USULAN PROGRAM KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA FTP LEPTOSPIROSIS ( FLIMTENTANG PENCEGAHAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI MASYARAKAT KEDUNGMUNDU )

Leptospirosis adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang dapat menyerang manusia maupun hewan yang disebabkan kuman leptospira pathogen dan digolongkan sebagi zoonosis yaitu penyakit hewan yang bisa menjangkiti manusia. Jawa Tengah merupakan daerah endemik Leptospirosis yaitu di Semarang. Kota Semarang juga menduduki posisi pertama dalam kasus penyakit leptospirosis. Dari 219 kasus penyakit dari kencing tikus tersebut selama 2009, sebanyak 188 kasus di antaranya terjadi di Kota Semarang. "Selama 2009 ada sembilan pasien leptospirosis yang meninggal dunia. Pada tahun 2012 terjadi peningkatan angka kasus yang terjadi di Semarang dan pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 angka kematian leptospirosis tersebut mengalami kenaikan. Penyebab kenaikan angka kasus leptospirosis tersebut karena ketidaktahuan masyarakat tentang pengetahuan penyakit leptospirosis. Sehingga diperlukannya penyuluhan kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat mengetahui bahaya leptospirosis

Estimating the Impact of Daily Weather on the Temporal Pattern of COVID-19 Outbreak in India

© 2020, The Author(s). The COVID-19 pandemic has spread obstreperously in India. The increase in daily confirmed cases accelerated significantly from ~ 5 additional new cases (ANC)/day during early March up to ~ 249 ANC/day during early June. An abrupt change in this temporal pattern was noticed during mid-April, from which can be inferred a much reduced impact of the nationwide lockdown in India. Daily maximum (TMax), minimum (TMin), mean (TMean) and dew point temperature (TDew), wind speed (WS), relative humidity, and diurnal range in temperature and relative humidity during March 01 to June 04, 2020 over 9 major affected cities are analyzed to look into the impact of daily weather on COVID-19 infections on that day and 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 days before those cases were detected (i.e., on the likely transmission days). Spearman’s correlation exhibits significantly lower association with WS, TMax, TMin, TMean, TDew, but is comparatively better with a lag of 14 days. Support Vector regression successfully estimated the count of confirmed cases (R2 ' 0.8) at a lag of 12–16 days, thus reflecting a probable incubation period of 14 ± 02 days in India. Approximately 75% of total cases were registered when TMax, TMean, TMin, TDew, and WS at 12–16 days previously were varying within the range of 33.6–41.3 °C, 29.8–36.5 °C, 24.8–30.4 °C, 18.7–23.6 °C, and 4.2–5.75 m/s, respectively. Thus, we conclude that coronavirus transmission is not well correlated (linearly) with any individual weather parameter; rather, transmission is susceptible to a certain weather pattern. Hence multivariate non-linear approach must be employed instead

Manifestation of lattice topology data model for indoor navigation path based on the 3D building environment

Navigation, also known as discovering one's direction, is a complex human activity. To produce effective routes, it relies on knowledge of the surroundings' precise geometry and semantic information. Complex geometrical data can be precisely delineated with the improvement of 3D geometric models. A precise 3D geometric model containing a specifically built-in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment can be integrated into the Geographical Information System platform for indoor path generation to satisfy the requirements of indoor location-based services. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach to evaluate a 3D indoor topology network called a lattice topology data model (LTDM) for the floor-level paths in a 3D multipatch-based model. The LTDM requires the geometric information of the integrated BIM model to identify the indoor space and bounding lines for indoor network generation. The novelty of this study is in the application of the replacement of cell values into vector length for pathfinding through a combination of the Poincaré duality theorem and Dijkstra's algorithm. The Campus Infrastructure Building model was chosen to validate the proposed method. Multiple space centroid pairs within the floor level were randomly selected to identify the shortest path using the LTDM principle. Paths drawn from the Medial Axis Transformation were compared with LTDM-generated paths for availability testing. The average floor-level path availability was 112% due to the generation of extra paths reflecting real-life situations. The LTDM paths were compared with on-site measurements for accuracy tests, and the average error rate was 3.18%. The results show that the implementation of the LTDM generates an excellent topology data network

Perbandingan Ketepatan Pemilihan Ukuran ETT Uncuffed Menggunakan Estimasi Berdsarkan USG Area Subglotis, Rumus Panjang Badan, dan Kuku Kelingking Tangan Kiri Pada Pediatri

