Cervical mucus test for pregnancy diagnosis in Akkaraman ewes and Angora goats

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyun ve keçilerde gebelik tanı yöntemi olarak kullanılan servikal mukus kaynatma testinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 50 baş Akkaraman ırkı koyun ve 50 baş Ankara keçisi materyal olarak kullanıldı. Servikal mukus testi ile koyunlarda % 80 doğruluk oranı, %73.3 sensitivite, % 82.9 spesivite, % 64.7 pozitif tanımlama oranı ve % 87.9 negatif tanımlama oranı elde edildi. Keçilerde ise bu oranlar sırasıyla % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 ve % 87.9 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca korpus luteum büyüklüğü ve progesteron değerleri arasındaki korelasyon araştırıldı. Gebe ve gebe olmayan tüm hayvanlar içinde sadece gebe olmayan koyunlarda korelasyonun önemli olduğu (r=0.58; p<0.05) tespit edildi. Bunlara ilaveten yapılan vaginal sitoloji değerlendirmesinde gebe ve gebe olmayan hayvanlar arasında hücre kompozisyonu bakımından ayırıcı bir farklılığın olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, koyun ve keçilerde yapılan bu çalışmada servikal mukus kaynatma testiyle koyunlarda gebeliğin tanısında keçilere göre daha yüksek oranlar elde edilebileceği ve bu yöntemin saha koşullarında uygulanabileceği kanısına varıldı.The aim of this study was to investigate practicability of cervical mucus test, which is used for diagnosis of pregnancy, in field conditions and accuracy rate in ewes and goats. This study was performed in 50 Akkaraman ewes and 50 Angora goats. In ewes, % 80 accuracy rate, % 73.3 sensitivity, % 82.9 specificity, % 64.7 predictive value of positive and % 87.9 predictive value of negative were found with cervical mucus test and these rates were % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 and % 87.9 respectively in goats. In addition, correlation was investigated between the size of corpus luteum and progesterone levels. Correlation was found important only in non-pregnant ewes of all pregnant and non-pregnant animals (r=0.58; p&lt;0.05). Besides, an important difference was not determined between composition of cells in vaginal cytologic evaluation in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. As a result, cervical mucus test can be used in field conditions and the accuracy rates in ewes are higher than goats

The effect of intrauterine thyme essential oil and dimethyl sulfoxide infusion on clinical recovery and serum haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide levels in cows with clinical endometritis

Bu çalışmada, intrauterin kekik yağı ile dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO) uygulamasının endometritisin klinik iyileşmesi, serum haptoglobin (Hp), tümör nekrozis faktör (TNF) ve nitrik oksit (NO) düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlandı. Çalışmada klinik endometritisli 90 inek rastgele 3 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruptaki ineklere (GI; n=30) kekik esansiyel yağı (20 mL), 12 mL DMSO ve 88 mL distile su karıştırıldı ve karışım (120 mL) intrauterin olarak verildi. İkinci gruptaki ineklere (GII; n=30) 20 mL kekik esansiyel yağı 100 mL distile su içerisine eklendi ve intrauterin olarak verildi. Son gruptaki ineklere ise (GIII; n=30) 12 mL DMSO, 108 mL distile su ile karıştırıldıktan sonra intrauterin olarak verildi. Tedaviden 14 gün sonra rektal, ultrasonografik ve vaginoskobik muayene yapıldı. Tüm hayvanlardan tedaviden hemen önce ve tedaviden 14 gün sonra kan alındı. Kan serumlarda Hp, TNF ve NO düzeyleri ELISA ticari kitleri ile belirlendi. Tüm gruplarda Hp, TNF ve NO düzeylerinin tedavi öncesine göre önemli oranda düştüğü saptandı. Klinik iyileşme oranı en yüksek GI’de (%93,3) tespit edildi. GII’de %73,3, GIII’te ise %56,6 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, intrauterin kekik esansiyel yağ tedavisi ile DMSO verilmesinin endometritisin klinik iyileşmesi üzerine pozitif yönde katkı sağladığı belirlenmiştir.This study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the intrauterine infusion of thyme essential oil and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on serum haptoglobin (Hp), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and on healing in cows with clinical endometritis. In the study, 90 cows with clinical endometritis were randomly assigned to three groups. Cows in the first group (GI, n=30) were treated with an intrauterine infusion of the 120 mL mixture prepared from 20 mL thyme essential oil, 12 mL of DMSO and 88 mL of distilled water. In the second group of cows (GII; n = 30), 20 mL of thyme essential oil was added into 100 mL of distilled water and given intrauterine. The cows in the last group (GIII; n=30) were given intrauterine after mixing 12 mL of DMSO with 108 mL of distilled water. Rectal, ultrasonographic and vaginoscopic examination were performed 14 days after the treatment. Blood was collected from all animals immediately before and 14 days after treatment. Hp, TNF and NO levels in blood serums were determined by the ELISA commercial kits method. Hp, TNF and NO levels decreased significantly after treatment in all groups. The clinical recovery rate was found to be at the highest GI (93.3%). It was determined as 73.3% in GII and 56.6% in GIII. As a result, it was determined that DMSO administration intrauterine together with thyme essential oil treatment contributed positively to the clinical improvement of endometritis

