399 research outputs found
Decoherence of flux qubits due to 1/f flux noise
We have investigated decoherence in Josephson-junction flux qubits. Based on
the measurements of decoherence at various bias conditions, we discriminate
contributions of different noise sources. In particular, we present a Gaussian
decay function of the echo signal as evidence of dephasing due to flux
noise whose spectral density is evaluated to be about /Hz
at 1 Hz. We also demonstrate that at an optimal bias condition where the noise
sources are well decoupled the coherence observed in the echo measurement is
mainly limited by energy relaxation of the qubit.Comment: 4 pages, error in Fig.4 corrected, to appear in PR
Porous structure of thick fiber webs
The bulk properties and stochastic pore geometry of finite-thickness fiber webs are studied using a realistic model for the sedimentation of flexible fibers [K. J. Niskanen and M. J. Alava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3475 (1994)]. The resulting web structure is controlled by a dimensionless number F=Tfwf/tf, where Tf is fiber flexibility, wf fiber width, and tf fiber thickness. The fiber length (≫wf,tf) is irrelevant. With increasing coverage c̄, a crossover occurs at c̄=c0≈1+2F from a vacancy-controlled two-dimensional (2D) structure to a pore-controlled 3D structure. The 3D structures are isomorphic in that the pore dimensions are exponentially distributed, with the decay rate dependent only on F.Peer reviewe
Two-body Pion Absorption on at Threshold
It is shown that a satisfactory explanation of the ratio of the rates of the
reactions and for stopped pions is obtained
once the effect of the short range two-nucleon components of the axial charge
operator for the nuclear system is taken into account. By employing realistic
models for the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the construction of these
components of the axial charge operator, the predicted ratios agree with the
empirical value to within 10-20\%.Comment: 19, UHPHYDOR-94-
Realization of Arbitrary Gates in Holonomic Quantum Computation
Among the many proposals for the realization of a quantum computer, holonomic
quantum computation (HQC) is distinguished from the rest in that it is
geometrical in nature and thus expected to be robust against decoherence. Here
we analyze the realization of various quantum gates by solving the inverse
problem: Given a unitary matrix, we develop a formalism by which we find loops
in the parameter space generating this matrix as a holonomy. We demonstrate for
the first time that such a one-qubit gate as the Hadamard gate and such
two-qubit gates as the CNOT gate, the SWAP gate and the discrete Fourier
transformation can be obtained with a single loop.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
A novel genomic region on chromosome 11 associated with fearfulness in dogs
The complex phenotypic and genetic nature of anxieties hampers progress in unravelling their molecular etiologies. Dogs present extensive natural variation in fear and anxiety behaviour and could advance the understanding of the molecular background of behaviour due to their unique breeding history and genetic architecture. As dogs live as part of human families under constant care and monitoring, information from their behaviour and experiences are easily available. Here we have studied the genetic background of fearfulness in the Great Dane breed. Dogs were scored and categorised into cases and controls based on the results of the validated owner-completed behavioural survey. A genome-wide association study in a cohort of 124 dogs with and without socialisation as a covariate revealed a genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 11. Whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing revealed extensive regions of opposite homozygosity in the same locus on chromosome 11 between the cases and controls with interesting neuronal candidate genes such as MAPK9/JNK2, a known hippocampal regulator of anxiety. Further characterisation of the identified locus will pave the way for molecular understanding of fear in dogs and may provide a natural animal model for human anxieties.Peer reviewe
Interqubit coupling mediated by a high-excitation-energy quantum object
We consider a system composed of two qubits and a high-excitation-energy
quantum object used to mediate coupling between the qubits. We treat the entire
system quantum mechanically and analyze the properties of the eigenvalues and
eigenstates of the total Hamiltonian. After reproducing well-known results
concerning the leading term in the mediated coupling, we obtain an expression
for the residual coupling between the qubits in the off state. We also analyze
the entanglement between the three objects, i.e. the two qubits and the
coupler, in the eigenstates of the total Hamiltonian. Although we focus on the