Pendahuluan: Penilaian pra-anestesi diameter trakea penting untuk memilih ukuran ETT yang tepat. Variasi anatomi pada pediatri berpengaruh pada ketepatan prediksi ukuran ETT. Sampai saat ini belum ada metode gold standard untuk menentukan ukuran ETT. Diameter cincin krikoid adalah area tersempit dari upper airway pada pediatric, dan bisa diukur menggunakan USG. Estimasi ukuran ETT uncuffed menggunakan USG area sublotis diperkirakan bisa lebih tepat, namun penelitian untuk hal tersebut belum ada di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi observasional komparatif, membandingkan ketepatan pemilihan ETT uncuffed menggunakan metode USG, rumus panjang badan, dan kuku kelingking tangan kiri. Penelitian dilakukan di ruang operasi Rumah Sakit Saiful Anwar Malang selama 3 bulan. Sampel pasien usia 1 bulan sampai 5 tahun yang menjalani prosedur general anesthesia intubasi endotrakeal. Jumlah sampel total berjumlah 40, terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, secara random dan tersamar. Semua pasien mendapat perlakuan yang sama, selain metode estimasi pemilihan ETT. Hasil: Dari hasil perbandingan tiga metode tersebut, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (bermakna) antara ketepatan pemilihan ukuran ETT uncuffed dengan menggunakan USG dibandingkan estimasi rumus atau kuku kelingking. Tingkat signifikansi Chi Square = 3.165, dan p=0.025. USG adalah metode yang terbaik dari 3 grup perlakuan. Kesimpulan: Pengukuran diameter area subglotis tersempit dengan USG untuk estimasi ukuran ETT uncuffed pada pasien pediatri memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang lebih baik secara signifikan dibandingkan menggunakan rumus panjang badan, dan kuku kelingking tangan kiri pada pasien-pasien pediatri usia 1 bulan sampai 5 tahu

Perbandingan Ketepatan Kedalaman Ett Menggunakan Estimasi Berdasarkan Metode Kombinasi Jenis Kelamin Dan Tinggi Badan (Colombia Formula) Dengan Metode Tinggi Badan (Chula Formula) Pada Pasien Yang Mendapat Bantuan Ventilasi Mekanik Di Intensive Care Unit Rsud Dr.Saiful Anwar

Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 50 orang pasien dewasa ICU yang mendapatkan bantuan ventilasi mekanis dengan Endotracheal Tube (ETT) di Instalasi ICU RSSA yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh diolah sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui perbandingan ketepatan kedalaman ETT menggunakan estimasi Colombia formula (jenis kelamin dan tinggi badan) dan Chula formula (tinggi badan) pada pasien yang mendapat bantuan ventilasi mekanis di intensive care unit RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar

Modeling of groundwater potential using cloud computing platform: A case study from nineveh plain, Northern Iraq

Knowledge of the groundwater potential, especially in an arid region, can play a major role in planning the sustainable management of groundwater resources. In this study, nine machine learning (ML) algorithms—namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Jungle (DJ), Aver-aged Perceptron (AP), Bayes Point Machine (BPM), Decision Forest (DF), Locally-Deep Support Vector Machine (LD-SVM), Boosted Decision Tree (BDT), Logistic Regression (LG), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were run on the Microsoft Azure cloud computing platform to model the groundwater potential. We investigated the relationship between 512 operating boreholes with a specified specific capacity and 14 groundwater-influencing occurrence factors. The unconfined aquifer in the Nineveh plain, Mosul Governorate, northern Iraq, was used as a case study. The groundwater-influencing factors used included elevation, slope, curvature, topographic wetness index, stream power index, soil, land use/land cover (LULC), geology, drainage density, aquifer saturated thickness, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, aquifer specific yield, depth to groundwater, distance to faults, and fault density. Analysis of the contribution of these factors in groundwater potential using information gain ratio indicated that aquifer saturated thickness, rainfall, hydraulic conductivity, depth to groundwater, specific yield, and elevation were the most important factors (average merit > 0.1), followed by geology, fault density, drainage density, soil, LULC, and distance to faults (average merit < 0.1). The average merits for the remaining factors were zero, and thus, these factors were removed from the analysis. When the selected ML classifiers were used to esti-mate groundwater potential in the Azure cloud computing environment, the DJ and BDT models performed the best in terms of all statistical error measures used (accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve), followed by DF and LD-SVM. The probability of groundwater potential from these algorithms was mapped and visualized into five groundwater potential zones: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, which correspond to the northern (very low to low), southern (moderate), and middle (high to very high) portions of the study area. Using a cloud computing service provides an improved platform for quickly and cheaply running and testing different algorithms for predicting groundwater potential

