27 research outputs found
Genetic background of coat colour in sheep
The coat colour of animals is an extremely important trait that affects their
behaviour and is decisive for survival in the natural environment. In farm
animal breeding, as a result of the selection of a certain coat colour type,
animals are characterized by a much greater variety of coat types. This makes
them an appropriate model in research in this field. A very important aspect
of the coat colour types of farm animals is distinguishing between breeds and
varieties based on this trait. Furthermore, for the sheep breeds which are
kept for skins and wool, coat/skin colour is an important economic trait.
Until now the study of coat colour inheritance in sheep proved the dominance
of white colour over pigmented/black coat or skin and of black over brown.
Due to the current knowledge of the molecular basis of ovine coat colour
inheritance, there is no molecular test to distinguish coat colour types in
sheep although some are available for other species, such as cattle, dogs,
and horses. Understanding the genetic background of variation in one of the
most important phenotypic traits in livestock would help to identify new
genes which have a great effect on the coat colour type. Considering that
coat colour variation is a crucial trait for discriminating between breeds
(including sheep), it is important to broaden our knowledge of the genetic
background of pigmentation. The results may be used in the future to
determine the genetic pattern of a breed. Until now, identified candidate
genes that have a significant impact on colour type in mammals mainly code
for factors located in melanocytes. The proposed candidate genes code for the
melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), agouti signaling
protein (ASIP), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1),
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, and v-kit
Hardy–Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KIT).
However, there is still no conclusive evidence of established polymorphisms
for specific coat colour types in sheep
The expression of the SCD1 gene and its correlation with fattening and carcass traits in sheep
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis
of monounsaturated fatty acids and is involved in several signaling
pathways related to lipid metabolism. The objective of the present study was
to estimate the expression of the SCD1 gene in three different ovine tissues
strongly associated with lipid homeostasis. The SCD1 gene expression measurement
was performed on three tissues (liver, subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat)
originated from 15 old-type Polish Merino sheep. The SCD1 transcript abundance
was evaluated based on the two most stable endogenous controls (RPS2 –
ribosomal protein S2; ATP5G2 – H(+)-transporting ATP
synthase). The highest expression of the SCD1 gene was observed in ovine
subcutaneous fat compared to perirenal fat and liver. Furthermore, the
present research indicated the significant correlation between ovine SCD1
transcript abundance and several important production traits. The expression
of the SCD1 gene in liver and perirenal fat highly positively correlated with
the feed : gain ratio, test of daily gain and age of the animals at slaughter.
Moreover, in both tissues, the SCD1mRNA level positively correlated with weight
and content of perirenal fat and subcutaneous fat (<i>R</i> =  0.64, 0.8, 0.6,
respectively) and negatively with assessment of external fat content with
the use of the EUROP scale (<i>R</i> = −0.64). The SCD1 expression in subcutaneous fat
also corresponds with back fat of blade chop and thickness of longissimus dorsi muscles
evaluated using USG (ultrasonography) (<i>R</i> =  −0.6 and 0.62, respectively). The
significant correlation between SCD1 transcript abundance and fattening and
slaughtering traits indicate the ability to improve important production
traits in sheep via modification of expression of the SCD1
gene
Nutritional modification of <i>SCD</i>, <i>ACACA</i> and <i>LPL</i> gene expressions in different ovine tissues
Fatty acid composition is one of the main factors affecting health
benefits of food. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD), acetyl-CoA carboxylase
alpha (ACACA) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) have been considered as the
rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of different fatty acids critical
in lipid metabolism. The aim of our study was the analysis of differences in
expression profiles of three ovine genes related to lipid metabolism
(LPL, ACACA, SCD) depending on feeding system and tissue
type. The gene expression measurement was performed using a real-time PCR
method on 60 old-type Polish Merino Sheep, which were divided into three feeding
groups (I – complete pellet mixture, n =  12; II – complete mixture with
addition of fresh grass, n =  24; III – complete mixture with addition of
fresh red clover, n =  24). From all lambs, tissue samples – subcutaneous fat,
perirenal fat and liver – were collected immediately after slaughter and
LPL, ACACA and SCD expression was estimated based on two
endogenous controls (RPS2 – ribosomal protein S2;
ATP5G2 – H(+)-transporting ATP synthase). Our research indicated
that supplementation of diet with an addition of fresh grass or red clover
significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the expression of SCD,
ACACA and LPL genes in fat tissue compared to standard complete
pelleted mixture. On the other hand, the highest expression of ACACA
was detected in liver tissue collected from sheep fed a diet with an