application of our results to the recently realized parametric-coupling scheme
with two qubits, we also discuss extensions of our results to
harmonic-oscillator couplers, couplers that are near resonance with the qubits
and multi-qubit systems. In particular, we find that certain errors that are
absent for a two-qubit system arise when dealing with multi-qubit systems.Comment: 15 pages (two-column
Failure of planar fiber networks
We study the failure of planar random fiber networks with computer simulations. The networks are grown by adding flexible fibers one by one on a growing deposit [K. J. Niskanen and M. J. Alava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3475 (1994)], a process yielding realistic three dimensional network structures. The network thus obtained is mapped to an electrical analogue of the elastic problem, namely to a random fuse network with separate bond elements for the fiber-to-fiber contacts. The conductivity of the contacts (corresponding to the efficiency of stress transfer between fibers) is adjustable. We construct a simple effective medium theory for the current distribution and conductivity of the networks as a function of intra-fiber current transfer efficiency. This analysis compares favorably with the computed conductivity and with the fracture properties of fiber networks with varying fiber flexibility and network thickness. The failure characteristics are shown to obey scaling behavior, as expected of a disordered brittlematerial, which is explained by the high current end of the current distribution saturating in thick enough networks. For bond breaking, fracture load and strain can be estimated with the effective medium theory. For fiber breaking, we find the counter-intuitive result that failure is more likely to nucleate far from surfaces, as the stress is transmitted more effectively to the fibers in the interior.Peer reviewe
Survey of charge symmetry breaking operators for dd -> alpha pi0
The charge-symmetry-breaking amplitudes for the recently observed d d ->
alpha pi0 reaction are investigated. Chiral perturbation theory is used to
classify and identify the leading-order terms. Specific forms of the related
one- and two-body tree level diagrams are derived. As a first step toward a
full calculation, a few tree-level two-body diagrams are evaluated at each
considered order, using a simplified set of d and alpha wave functions and a
plane-wave approximation for the initial dd state. The leading-order
pion-exchange term is shown to be suppressed in this model because of poor
overlap of the initial and final states. The higher-order one-body and
short-range (heavy-meson-exchange) amplitudes provide better matching between
the initial and final states and therefore contribute significantly and
coherently to the cross section. The consequences this might have for a full
calculation, with realistic wave functions and a more complete set of
amplitudes, are discussed.Comment: REVTeX 4, 35 pages, 8 eps figures, submitted to PR
Chiral Perturbation Approach to the pp -> pp pi0 Reaction Near Threshold
The usual theoretical treatments of the near-threshold reaction are based on various phenomenological Lagrangians. In this
work we examine the relationship between these approaches and a systematic
chiral perturbation method. Our chiral perturbation calculation indicates that
the pion rescattering term should be significantly enhanced as compared with
the traditional phenomenological treatment, and that this term should have
substantial energy and momentum dependence. An important consequence of this
energy-momentum dependence is that, for a representative threshold kinematics
and within the framework of our semiquantitative calculation, the rescattering
term interferes destructively with the Born-term in sharp contrast to the
constructive interference obtained in the conventional treatment. This
destructive interference makes theoretical cross sections for much smaller than the experimental values, a feature that suggests the
importance of the heavy-meson exchange contributions to explain the
experimental data.Comment: 35 pages (REVTeX), 5 figures as 1 PostScript file acknowledgement
changed, reference added, Phys.Rev.C (in print
Virtual-pion and two-photon production in pp scattering
Two-photon production in pp scattering is proposed as a means of studying
virtual-pion emission. Such a process is complementary to real-pion emission in
pp scattering. The virtual-pion signal is embedded in a background of
double-photon bremsstrahlung. We have developed a model to describe this
background process and show that in certain parts of phase space the
virtual-pion signal gives significant contribution. In addition, through
interference with the two-photon bremsstrahlung background, one can determine
the relative phase of the virtual-pion process
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