2,846 research outputs found
Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment for Fetal Oropharyngeal Cyst
Background. A prenatally diagnosed fetal anomaly that could compromise the fetal airway at delivery can be managed safely with the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure. Case. A 26-year-old healthy primigravida was diagnosed during her midtrimester anatomic ultrasound survey with a fetal oropharyngeal cystic structure located at the base of the tongue. The neonatal airway was successfully secured intrapartum using the EXIT procedure. Conclusion. Maintenance of fetoplacental circulation until the fetal airway is secured has been described for a multitude of fetal anomalies including cystic hygroma and teratoma. The literature also recounts its use for the reversal of tracheal plugging for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal and intrapartum care is essential for the successful management of these cases
A systematic review of associations between environmental exposures and development of asthma in children aged up to 9 years
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Solar Carbon Monoxide, Thermal Profiling, and the Abundances of C, O, and their Isotopes
A solar photospheric "thermal profiling" analysis is presented, exploiting
the infrared rovibrational bands of carbon monoxide (CO) as observed with the
McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Kitt Peak, and from above
the Earth's atmosphere by the Shuttle-borne ATMOS experiment. Visible continuum
intensities and center-limb behavior constrained the temperature profile of the
deep photosphere, while CO center-limb behavior defined the thermal structure
at higher altitudes. The oxygen abundance was self consistently determined from
weak CO absorptions. Our analysis was meant to complement recent studies based
on 3-D convection models which, among other things, have revised the historical
solar oxygen (and carbon) abundance downward by a factor of nearly two;
although in fact our conclusions do not support such a revision. Based on
various considerations, an oxygen abundance of 700+/-100 ppm (parts per million
relative to hydrogen) is recommended; the large uncertainty reflects the model
sensitivity of CO. New solar isotopic ratios also are reported for 13C, 17O,
and 18O.Comment: 90 pages, 19 figures (some with parts "a", "b", etc.); to be
published in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Construction of the Soudan 2 detector
Progress in the construction of the Soudan 2 nucleon decay detector which is being built at the Soudan iron mine in Minnesota is discussed. The expected event rate and characteristics of low energy neutrino events, muon events, multiple muon events, and other cosmic ray phenomena are discussed
Molecular astronomy of cool stars and sub-stellar objects
The optical and infrared spectra of a wide variety of `cool' astronomical
objects including the Sun, sunspots, K-, M- and S-type stars, carbon stars,
brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets are reviewed. The review provides the
necessary astronomical background for chemical physicists to understand and
appreciate the unique molecular environments found in astronomy. The
calculation of molecular opacities needed to simulate the observed spectral
energy distributions is discussed
Management of Complications Caused By a Massive Left Ventricle Tumor in a Neonate
We report a case of a neonate born with a giant fibroma occupying the entirety of her left ventricle. Due to the extensive resection, her postoperative course was complicated by severely diminished left ventricular function and complete heart block necessitating extracorporeal support. Ultimately, cardiac resynchronization therapy was employed, after which the infantâs ventricular function gradually improved and she was successfully discharged to home
Comparative analysis between condom use clusters and risk behaviours among portuguese university students
The research on condom use has been focused on high-risk individuals, paying less attention to those who have moderate risk or safe sexual conducts. In order to design accurate interventions, potential differences among the condom use behavior groups must be considered. The goal was to assess possible differences in individuals presenting different types of risk behavior. 140 heterosexual university students answered a self-reported questionnaire about their sexual history, condom use habits, sexual self-esteem, sexual satisfaction, sexual control, attitudes towards condoms, self-efficacy to condom use, and emotions and feelings during sexual intercourse. A cluster analysis was conducted using the results about condom use and risk behaviors. Three groups with different risk levels emerged, presenting differences over sexual self-efficacy, attitudes towards condoms, socio-demographic variables, and sexual history. The results suggest the condom use inconsistency is highly associated with other risk behaviors but the contrary does not necessarily happens. Condom use consistent users also presented risk behaviors as smoking and drinking. The group differences suggest the risks were more affected by the combination of lack of skills with a negative attitude toward condoms than by contextual or personal variables. These differences sustain the need of an intervention adjusted to the individual's risk levels, since they differ on skills and beliefs that may hinder or promote the adoption of health behaviors.Foundation for Science and Technology/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Three-flavor atmospheric neutrino anomaly
We investigate the indications of flavor oscillations that come from the
anomalous flavor composition of the atmospheric neutrino flux observed in some
underground experiments. We study the information coming from the
neutrino-induced -like and -like events both in the sub-GeV energy
range (Kamiokande, IMB, Fr{\'e}jus, and NUSEX experiments) and in the multi-GeV
energy range (Kamiokande experiment). First we analyze all the data in the
limits of pure and
oscillations. We obtain that
oscillations provide a better fit, in particular
to the multi-GeV data. Then we perform a three-flavor analysis in the
hypothesis of dominance of one neutrino square mass difference, , implying
that the neutrino mixing is parametrized by two angles,
. We explore the space
exhaustively, and find the regions favored by the oscillation hypothesis. The
results are displayed in a form suited to the comparison with other flavor
oscillation searches at accelerator, reactor, and solar experiments. In
the analysis, we pay particular attention to the earth matter effects, to the
correlation of the uncertainties, and to the symmetry properties of the
oscillation probability.Comment: 25 pages (RevTeX) + 12 figures, requires epsfig.sty. All the figures
are bitmapped. Postscript figures with full resolution are available at
ftp://ftp.sns.ias.edu/pub/lisi/atmpaper
Recent direct reaction experimental studies with radioactive tin beams
Direct reaction techniques are powerful tools to study the single-particle
nature of nuclei. Performing direct reactions on short-lived nuclei requires
radioactive ion beams produced either via fragmentation or the Isotope
Separation OnLine (ISOL) method. Some of the most interesting regions to study
with direct reactions are close to the magic numbers where changes in shell
structure can be tracked. These changes can impact the final abundances of
explosive nucleosynthesis. The structure of the chain of tin isotopes is
strongly influenced by the Z=50 proton shell closure, as well as the neutron
shell closures lying in the neutron-rich, N=82, and neutron-deficient, N=50,
regions. Here we present two examples of direct reactions on exotic tin
isotopes. The first uses a one-neutron transfer reaction and a low-energy
reaccelerated ISOL beam to study states in 131Sn from across the N=82 shell
closure. The second example utilizes a one-neutron knockout reaction on
fragmentation beams of neutron-deficient 106,108Sn. In both cases, measurements
of gamma rays in coincidence with charged particles proved to be invaluable.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics "Extremes
of the Nuclear Landscape", Zakopane, Poland, August 31 - September 7, 201
High Energy Hadron-Nucleus Cross Sections and Their Extrapolation to Cosmic Ray Energies
Old models of the scattering of composite systems based on the Glauber model
of multiple diffraction are applied to hadron-nucleus scattering. We obtain an
excellent fit with only two free parameters to the highest energy
hadron-nucleus data available. Because of the quality of the fit and the
simplicity of the model it is argued that it should continue to be reliable up
to the highest cosmic ray energies. Logarithmic extrapolations of proton-proton
and proton-antiproton data are used to calculate the proton-air cross sections
at very high energy. Finally, it is observed that if the exponential behavior
of the proton-antiproton diffraction peak continues into the few TeV energy
range it will violate partial wave unitarity. We propose a simple modification
that will guarantee unitarity throughout the cosmic ray energy region.Comment: 8 pages, 9 postscript figures. This manuscript replaces a partial
manuscript incorrectly submitte
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