Light-scattering properties of microorganisms Desulfuromonas acetoxidans by influence of silver

The article deals with the concentration changes and relative content of bacterial cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans in the intervals of sizes 0.2–2.0 µm under the influence of nano silver particles. Correlation between these changes of light-scattering properties of bacterial cells and growth abilities of bacteria Desulfuromonas acetoxidans under inflence of silver nanoparticles and ions has been shown. The purpose of the work was to research the intensity of processes the change of indexes of the antioxidant system the cells of Desulfuromonas acetoxidans at influence of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate. The influence of various concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on enzymatic activity of catalase and reduced glutathione synthesis by Desulfuromonas аcetoxidans cells under their cultivation with fumarate addition and with absence of sulphur has been determined. Specific catalase activity increased with enhancing of concentration and duration of bacterial cultivation under the addition of this salt. The highest specific catalase activity was determined on the second day of bacterial growth under the influence of all concentration range of investigated metal salt. The reduced glutathione content under silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles exposure varied depending on the cultivation time and metal concentration. The maximum reduced glutathione content has been observed. The result of catalase activity changes  and glutathione content changes of sulfur-reducing D. acetoxidans bacteria cell-free extracts and has been investigated under the influence of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles during four days of cultivation has been investigated

The influence of xylate on the volumo- and osmoregulatory function of the kidneys in diabetes complicated by the syndrome of endogenous intoxication of purulent-septic origin.

The combination of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus with endogenous purulent-septic genesis syndrome is a fairly common nosology. The search for ways to optimize the results of its treatment, after screening observations, led to the expediency to consider the pharmacodynamic aspects of the action of polyhydric alcohols through the prism of homeostatic support functions. Detailing this direction was focused on the consideration of the action of xylate mediated through the volumetric and osmoregulatory function of the kidneys. The effect of xylate on the volumo-and osmoregulatory function of the kidneys in insulin-independent diabetes mellitus complicated by the syndrome of endogenous intoxication of purulent-septic origin was investigated. The study group consisted of 53 patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus complicated by the syndrome of endogenous intoxication of purulent-septic origin (IDCSEI). Under the condition of infusion loading (3 ml/kg/h for three hours) with Ringer's solution or xylate within the fragments of planned intensive care, indicators characterizing the state of the volumo- and osmoregulatory function of the kidneys were investigated. The loading with Ringer's solution in patients with IDCSEI increases sodium clearance by 260±47.8% (Δ, p=0.020), without changing the concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma and filtration fraction and purifying the blood plasma from osmotically active substances 147±46.9% ( Δ, p=0.011). Extension of the extracellular space by infusion solutions by 3 ml/kg/h for three hours in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, complicated by the syndrome of endogenous intoxication by purulent-septic genesis, activates volumetric and osmoregulatory function. Extension of extracellular space with infusion solu­tion by 3 ml/kg/h for three hours in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus activates volumo- and osmo­regulatory function. Activation of volumetric function occurs by reducing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal nephron, without increase of glomerular filtration rate, increasing the distal transport of sodium and water

Барботажное активирование растворов и роль этого явления в природных и технологических процессах

Розглянуті можливі молекулярні механізми структурування води та міжфазної поверхні газ/вода у розчинах. Показано, що барботажна активація (БА) відбувається шляхом підвищення структурної температури води і веде до підвищення хімічної активності молекул Н2О та розчиненого кисню. Встановлено, що БА має квазірівноважний характер. Тому при зовнішніх впливах на лініях змін рН і Eh появляються характерні піки або сходинки, які можна використовувати для дослідження взаємодії розчинів з різними твердими матеріалами. Запропонована модель структурних перетворень, яка може пояснити, чому негативно заряджені бульбашки газів утворюють позитивно заряджені краплинки морських аерозолів.The possible molecular mechanisms of water structuring and between the surfaces of gas/water in the solutions are considered. It was shown that barbotage activation (BA) occurs by increasing the structural temperature of water and causes increasing of chemical activity of H2O and dissolved oxygen. It is established that BA has quasi equilibrium character. Therefore external influences on the lines of changes of pH and Eh characteristic peaks or steps appear that can be used to investigate the interaction of solutions with different solid materials. The proposed model of structural transformation may explain why negatively charged bubbles of gas form positively charged droplets of sea spray.Рассмотрены возможные молекулярные механизмы структурирования воды и междуфазной поверхности газ/вода в растворах. Показано, что барботажная активация (БА) происходит путем повышения структурной температуры воды и ведет к повышению химической активности молекул Н2О и растворимого кислорода. Установлено, что БА имеет квазиравновесный характер. Поэтому при внешних воздействиях на линиях изменений рН и Eh появляются характерные пики или ступеньки, которые можно использовать для исследования взаимодействия растворов с различными твердыми материалами. Предложена модель структурных преобразований, которая может объяснить, почему отрицательно заряженные пузырьки газов образуют положительно заряженные капельки морских аэрозолей

