Cosmetic Toxicity & Its Management - An Ayurvedic Perspective

People in every civilization used cosmetics to protect and embellish their skin, which naturally leads us to conclude that this is a primordial need. The demand of cosmetic products have increased in recent times, resulting in massive production without following any standard guidelines. Many of them contain dangerous ingredients such as Hydroquinone, Talcum, Parabens, Phthalates, Fragrance, Heavy metals like Lead, Arsenic etc. Studies have shown that about 50% skin fairness face creams available in India contain steroids. Due to long term use, it accumulates in the body and can cause irritation, increased susceptibility to infections, Kidney and Liver damage, Reproductive toxicity and Carcinogenicity. In Ayurveda, the concept of Gara Visha can be well incorporate with Cosmetic toxicity. Acarya Susruta mentions about various Gara Visha Adhishtanas and its different manifestations. The widespread use of cosmetic products is increasingly recognized as a public health and social justice issue due to the deleterious health side effects and the potential reinforcement of racial and social inequalities. So this article review the concepts of Cosmetic toxicity in Ayurveda, their prevention and management

Prevalence of breathing difficulty and evaluating the use of inhaler among public in rural area

Asthma and COPD are common diseases of the airways and lungs that have a major impact on the health of the population. Major limitation to the effective use of inhaled medications is the inability of many patients to use various inhaler devices correctly. Patients require appropriate education in the correct handling of inhaled medications. Objective of the study is the prevalence of breathing difficulty and evaluating the use of inhaler among public in rural area. Methodology includes a cross sectional questionnaire study carried out among 35 people in rural area. The study is mainly based on the use of inhaler techniques among peoples leave in a particular locality and taken there duration of disease, medications, frequency of using the inhaler to determine the correct way of using the inhaler. Result includes about 35 patients were responded. Among them 36.5% were female patients and 23.5% were males. Most of the patients have asthma 24%. most often people have correct knowledge about inhaler use. 59.3% people using meter dose inhaler and 37% people use rotahaler. about 63% people use inhaler whenever necessary, 25.9% people use inhaler twice a day, 3.7% use after a long journey and 7.4% use all of the above. The opportunity for technological innovation and educational interventions to reduce errors is highlighted, as well as the specific challenges faced by children

Hotspot analysis: a first prototype Python plugin enabling exploratory spatial data analysis into QGIS

ABSTRACT The growing popularity of Free and Open Source (FOSS) GIS software is -without doubts-due to the possibility to build and customize geospatial applications to meet specific requirements for any users. From this point of view, QGIS is one of the most flexible as well as fashionable GIS software environment which enables users to develop powerful geospatial applications using Python. Exploiting this feature, we present here a first prototype plugin for QGIS dedicated to Hotspot analysis, one of the techniques included in the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). These statistics aim to perform analysis of geospatial data when spatial autocorrelation is not neglectable and they are available inside different Python libraries, but still not integrated within the QGIS core functionalities. The main plugin features, including installation requirements and computational procedures, are described together with an example of the possible applications of the Hotspot analysis

Mechanism of homodimeric cytokine receptor activation and dysregulation by oncogenic mutations

Homodimeric class I cytokine receptors are assumed to exist as preformed dimers that are activated by ligand-induced conformational changes. We quantified the dimerization of three prototypic class I cytokine receptors in the plasma membrane of living cells by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Spatial and spatiotemporal correlation of individual receptor subunits showed ligand-induced dimerization and revealed that the associated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) dimerizes through its pseudokinase domain. Oncogenic receptor and hyperactive JAK2 mutants promoted ligand-independent dimerization, highlighting the formation of receptor dimers as the switch responsible for signal activation. Atomistic modeling and molecular dynamics simulations based on a detailed energetic analysis of the interactions involved in dimerization yielded a mechanistic blueprint for homodimeric class I cytokine receptor activation and its dysregulation by individual mutations.</p

Arthropods occurring on sweet white lupin and native lupins in southeastern Washington

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A new tool to quantify receptor recruitment to cell contact sites during host-pathogen interaction.

To understand the process of innate immune fungal recognition, we developed computational tools for the rigorous quantification and comparison of receptor recruitment and distribution at cell-cell contact sites. We used these tools to quantify pattern recognition receptor spatiotemporal distributions in contacts between primary human dendritic cells and the fungal pathogens C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and the environmental yeast S. cerevisiae, imaged using 3D multichannel laser scanning confocal microscopy. The detailed quantitative analysis of contact sites shows that, despite considerable biochemical similarity in the composition and structure of these species' cell walls, the receptor spatiotemporal distribution in host-microbe contact sites varies significantly between these yeasts. Our findings suggest a model where innate immune cells discriminate fungal microorganisms based on differential mobilization and coordination of receptor networks. Our analysis methods are also broadly applicable to a range of cell-cell interactions central to many biological problems

Mass spectrometry of extracellular vesicles

The review briefly summaries main features of extracellular vesicles, a joint terminology for exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic vesicles. These vesicles are in the center of interest in biology and medical sciences, and form a very active field of research. Mass spectrometry (MS), with its specificity and sensitivity, has the potential to identify and characterize molecular composition of these vesicles; but as yet there are only a limited, but fast-growing, number of publications that use MS workflows in this field. MS is the major tool to assess protein composition of extracellular vesicles: qualitative and quantitative proteomics approaches are both reviewed. Beside proteins, lipid and metabolite composition of vesicles might also be best assessed by MS techniques; however there are few applications as yet in this respect. The role of alternative analytical approaches, like gel-based proteomics and antibody-based immunoassays, are also mentioned. The objective of the review is to give an overview of this fast-growing field to help orient MS-based research on extracellular vesicles

Common spiders of Washington

Wherever you find insects, you are likely to find spiders lurking nearby. All spiders are predators that have coevolved with their prey—primarily insects and other arthropods. Spiders have evolved numerous and fascinating strategies to trap, stalk, ambush, or hunt live insects. All spiders possess mouthparts, in the form of fangs, to subdue their prey. Thus, all spiders can bite, and some of them are large enough to bite humans and pets, but only in self-defense. Here in the Pacific Northwest, only one species of spider has been documented as venomous to humans. The objective of this publication is to help residents, gardeners, and naturalists recognize the most common spiders found in Washington State and appreciate them as beneficial organisms. This publication also seeks to reduce human exposure to the nuisance of, and bites from, spiders