzyme activities

In silico Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of 1 3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives in Relation to in vitro PON1 Activity

WOS: 000460882500003PubMed: 29773067Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase associated with protection of lipoproteins and cell membranes against oxidative modification. Objective: Based on antioxidative properties of PON1 and significance of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles in pharmaceutical chemistry, herein we aimed to evaluate the potentials of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as PON1 activators. Methods: 2-[[5-(2,4-Difluoro/dichlorophenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]thio]acetophenone derivatives (1-18) were in vitro evaluated for their activator effects on PON1 which was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation (60-80%) and DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography. Molecular docking studies were performed for the detection of affinities of all compounds to the active site of PON1. Moreover, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) properties of all compounds were also in silico predicted. In silico molecular docking and ADME studies were carried out according to modules of Schrodinger's Maestro molecular modeling package. Results: All compounds, particularly compounds 10, 13 and 17, were determined as promising PON1 activators and apart from compound 1, all of them were detected in the active site of PON1. Besides, ADME results indicated that all compounds were potential orally bioavailable drug-like molecules. Conclusion: PON1 activators, compounds 10, 13 and 17 stand out as potential drug candidates for further antioxidant studies and these compounds can be investigated for their therapeutic effects in many disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic liver inflammation and many more

Investigation of inhibitory properties of some hydrazone compounds on hCA I, hCA II and AChE enzymes

Recently, inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (hCA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have appeared as a promising approach for pharmacological intervention in a variety of disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, obesity, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Keeping this in mind, N,N′-bis[(1-aryl-3-heteroaryl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, N1-N11, P1, P4-P8, and R1-R6, were synthesized to investigate their inhibitory activity against hCA I, hCA II, and AChE enzymes. All compounds in N, P, and R-series inhibited hCAs (I and II) and AChE more efficiently than the reference compounds acetazolamide (AZA), and tacrine. According to the activity results, the most effective inhibitory compounds were in R-series with the Ki values of 203 ± 55–473 ± 67 nM and 200 ± 34–419 ± 94 nM on hCA I, and hCA II, respectively. N,N′-Bis[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(morpholine-4-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, N8, in N-series, N,N′-Bis[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, P4, in P-series, and N,N′-bis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, R5, in R-series were the most powerful compounds against hCA I with the Ki values of 438 ± 65 nM, 344 ± 64 nM, and 203 ± 55 nM, respectively. Similarly, N8, P4, and R5 efficiently inhibited hCA II isoenzyme with the Ki values of 405 ± 60 nM, 327 ± 80 nM, and 200 ± 34 nM, respectively. On the other hand, P-series compounds had notable inhibitory effect against AChE than the reference compound tacrine and the Ki values were between 66 ± 20 nM and 128 ± 36 nM. N,N′-Bis[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, P7, was the most potent compound on AChE with the Ki value of 66 ± 20 nM. The other most promising compounds, N,N′-bis[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(morpholine-4-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, N4 in N-series and N,N′-bis[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)propylidene]hydrazine dihydrochlorides, R4 in R-series were againts AChE with the Ki values of 119 ± 20 nM, 88 ± 14 nM, respectively

Cytotoxicity of Hydrazones of Morpholine Bearing Mannich Bases Towards Huh7 and T47D Cell Lines and Their Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration

N,N'-bis[1-(substitutedphenyl)-3-(morpholine-4-yl) propylidene] hydrazine dihydrochlorides, N1-N11 were designed and synthesized as cytotoxic agents. These compounds were synthesized by the reaction of 2 moles of 1-( substitutedphenyl)-3-(morpholine-4-yl)-1-propanone hydrochlorides with 1 mole of hydrazine hydrate. The compounds reported here are new, except N1 and N4. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against human hepatoma (Huh7) and breast cancer (T47D) cell lines. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as a reference compound. It was found that N3, which has 4-methoxy substituent on phenyl ring, was the most cytotoxic compound towards both cell lines. Its cytotoxicity was 5.6 times higher than 5-FU. Representative compounds N2 at 144, 264 and 424 mu M and N3 at 401 mu M concentrations significantly inhibited mitochondrial respiration in a dose dependent manner in liver homogenates. This suggests that the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration may be one of the contributing mechanisms to the cytotoxicity of the compounds. N3 may serve as a candidate compound for further studies

Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids for their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory and antioxidant effects

In this study, eleven new compounds with a series of benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives structures were synthesized and evaluated for their human (h) carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities against two isoforms hCA I, hCA II, and antioxidant activity. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by spectral analysis methods such as H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, and HRMS. Compared to acetazolamide (IC50 = 2.26 mu M) for hCA I, the most potent compound 4a was with the IC50 value of 1.322 mu M and compound 4d is the other molecule with a greater IC50 value (IC50 = 1.989 mu M) than that of acetazolamide in these series. Among all the compounds, 4a (1.826 mu M), 4d (1.502 mu M), and 4g (1.886 mu M) are the most active hybrids against carbonic hCA II. Considering that compound 4a containing 4-bromophenyl structure is effective on both hCA I and hCA II, it can be considered as a promising structure for the development of effective candidates with potent CA inhibitory activities. TAS assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of synthesized compounds. The synthesized compound was analyzed for their in vitro cytotoxic activity on the L929 cell line by using MTT assay. In the last step of this study, molecular docking studies were performed in order to compare the biological activities of the most active molecules against the enzymes of hCAI and hCA II

Microwave-assisted synthesis and bioevaluation of new sulfonamides

<p>In this study, 4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide derivatives (<b>8-14</b>) were synthesized for the first time by microwave irradiation and their chemical structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS. Cytotoxic activities and inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes of the compounds were investigated. The compounds <b>9</b> (PSE = 4.2), <b>12</b> (PSE = 4.1) and <b>13</b> (PSE = 3.9) with the highest potency selectivity expression (PSE) values in cytotoxicity experiments and the compounds <b>13</b> (<i>Ki</i> = 3.73 ± 0.91 nM toward hCA I) and <b>14</b> (<i>Ki</i> = 3.85 ± 0.57 nM toward hCA II) with the lowest <i>Ki</i> values in CA inhibition studies can be considered as leader compounds for further studies.</p

Synthesis of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides and their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects

In this study, 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized by microwave irradiation and their chemical structures were confirmed by H-1 NMR, (CNMR)-C-13, and HRMS. Ketones used were: Acetophenone (S1), 4-methylacetophenone (S2), 4-chloroacetophenone (S3), 4-fluoroacetophenone (S4), 4-bromoacetophenone (S5), 4-methoxyacetophenone (S6), 4-nitroacetophenone (S7), 2-acetylthiophene (S8), 2-acetylfuran (S9), 1-indanone (S10), 2-indanone (S11). The compounds S9, S10 and S11 were reported for the first time, while S1-S8 was synthesized by different method than literature reported using microwave irradiation method instead of conventional heating in this study. The inhibitory effects of 4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives (S1-S11) against hCA I and II were studied. Cytosolic hCA I and II isoenzymes were potently inhibited by new synthesized sulphonamide derivatives with K-is in the range of 1.79 +/- 0.22-2.73 +/- 0.08 nM against hCA I and in the range of 1.72 +/- 0.58-11.64 +/- 5.21nM against hCA II, respectively