Diprosopus, craniorachischisis, arthrogryposis, and other associated anomalies in a stillborn lamb

Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb

The effectiveness of supplemental administration of progesterone with GnRH, hCG and PGF2α on the fertility of Tuj sheep during the non-breeding season

This study investigated the effects on fertility parameters of combined administration of flugestone acetate, GnRH, hCG and PGF(2 alpha), to Tuj ewes during the non-breeding season. In the study, 60 Tuj ewes were separated into four groups. Seven days before administering an intravaginal gestagen (20 mg Flugestone acetate, sponge) to the ewes in Group I (GI, n = 15), they were given an injection of GnRH (8.4 mu g Buserelin acetate). Seven days after the sponge was administered, the ewes were given a second intramuscular injection of GnRH. The sponge was left in the vagina for 14 days. Immediately after removing the sponge, an intramuscular injection of PGF(2 alpha) (15 mg) was administered. The ewes in Group II (GIL n = 15) were administered hCG injections at a dose of 1000 IU/ewe instead of the GnRH injection that was given to the first group. The ewes in Group III (GIII, n = 15) were only administered intravaginal sponge. The ewes in Group IV (n = 15) were kept as a control group and were not given any treatment. Immediately after the sponges were removed, rams were introduced in all groups, ensuring that ewes exhibiting estrus were mated. The percentage of ewes exhibiting estrus was found to be significantly higher in all the study groups (GI, GII and GIN) than in the control group (GIV) (P<0.05). It was determined that the pregnancy ratio for ewe mating at the first estrus was higher in group GII than in all the other groups (46.6%) (P<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate and lambing rate was found to be significantly higher in GII (100%) than the other study groups (GI: 66.6% and 66.6%; GIII: 66.6% and 46.6%, respectively, P<0.05) as well as the control group (GIV: 6.6% and 0%, respectively, P<0.01). On day 7 after the sponge was administered, the mean plasma progesterone level (3.64 ng/ml) was found to be higher in the ewes in GII, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). We concluded in this study that administering hCG and vaginal sponges to Tuj ewes during the non-breeding season had a positive effect on pregnancy and lambing rates. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Amperometric Lactate Biosensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Benzo[c]cinnoline and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Amperometric lactate biosensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with benzo[c]cinnoline and multiwalled carbon nanotubes is reported. Incorporation of benzo[c] cinnoline acting as a mediator and multiwalled carbon nanotubes providing a conduction pathway to accelerate electron transfer due to their excellent conductivity into carbon paste matrix resulted in a high performance lactate biosensor. The resulting biosensor exhibited a fast response, high selectivity, good repeatability and storage stability. Under the optimal conditions, the enzyme electrode showed the detection limit of 7.0 x 10(-8) M with a linear range of 2.0 x 10(-7) M-1.1 x 10(-4) M. The usefulness of the biosensor was demonstrated in serum samples.Namik Kemal University Research FundNamik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.10.YL.12.04]; Ankara University Research FundAnkara University [14L0430005]We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Namik Kemal University Research Fund (Project No: NKUBAP.00.10.YL.12.04) and Ankara University Research Fund (Project No: 14L0430005)