Isomeric pair 95m,gNb{^{95\rm m,g}\rm{Nb}} in photonuclear reactions on nat^{\rm nat}Mo at end-point bremsstrahlung energy of 35-95 MeV

The ${^{\rm nat}\rm{Mo}}(\gamma,x\rm np)^{95\rm m,g}$Nb photonuclear reaction was studied using the electron beam from the NSC KIPT linear accelerator LUE-40. Experiment was performed using the activation and off-line $\gamma$-ray spectrometric technique. The experimental isomeric yield ratio $d(E_{\rm{\gamma max}}) = Y_{\rm m}(E_{\rm{\gamma max}}) / Y_{\rm g}(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})$ was determined for the reaction products $^{95\rm m,g}\rm{Nb}$ at the end-point bremsstrahlung energy $E_{\rm{\gamma max}}$ range of 35-95 MeV. The obtained values of $d(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})$ are in satisfactory agreement with the results of other authors and extend the range of previously known data. The theoretical values of the yields $Y_{\rm m,g}(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})$ and the isomeric yield ratio $d(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})$ for the isomeric pair $^{95\rm m,g}\rm{Nb}$ from the ${^{\rm nat}\rm{Mo}}(\gamma,x\rm np)$ reaction were calculated using the partial cross-sections $\sigma(E)$ from the TALYS1.95 code for six different level density models $LD$. The comparison showed a noticeable excess (more than 3.85 times) of the experimental isomeric yield ratio over all theoretical estimates. At the investigated range of $E_{\rm{\gamma max}}$ the theoretical dependence of $d(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})$ on energy was confirmed - the isomeric yield ratio smoothly decreases with increasing energy.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

The role of students’ individual work in the formation of professional competences of future doctors.

Modern requirements for training of high-skilled specialists require the implementation of international medical and educational standards in the educational and integrative process. Formation of cognitive activity, pursuance of professional development, the necessity to correspond to world standards medical students’ of gained knowledge. Medical students’ individual work is very important for medical students’ education because it helps to systematize and use knowledge that was gained in practical classes. The aim of the work – to analyze the forms of students’ individual work, used at in the Department of Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology, in order to improve the educational process and to form the future doctor’s medical judgment, their ability to self-improvement and self-education. The recommended hours attempted for students’ individual work is 90 out of the total of 240 hours assigned to the discipline in teaching the module “internal diseases” for the 5th year students at the Depertment of Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology. In studying the discipline of "internal diseases" in the 5th year one of the main tasks of medical student’s occupation training is mastering ability of assimilation on his own, of knowledge and refresh it, and then to use knowledge effectively in the future career. The difference of the individual work lies in the fact that students can study individually choosing the necessary kind of extracurricular activity according to their interests. In addition, the lack of strict grading by the teacher has more advantages compared to practical classes. The curriculum, the teacher’s tasks and methodological materials determine the content of the individual work. The article presents the three main directions of students’ individual work in teaching discipline of "internal diseases" for students of the 5th year as: students’ individual work in classroom learning, students’ individual work individual work under the teacher’s supervision. When discussing the results of individual work, students learn to think critically, communicate with each other, and make their own well-thought-out (educated) decision. Well-structured process of the individual work encourages medical students to its qualitative fulfillment and it is a significant motivation for further professional growth. Significant reserves to increase its efficiency inherent in the use of modern computer technology. Medical students’ individual work should be considered as one of the necessary stages of a modern doctor training. The latest information technologies and individual scientific projects adoption into the educational process leads to efficiency improvement and it forms new future doctor’s professional competences

Determining the toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp.