addition of fresh red clover (P < 0.05). In turn, the highest
expression of the SCD gene was detected in animals fed with grass
supplementation (P < 0.05). Regardless of diet supplementation, the
highest SCD transcript abundance was detected in perirenal fat,
while LPL and ACACA expression was the highest in both
perirenal and subcutaneous fat. The ability of nutrigenomic regulation of
transcription of analyzed genes confirmed that these genes play a critical
role in regulation of lipid metabolism processes in sheep and could be
associated with fatty acid profiles in milk and meat
Molecular characterization of the apoptosis-related SH3RF1 and SH3RF2 genes and their association with exercise performance in Arabian horses
Abstract Background Apoptosis plays an important role in the regulation of healthy tissue growth and development as well as in controlling the maintenance of homeostasis in exercising muscles. During an intensive physical effort, the regulation of cell death by apoptosis results in the replacement of unaccustomed muscle cells by new cells that are better suited to exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of two genes (SH3FR1 and SH3RF2) that control apoptosis in muscle tissues during training periods characterized by different intensities. The gene expression levels were estimated using real-time PCR method in skeletal muscle biopsies collected from 15 Arabian horses (untrained, after an intense gallop phase, and at the end of the racing season). An association study was performed on 250 Arabian horses to assess the effect of the SH3RF2:c.796 T > C (p.Ser266Pro) variant on race performance traits in flat gallop-racing. Results A gene expression analysis confirmed a significant decrease (p  C missense variant was associated with selected racing performance traits, which is important information during the evaluation of horses’ exercise predisposition. The association results and frequencies of the CT and TT genotypes suggest the possibility of using SH3RF2 variant in selection to improve the racing performance of Arabian horses
Wpływ różnych czynników na poziom alfa1-antytrypsyny u żrebiąt pełnej krwi angielskiej
Acute phase proteins (APP) are an integral part of the acute phase response. Alpha 1 antitrypsin is considered to be one of the most important acute-phase protein activated by trauma, stress, or inflammatory processes. The objective of the present study was to estimate the impact of various factors (sex, month of life and sire effect) on concentration of alpha 1 antitrypsin in serum of Thoroughbred foals. A total of 624 samples, collected from 39 foals were obtained in monthly intervals from first to 16 month of life and measured by STIC method (specific trypsin inhibitory captivity). The obtained results indicated the significant impact of analyzed age periods on the AAT level. Furthermore, the variation in AAT level in analyzed periods corresponded to significant changes in foals diet and maintaining. Alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration was also affected by sire effects and sex of foals. In the most investigated age periods, the impact of sire on alpha 1 antitrypsin content in serum of his progeny has been shown. The obtained results might be useful in explanation of differences in serum AAT concentration in foals during early ontogenesis which probably is a critical period that has an influence on racing performance of young horses.Wpływ różnych czynników na poziom alfa-1-antytrypsyny u źrebiąt pełnej krwi angielskiej. Białka ostrej fazy (APP) są integralną częścią tzw.: odpowiedzi ostrej fazy na stan zapalny. Alfa-1-antytrypsyna (ATT) jest uważana za jedno najważniejszych białek ostrej fazy aktywowane przez uraz, stres lub procesy zapalne. W związku z tym celem niniejszego badania była ocena wpływu różnych czynników (płeć, miesiąc życia i ojciec) na stężenia ATT w surowicy krwi źrebiąt pełnej krwi angielskiej. Materiał do badań stanowiło 624 próbek kri, zebranych od 39 źrebiąt będących potomstwem czterech ogierów, uzyskanych w odstępach miesięcznych od pierwszego do 16 miesiąca życia. Stężenie ATT oznaczono metodą STIC. Uzyskane wyniki wskazały na znaczący wpływ wieku źrebiąt na poziom AAT. Co więcej, różnice w poziomie AAT w analizowanych okresach przypadały w okresach znaczących zmian u źrebiąt. Ponadto w większości badanych okresów, wykazano wpływ ojca na stężenie ATT u potomstwa. Uzyskane wyniki mogą być przydatne w celu wyjaśnienia różnic w koncentracji AAT w surowicy krwi u źrebiąt w okresie wczesnej ontogenezy która jest krytycznym okresem, mającym wpływ na wyniki użytkowe młodych koni
Transcriptome analysis of equine sarcoids
Equine sarcoids are the most commonly detected skin tumours in Equidae. In the present research, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed which aimed at looking inside a tumour biology and identification of the expression profile as a potential source of cancer specific genes useful as biomarkers. We have used Horse Gene Expression Microarray data from matched equine sarcoids and tumour-distant skin samples. In total, 901 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lesional and healthy skin samples have been identified (fold change ≥ 2; P < 0.05). The large subset of DEGs, with decreased expression, was associated with a suppression of malignant transformation, whereas several overexpressed genes were involved in the processes associated with growth and progression of a tumour or immune system activity. Our results, as a first to date, showed comprehensive transcriptome analysis of skin tumour in horses and pinpointed significant pathways and genes related with oncogenesis processes