Modeling of calcium dynamics in excitable and non-excitable cells

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá elektrofyziologickými jevy na molekulární úrovni a úrovni buněk. Cílem je podat základní informace pro pochopení jednoduchých buněčných modelů. Práce také pojednává o principech modelování dynamiky kalcia v buňkách. V prostředí Matlab jsou realizovány modely Luo-Rudy z roku 1991, Luo Rudy z roku 1994 a model oscilačního chování ß-buněk pankreatu. Pomocí rozhraní GUI je vytvořen přehledný program pro simulaci elektrofyziologickými jevu.This bachelor thesis deals with electrophysiologic phenomenons on molecular and cellular level. The aim is to provide basic information for better understanding of simple cellular models. This work also discusses principles of calcium dynamic modelling in cells. In Matlab environment the Lou-Rudy model from 1991, Lou-Rudy model from 1994 and the phantom burster model for pancreatic ß-cells are implemented. Using the GUI interface a clear program for simulation electrophysiologic phenomenons is created.

Radioactive radiation meter with simultaneous GPS position sensing

Účelem této diplomové práce je sepsat teorii snímání radioaktivního záření, popsat funkci GPS a vytvořit návrh měřícího systému, který umožňuje měřit přirozené radioaktivní pozadí a k těmto hodnotám přiřadit aktuální souřadnice GPS.The task of this master´s thesis is to write a theory of radiation sensing, describe the function of GPS and design the measuring system which can measure the radioactive background and these values assigned to the current GPS coordinates.

Membrane potential measurement with voltage sensitive dyes in fluorescence microscopy

Cílem této práce je sestavit literární rešerši v oblasti měření membránového napětí pomocí napěťově citlivých barviv a navrhnout postup měření membránového napětí na dostupných buňkách s využitím napěťově citlivého barviva di-4-ANEPPS a realizovat ho. Práce obsahuje úvod do elektrofyziologie živočišných buněk, vysvětluje fluorescenci a její typické vlastnosti a věnuje se popisu fluorescenčního mikroskopu. Dokument se z části věnuje charakterizaci a rozdělení napěťově citlivých barviv. Velká část práce obsahuje popis realizace a měření experimentu. V dokumentu jsou také zahrnuty různé metody měření a zpracování všech výsledků.The aim of this work is to make a literature search in the measurement of membrane voltage using voltage-sensitive dyes and suggest a method for measuring the membrane voltage on the available cells using the voltage-sensitive dye di 4 ANEPPS and its further implementation. The work contains an introduction to electrophysiology of cells, and explains typical fluorescence characteristics. The thesis contains the description of a fluorescence microscope. The document presents characteristics of voltage-sensitive dyes and their distribution. A large part of the work describes the implementation and measurement of the experiment. The document also includes different methods for measuring and processing of all results.

Rydberg states of helium in electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary relative orientation

A spectroscopic study of Rydberg states of helium ($n$ = 30 and 45) in magnetic, electric and combined magnetic and electric fields with arbitrary relative orientations of the field vectors is presented. The emphasis is on two special cases where (i) the diamagnetic term is negligible and both paramagnetic Zeeman and Stark effects are linear ($n$ = 30, $B \leq$ 120 mT and $F$ = 0 - 78 V/cm ), and (ii) the diamagnetic term is dominant and the Stark effect is linear ($n$ = 45, $B$ = 277 mT and $F$ = 0 - 8 V/cm). Both cases correspond to regimes where the interactions induced by the electric and magnetic fields are much weaker than the Coulomb interaction, but much stronger than the spin-orbit interaction. The experimental spectra are compared to spectra calculated by determining the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix describing helium Rydberg states in the external fields. The spectra and the calculated energy-level diagrams in external fields reveal avoided crossings between levels of different $m_l$ values and pronounced $m_l$-mixing effects at all angles between the electric and magnetic field vectors other than 0. These observations are discussed in the context of the development of a method to generate dense samples of cold atoms and molecules in a magnetic trap following Rydberg-Stark deceleration.Comment: 16 pages, 18 figure

On cubic polyhedral graphs with prescribed adjacency properties of their faces

AbstractWe consider classes of cubic polyhedral graphs whose non-q-gonal faces are adjacent to q-gonal faces only. Structural properties of some classes of such graphs are described. For q = 5 we show that all the graphs in this class are cyclically 4-edge-connected. Some cyclically 4edge-connected and cyclically 5-edge-connected non-Hamiltonian members from this class are presented

Pharmacogenetics of oral antidiabetic drugs

Oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are used for more than a half-century in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Only in the last five years, intensive research has been conducted in the pharmacogenetics of these drugs based mainly on the retrospective register studies, but only a handful of associations detected in these studies were replicated. The gene variants in CYP2C9, ABCC8/KCNJ11, and TCF7L2 were associated with the effect of sulfonylureas. CYP2C9 encodes sulfonylurea metabolizing cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C9, ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes encode proteins constituting ATP-sensitive K+ channel which is a therapeutic target for sulfonylureas, and TCF7L2 is a gene with the strongest association with type 2 diabetes. SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and ATM gene variants were repeatedly associated with the response to metformin. SLC22A1 and SLC47A1 encode metformin transporters OCT1 and MATE1, respectively. The function of a gene variant near ATM gene identified by a genome-wide association study is not elucidated so far. The first variant associated with the response to gliptins is a polymorphism in the proximity of CTRB1/2 gene which encodes chymotrypsinogen. Establishment of diabetes pharmacogenetics consortia and reduction in costs of genomics might lead to some significant clinical breakthroughs in this field in a near future