Carbon emissions from oil palm induced forest and peatland conversion in sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The palm oil industry is one of the major producers of vegetable oil in the tropics. Palm oil is used extensively for the manufacture of a wide variety of products and its production is increasing by around 9% every year, prompted largely by the expanding biofuel markets. The rise in annual demand for biofuels and vegetable oil from importer countries has caused a dramatic increase in the conversion of forests and peatlands into oil palm plantations in Malaysia. This study assessed the area of forests and peatlands converted into oil palm plantations from 1990 to 2018 in the states of Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia, and estimated the resulting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To do so, we analyzed multitemporal 30-m resolution Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images using a hybrid method that combined automatic image processing and manual analyses. We found that over the 28-year period, forest cover declined by 12.6% and 16.3%, and the peatland area declined by 20.5% and 19.1% in Sarawak and Sabah, respectively. In 2018, we found that these changes resulted in CO2 emissions of 0.01577 and 0.00086 Gt CO2-C yr−1, as compared to an annual forest CO2 uptake of 0.26464 and 0.15007 Gt CO2-C yr−1, in Sarawak and Sabah, respectively. Our assessment highlights that carbon impacts extend beyond lost standing stocks, and result in substantial direct emissions from the oil palm plantations themselves, with 2018 oil palm plantations in our study area emitting up to 4% of CO2 uptake by remaining forests. Limiting future climate change impacts requires enhanced economic incentives for land uses that neither convert standing forests nor result in substantial CO2 emissions

Association Patterns in Saproxylic Insect Networks in Three Iberian Mediterranean Woodlands and Their Resistance to Microhabitat Loss

The assessment of the relationship between species diversity, species interactions and environmental characteristics is indispensable for understanding network architecture and ecological distribution in complex networks. Saproxylic insect communities inhabiting tree hollow microhabitats within Mediterranean woodlands are highly dependent on woodland configuration and on microhabitat supply they harbor, so can be studied under the network analysis perspective. We assessed the differences in interacting patterns according to woodland site, and analysed the importance of functional species in modelling network architecture. We then evaluated their implications for saproxylic assemblages’ persistence, through simulations of three possible scenarios of loss of tree hollow microhabitat. Tree hollow-saproxylic insect networks per woodland site presented a significant nested pattern. Those woodlands with higher complexity of tree individuals and tree hollow microhabitats also housed higher species/interactions diversity and complexity of saproxylic networks, and exhibited a higher degree of nestedness, suggesting that a higher woodland complexity positively influences saproxylic diversity and interaction complexity, thus determining higher degree of nestedness. Moreover, the number of insects acting as key interconnectors (nodes falling into the core region, using core/periphery tests) was similar among woodland sites, but the species identity varied on each. Such differences in insect core composition among woodland sites suggest the functional role they depict at woodland scale. Tree hollows acting as core corresponded with large tree hollows near the ground and simultaneously housing various breeding microsites, whereas core insects were species mediating relevant ecological interactions within saproxylic communities, e.g. predation, competitive or facilitation interactions. Differences in network patterns and tree hollow characteristics among woodland sites clearly defined different sensitivity to microhabitat loss, and higher saproxylic diversity and woodland complexity showed positive relation with robustness. These results highlight that woodland complexity goes hand in hand with biotic and ecological complexity of saproxylic networks, and together exhibited positive effects on network robustness.The research Projects I+D CGL2011-23658 y CGL2012-31669 of the Spanish Minister of Science provided economic support

Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life for optimal growth, development and health. Breastfeeding should continue up to two years or more and nutritionally adequate, safe, and appropriately-fed complementary foods should be introduced at the age of six months to meet the evolving needs of the growing infant. Little evidence exists on breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in urban slums in sub-Saharan Africa. Our aim was to assess breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in Nairobi slums with reference to WHO recommendations. MethodsData from a longitudinal study conducted in two Nairobi slums are used. The study used information on the first year of life of 4299 children born between September 2006 and January 2010. All women who gave birth during this period were interviewed on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices at recruitment and this information was updated twice, at four-monthly intervals. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding in infancy and early introduction of complementary foods. ResultsThere was universal breastfeeding with almost all children (99%) having ever been breastfed. However, more than a third (37%) were not breastfed in the first hour following delivery, and 40% were given something to drink other than the mothers' breast milk within 3 days after delivery. About 85% of infants were still breastfeeding by the end of the 11th month. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was rare as only about 2% of infants were exclusively breastfed for six months. Factors associated with sub-optimal infant breastfeeding and feeding practices in these settings include child's sex; perceived size at birth; mother's marital status, ethnicity; education level; family planning (pregnancy desirability); health seeking behaviour (place of delivery) and; neighbourhood (slum of residence). ConclusionsThe study indicates poor adherence to WHO recommendations for breastfeeding and infant feeding practices. Interventions and further research should pay attention to factors such as cultural practices, access to and utilization of health care facilities, child feeding education, and family planning. <br/