Finding new or alternative feeds, feed additives, and raw materials safe for health and the environment is significant in intensifying livestock production. At the same time, the fodder base obtained from aquatic ecosystems – algae – deserves special attention. The advantage of using algae as fodder is using small areas for their cultivation and a high reproduction rate. In addition, algae are grown where other plants cannot grow, and the productivity of algae is several times higher than that of higher plants. Algae can produce beneficial compounds and biomass, which are also used to increase the nutritional value of food products. Biomass obtained from algae is a source of necessary vitamins, minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and other necessary nutrients. The composition of algae depends on the environment from which this biomass is collected, the conditions of algae cultivation, the season, the species of algae, and many other factors. In addition, it should be noted that some algae, out of the total amount, are toxic when consumed. That is why it is essential to research their toxicity. The article presents the results of studying the toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish. When studying the effect of biomass Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish, it was established that its use for 96 hours in doses of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l did not cause their death, and its LC50 is higher than 100 mg/l. In addition, no changes were detected in the behavior of the fish; they were active, mobile, and actively responding to external stimuli. The fish of the experimental groups were not distinguished from those of the control group

Measuring of the heifers ovaries and probiotic defence of the mucous membranes

The results of the influence of complex probiotic defence of the mucous membranes of the reproductive system and intestines on the development of the corpus luteum of the cycle in heifers have been presented. By the method of differential palpation diagnostics in vivo, it was reliably examined that in the experimental group after carrying out procedures for the normalization of mucous membranes with the multicomponent probiotic drug “Multibacterin Veterinary Ba + La”, the number of heifers with high-quality of corpus luteum the ovaries was 48.21% more, and the number of cases of premature luteolysis was 12.50 % less (P < 0.01). The level of pregnancy in heifers in the experiment was on average 60.38 %, in the control – 46.94 %, which confirmed the positive effect of the probiotic protection of the mucous membranes on increasing the embryo survival by optimizing the conditions for embryonic nutrition on the surface of the endometrium

