MESUAFERRIN A-BIOACTIVE FLAVONOID ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF MESUA FERREA L. AGAINST PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE: AN IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND IN SILICO APPROACH

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A from the bark of Mesuaferrea L. by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach.Methods: To evaluate the effect of isolated bioactive flavonoid Mesuaferrin-A on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) using in vitro methods, followed by carrageenan-induced paw edema model by in vivo and to determine the binding orientation and interactions of Mesuaferrin-A onarachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes (PLA2, COX-2 and 5-LOX) crystal proteins using molecular docking (in silico) studies.Results: Mesuaferrin-A exhibited a dose-dependent significant 5-LOX inhibitory and considerable COX-2 inhibitory activity by in vitro, The inhibitory activities of 5-LOX and COX-2 at 100µg/ml were found to be 78.67%, 81.03% with IC50 values of 45.22µg/ml and 35.74µg/ml respectively. Whereas Mesuaferrin-A showed less PLA2 inhibitory activity. Mesuaferrin-A showed 68.34% inhibitory activity at 400 mg/kg body weight at the late phase of carrageenan-induced paw edema, and In silico studies demonstrated that Mesuaferrin-A strongly binds with 5-LOX and COX-2, these strong binding affinity of Mesuaferrin-A on active site amino acids of 5-LOX and COX-2 may be responsible for inhibition of enzyme activity. Mesuaferrin-A showeda comparable 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibition activity with (positive control).Conclusion: It was concluded that Mesuaferrin-A act as 5-LOX and COX dual inhibitor, from the results it was suggests that Mesuaferrin-A, may be an effective preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with inflammatory-related diseases

ONE STEP QUANTIFICATION ANALYTICAL METHOD AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VALSARTAN BY LC-MS

Objective: To develop precise LC-MS method for the estimation of valsartan impurities and perform validation as per ICH guidelines.Methods: Valsartan (VLN) and its degradation products were analyzed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using mobile phase water: acetonitrile: glacial acetic acid: phosphate buffer in the ratio of 500:500:1:0.5 v/v/v/v at 225 nm using column nucleosil C18, 125 ×4.0 mm, 5 µm. VLN sample (VLN SPL) thus obtained an unknown major impurity (UIMP) of 0.5 % at 0.38 retention time ratio (RRt) and purity of VLN was found to be 98.70 % respectively.Results: Estimation of VLN SPL total unknown impurities was found to be 1.3% by RP-HPLC. In similarly by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) a typical chromatogram of valsartan (VLN) at Rt 9.03 min and UIMP at Rt 3.3 min were recorded at a total run time of 23 min. Assay of VLN SPL was validated as per international council for harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Average % recovery was found to be 100.04 % for VLN SPL.Conclusion: The proposed work clearly indicates that the method can be easily adapted for the routine one step estimation of VLN active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)

Facial Skin Disease Detection using Image Processing

Busy lifestyle, modernization, increasing pollution and unhealthy diet have led to problems which people are neglecting. Not drinking enough water, stress and hormonal changes are causing problems to skin. Causes may be situational or genetic. Few skin conditions are minor while others can be life-threatening. The skin is the largest organ of the body and is composed of water, proteins, fats and minerals. Problems appear on outer layer of the skin that is epidermis. Skin diseases are considered to be the fourth most common cause of human illness. Skin diseases are observed to increase with age and were seen frequently in both men and women. Skin disorders can be temporary or permanent. Skin diseases have an impact on individual, family and social life caused by inadequate self-treatment which may also induce psychological problems. In recent years, use of computer technologies is becoming practically universal for both personal and professional issues. Facial skin problem identification and recognition has evolved to a great extent over the years. Detection of skin diseases is done using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and image processing methods. CNN yields better performance in terms of accuracy, precision and results than the existing conventional methods. Image processing uses digital computer to process the images through an algorithm. We focus on features like skin tone, skin texture and color. We present a brief review about various facial skin problems providing more insight about the effective models and algorithms used

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Extract of Mirabilis jalapa Against Pathogenic Microorganisms

Investigation of the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of Mirabilis jalapa were carried out using acetone, chloroform, ethanol and methanol. These extracts were subjected to screening of preliminary phytochemical tests. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins and lignins. The methanol extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (21mm in dia with 500μg/disc extract) against Staphylococcus aureus and the highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (97.5% with 500μg/ml medium) against Aspergillus flavus. The methanol extract exhibited the lowest MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (39 μg/ml) and Aspergillus flavus (45μg/ml). It appeared that M. jalapa could be a potential natural source of new antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa, leaf extract, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity

The high speed water tunnel facility at the Indian Institute of Science

The present article about the high speed water tunnel facility at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, provides a general description of the tunnel circuit, and brief reports on the performance of the facility and some typical results from investigations carried out in it. A unique aspect of the facility is that it has a horizontal resorber in the form of a large cylindrical tank located in the lower leg of the circuit. The facility has been used, among other things, for flow visualization studies, and investigations on marine propeller hydrodynamics and "synthetic cavitation". The last topic has been primarily developed at the Indian Institute of Science and shows considerable promise for basic work in cavitation inception and noise

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events