Reconstruction of dietary habits on the basis of dental microwear and trace elements analysis of individuals from Gáň cemetery (district Galanta, Slovakia)

The aim of the study was to determine the diet of a historical human population. Dental microwear and trace elements were analyzed. Although 38 individuals had been buried in the cemetery, only 13 of them were suitable for the analysis of trace elements and 17 skeletal remains for microwear analysis. Buccal microwear has been studied in a sample of 17 teeth from Gin cemetery. Teeth molds of the buccal surface were obtained and observed at 120x magnification with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Length and orientation of each striation have been determined with a SigmaScan Pro 5.0 image analysis program. The results of the analysis from Gan were compared with the previous study in a sample of 153 molar teeth from different modern hunter-gatherer, pastorals, and agriculturalist groups, with different diets (Inuit, Fueguians, Bushmen, Australian aborigines, Andaman's, Indians from Vancouver, Veddahs, Tasmanians, Lapps, and Hindus), preserved at museum collections. Buccal dental microwear density and length by orientation showed almost an inclination to hunter-gatherers from tropic and arid climates. The sample for the trace elements analysis consisted of 10 permanent molars and 3 permanent premolars. All analyzed teeth were intact, with fully developed roots, without dental caries, calculus and abrasion. Samples were analyzed using the method of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Three elements: Ca, Sr, and Zn were chosen as basic diet determinants. Concentrations of these elements and their ratios were used for description of a relative proportion of plant and animal protein in a diet. The values of the Sr and Zn concentrations indicate that a diet of investigated population was rich in plant food. Higher Sr values in women can indicate lower proportion of animal protein in a diet, but significant differences have not been found. Differences between non-adult and adult individuals and between individuals with and without grave furnishings have also not been significant

Thermal Conductivity of a Layered CsGd(MoO4)2CsGd(MoO_4)_2 Crystal

The thermal conductivity of $CsGd(MoO_4)_2$ has been studied in the temperature range from 2 to 50 K in zero magnetic field. The analysis of the data performed within the Debye model with the relaxation-time approximation revealed the presence of the scattering of phonons by critical fluctuations. The behaviour of phonon mean free path at the lowest temperatures is discussed

The Rare-earth Based Single-ion Magnet CsNd(MoO4)2CsNd(MoO_{4})_{2}

Specific heat, magnetization and DC susceptibility of the single crystal $CsNd(MoO_{4})_{2}$,a layered rare-earth dimolybdate, have been investigated nominally, in the temperature range from 100 mK to 300 K in the magnetic field up to 5 T, applied along the a axis. The analysis of the experimental data revealed the absence of a phase transition to the magnetic ordered state down to 100 mK. The application of a standard two-level model yielded an excellent agreement with the specific heat data above 2 K in nonzero magnetic field indicating a weakness of magnetic correlations and a predominant occupation of the ground-energy doublet. The latter indicates a large energy separation between the ground and first excited doublet. These measurements suggest that $CsNd(MoO_{4})_{2}$ can represent a good realization of a single-ion magnet

[Ni(en)(H2O)4][SO4]⋅2H2O[Ni(en)(H_2O)_4][SO_4] \cdot 2H_2O - an S = 1 Molecular Magnet with Easy-Plane Anisotropy

Structural analysis of $[Ni(en)(H_2O)_4][SO_4] \cdot 2H_2O$ was performed and it suggests that the crystal field should play a dominant role in the magnetic properties of the system. This conjecture coincides well with the specific heat and susceptibility behaviour. The analysis confirmed that the compound can be treated as a spin 1 single molecule magnet with nonmagnetic ground state introduced by easy-plane single-ion anisotropy D/$k_B$≈11 K and neglecting in-plane anisotropy E/D <0.1

Experimental Study of the Thermal Transport in CsNiF3−AnS=1CsNiF_3 - An S = 1 Quantum Chain

The heat transport in a single-crystal of $CsNiF_3$ has been performed in the temperature range from 2 K to 7 K in a zero magnetic field, B = 0, as well as in sufficiently large magnetic fields, B = 6 T and 9 T, inducing the ferromagnetic ground state along the hard c-axis. $CsNiF_3$ represents an S = 1 quasi-one-dimensional XY ferromagnet with the intra-chain exchange coupling $J//k_{B}$ ≈ 24 K, single-ion anisotropy $D/k_{B}$ ≈ 8 K, and ordering temperature $T_{N}$ = 2.7 K. Comparison of the phonon and magnon velocities suggests that phonons are the main heat carriers in this magnetic insulator. The thermal conductivity in B = 0 was analysed in the frame of a standard Debye model. The temperature dependence of the effective phonon mean free path was calculated from the experimental data, and the enhancement of the phonon mean free path in B ≠ 0 was obtained, indicating that magnons act as scattering centers for phonons

Scattering of Phonons in CsMnCl3⋅2H2OCsMnCl_3 \cdot 2H_2O

The thermal conductivity of the quasi-one-dimensional S = 5/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet $CsMnCl_3 \cdot 2H_2O$ with the intrachain interaction $J//k_{B}$ = 3 K was experimentally studied at temperatures from 2 to 25 K. The data analysis performed within the Debye model with the relaxation-time approximation unambiguously indicates the presence of the scattering of phonons on magnetic subsystem