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОРМОВОЇ ДОБАВКИ НА ОСНОВІ БАКТЕРІЙ РОДУ BACILLUS

The article highlights the results of using a feed additive based on spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus when growing broiler chickens. The addition of the studied additive to the diet of chickens in the first group at a dose of 0.5 and to the second group at a dose of 1 g/kg of feed increased the intensity of the bird's growth. In particular, the average daily weight gain of broilers in the experimental groups was, respectively, 11 and 11.8% higher than in the control group. At the same time, the yield of gutted broiler carcasses in the first and second experimental groups was higher, compared to the control group, by 245 and 275 g, respectively. Under these conditions, in the first experimental group with an average body weight of 2411.1 g, feed consumption during the experimental period was 4310 g/head, while feed conversion was 1.78. In the second experimental group with an average body weight of 2426.9 g, the feed consumption was 4253.3 g/head and the conversion was 1.75, while in the control group with an average body weight of 2178.4 g, the feed consumption was 4433.3 g/head, and the feed conversion was 2.03. When identifying microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, in the first research group were found: Escheriсhia coli, Escheriсhia fergusonii, Escheriсhia hermannii, Escheriсhia vulneris, Serratia odorifera; in the second experimental group: Escheriсhia coli, Escheriсhia fergusonii, Serratia odorifera, Kluyvera spp.; and in the control group: Escheriсhia terioteria enorita, Serratia oderofera cloacea, Shigella spp. Microorganisms of the genus Salmonella, and also Campilobacter and C. perfringens on day 42 in broilers of all groups were not detected. Therefore, the use of a feed additive based on spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus leads to a decrease in feed conversion, an increase in the body weight of birds, and an increase in total and average daily weight gain, compared to the control group. Also was found the positive effect of feed additives on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora, while the microflora of the bird is corrected in the direction of an increase in the normal flora and a decrease in pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora.У статті висвітлено результати застосування кормової добавки на основі спороутворюючих бактерій роду Bacillus, при вирощуванні курей-бройлерів. Внесення досліджуваної добавки у раціон курей першої групи у дозі 0,5 а другої – 1 г/кг корму підвищувало інтенсивність росту птиці. Зокрема, середньодобовий приріст маси тіла бройлерів дослідних груп був, відповідно, на 11 та 11,8 % вищим, ніж у контрольній групі. При цьому вихід потрошеної тушки бройлерів у першій та другій дослідній групах був вищим, порівняно з контрольною групою, відповідно, на 245 та 275 г. За цих умов у першій дослідній групі, при середній масі тіла 2411,1 г, витрати кормів за дослідний період становили 4310 г/гол, при цьому конверсія корму становила 1,78. У другій дослідній групі, при середній масі тіла 2426,9 г, витрати кормів складали 4253,3 г/гол, а конверсія корму становила 1,75, тоді як у контрольній групі, при середній масі тіла 2178,4 г, витрати кормів становили 4433,3 г/гол, при цьому конверсія корму становила 2,03. При ідентифікації мікроорганізмів родини Enterobacteriaceае виявили у першій дослідній групі: Escheriсhia colі, Escheriсhia fergusonii, Escheriсhia hermannii, Escheriсhia vulneris, Serratia odorifera; у другій дослідній групі: Escheriсhia coli, Escheriсhia fergusonii, Serratia odorifera, Kluyvera spp.; в контрольній групі: Escheriсhia terіoterіa enorita, Serratia oderofera cloacea, Shigella spp. Мікроорганізмів роду Salmonella, а також Campilobacter та C. perfringens на 42 добу у бройлерів усіх груп не виявляли. Отже, застосування кормової добавки на основі спороутворюючих бактерій роду Bacillus призводить до зниження конверсії корму, підвищення маси тіла птиці, збільшення загального та середньодобового приросту ваги, порівняно з контрольною групою. Встановлено позитивний вплив застосування кормової добавки на якісний та кількісний склад мікрофлори кишечнику, при цьому відбувається корекція мікрофлори птиці у бік збільшення нормофлори та зменшення патогенної і умовно-патогенної мікрофлори

Photonuclear reactions cross-sections at energies up to 100 MeV for different experimental setups

In experiments on the electron linac LUE-40 of RDC "Accelerator" NSC KIPT, the flux-averaged cross-sections $\langle{\sigma(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})}\rangle_{\rm{exp}}$ of photonuclear reactions ${^{100}\rm{Mo}}(\gamma,n)^{99}\rm{Mo}$, ${^{27}\rm{Al}}(\gamma,x)^{24}\rm{Na}$, ${^{93}\rm{Nb}}(\gamma,n)^{92m}\rm{Nb}$, ${^{93}\rm{Nb}}(\gamma,3n)^{90}\rm{Nb}$, and ${^{181}\rm{Ta}}(\gamma,n)^{180g}\rm{Ta}$ were measured using the $\gamma$-activation technique. The theoretical flux-average cross-sections $\langle{\sigma(E_{\rm{\gamma max}})}\rangle_{\rm{th}}$ were computed using the partial cross-section $\sigma(E)$ values from the TALYS1.9-1.95 codes and bremsstrahlung $\gamma$-flux calculated using GEANT4.9.2. Two different experimental setups were used in the experiments: an aluminum electron absorber and a deflecting magnet to clean the bremsstrahlung $\gamma$-flux from electrons. A comparison of the flux-average cross-sections measured for two experimental setups was performed. The possibility of using the reactions ${^{100}\rm{Mo}}(\gamma,n)^{99}\rm{Mo}$, ${^{27}\rm{Al}}(\gamma,x)^{24}\rm{Na}$, ${^{93}\rm{Nb}}(\gamma,n)^{92m}\rm{Nb}$, ${^{93}\rm{Nb}}(\gamma,3n)^{90}\rm{Nb}$, and ${^{181}\rm{Ta}}(\gamma,n)^{180g}\rm{Ta}$ as monitors of the bremsstrahlung $\gamma$-flux for the energy range 30-100 MeV was investigated.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl