Study on banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) movement in the Hormozgan waters in the northern Persian Gulf

This research was carried out in Strait of Hormuz in 2020. The present study aimed to investigate the migration and growth pattern of tagged shrimps in the study area. Bloodstock shrimps were reared in June (2010). About 50000 juvenile shrimps were tagged by red color florescent elastomeric tag and released in the estuaries of Tiab, Kolahi and Koolgan at night in July 2010. Local people were informed through posters describing the tagging program, as well as articles published in a local magazine. A tagging program film was broadcasted on local television three times prior to the shrimp fishing season and during shrimp catch period. In the catch season, September and November months, 11 tagged prawns (0.022%) were recaptured. Movement direction of tagged prawns was northwesterly of deeper waters of releasing areas. Speed was recorded at 0.33-0.33 km/day and tagged prawns were recaptured 46 km from the released locations. The mean (±SD) weight of released banana prawns and the average weight of the recaptured prawns were1.2±0.2 g and 22.06±4.9 g, respectively. The growth rate of recaptured prawns was 16-26 g and growth speed was 0.88-1.41 g per week. In the study area, the major sea current was from the Oman Sea to the Persian Gulf through Strait of Hormuz probably influencing the pattern of banana prawn movement in Hormozgan area

Monitoring of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms as a harmful phenomenon in the Persian Gulf (2010-2011)

The monitoring of the harmful bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the northern Persian Gulf was studied during 2010 to 2011. The results revealed that in the waters of Hormozgan Province, the Diatoms and Dinoflgellates had the highest frequency. No significant difference was found for amount of nutrients in three sub- regions. The bloom of C. polykrikoides was higher in central sub-region in spring and was occurred in the eastern sub-region in summer, but no mortality of fishes was recorded. In Bushehr Province, four classes of Bacillaryophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dynophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae were determined. Furthermore significant different values of nutrients were recorded. In waters of Khuzestan Province, different values of NH4 were measured for different months. In total, the measured ratio of N: P in all months was lower than Redfield Ratio (16:1) in which subsequently the environmental condition was not suitable for bloom of C. polykrikoides

Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. bacteria on the survival and growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in 30 and 40 g/lit salinities

The probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. bacteria on the growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in 30 and 40 g, salinities was investigated. We conducted the experiment in Bandargah Research Station, Bushehr province during 45 days. Four treatments with three replicates, and two controls were used and probiotic powder, dissolved in water along with the growth stage pellet was applied in 3O ppt and 4O ppt salinities. The control treatments were only fed by the growth stage pellet in 3O ppt and 4O ppt salinities. The results revealed that growth and survival rate of treatment groups in 3O ppt salinity exposed to the probiotic powder were higher than those of the controls without increasing probiotic powder (P0.05). Survival rate of the treatment groups in 4O ppt salinity was significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05). Also, the results indicated that growth and survival factors of the treatment groups in 3O ppt salinity in comparison with those of the control in 4O ppt salinity were significantly higher. We conclude that addition of Bacillus spp. bacteria to 3O ppt salinity together with application of growth stage pellets to white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannaiiiei, could be very useful in comparison with 4O ppt salinity. The results of this study were obtained through ANOVA and LSD tests

Determination of biotechniqe and bionormative of breeding and culturing of Penaeus merguiensis de Man in Bushehr Area

To introduce the native commercial shrimp species to aquaculture industry, the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization conducted a project to investigate the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of the banana shrimp (Penaeus merguensis). The present work has been carried out from 21st March 2001 in two phase, reproduction and cultivation, in Iran Shrimp Research Center. The main objectives of this study was to find the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of banana shrimp with emphasis on its cost and benefit and to find if this species could be introduced to aquaculture industry in Iran. In this work, 42 brood stocks of banana shrimp caught in Jask waters and were transported to Bushehr. The shrimps were reproduced in aquaculture research station, and then cultivated in 0.4 ha ponds in Heleh region. Most of the broodstocks perished, due to long distance of Jask from Bushehr province, or had problem in hatching. Finally 8 of broodstock shrimps spawned. In 3 cases, the reared naplii larva suffered high mortality, but the other 5 spawner’s bread successfully. The post larvae were introduced to the shrimp ponds. The primary stocking was 360,000 larvae, introduced to each of two 4 m 3 tanks. The survival in both tanks for mysis stage was 83% but for PL stages, the survival was 5% for Tank 1 due to disease outbreak (until PL 24), and 62% for Tank 2. On 10 th June 2001 the PL 24 were stocked into the ponds but unfortunately due to adaptation problem, all of the shrimps perished. It seems that banana shrimp couldn’t to be adapted to the pond condition in Heleh region. On the basis of the results, the reproduction of the banana shrimps is achievable, but broodstocks needs to be transferred to reproduction areas as soon as possible to reduce stress on the shrimps. Our finding shows that the optimum conditions of salinity and temperature for growth of the reared banana shrimp in Heleh region is 33ppt and 30 °C, respectively

Nutritional requirements to increase the survival rate of black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera from D-shape to spate stage

Black lip pearl oyster (pinctada magaritifera) is one of the most important species of Pearl maker in the world. Its reserves in the Persian Gulf waters is facing to a variety of causes, especially oil pollution from Persian Gulf war that cause genetic changes in pearl oyster. 65 broodstocks black lip pearl oyster mature with average length of the dorsal ventral (15 ± 2cm DVM) were collected from its typical natural Lavan Island in the months of June and July 2007 and were transferred to the research station and then were washed in cold rooms (20 ° C). The gonad indices were determined by microscope based on the gametogenez steps. After 2 days from collection time, the broodstocks were exposed to thermal shock in order of spawning stimulation. For the analysis of biochemical compounds, microalgae were sampled at logarithmic phase stage with three replications. Firstly, the samples were concentrated by centrifuges (3500g, 20 min). After washing with ammonium formate solution 0.5 molar, the samples were again centrifuged at 3500 g for 15 min. After spawning, D shape larvae form and then the larva ambo feeded from different micro-algae and lipid and the amount of growth and survival rates were studied. D shape larvae with 3 larvae per ml density and dorsal- abdominal length of 78.9 ± 0.7 μm were cultured in 5 liter Erlenmeyer flask containing 2 liters water. Whereas, samples at umbo stage with average dorsal-ventral length of 133 ± 3.1 μm were cultured in 15 liters plastic containers at 27- 29 ° C and salinity of 34 to 35 parts per thousand. The studied microalgae were Isochrysis aff galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans and c.muelleri. The results of biochemical compounds showed that protein is the most component of all species with a maximum amount of 527.5 ± 2.1 mg g^-1 in T. Iso microalgae. Also, T. Iso has a maximum amount of lipids, following by seek c. muelleri and c. calcitrans, respectively. Test results showed that feeding of larvae black lip pearl oyster in stage D shape with microalgae T. Iso alone has more growth rate than double or triple mixtures. However, diatoms have a high nutritional value for larval mussels in umbo state, and they are accounted as important components in a double and triple mixture of microalgae diet. The size of the larval D shape after 10 days showed a difference among treatments. The cultured larves that feeded from T Iso reached to maximum length of 111.4 ± 10 μm and the maximum survival rate of 57.7% was related to larves that feeded by fresh microalgae T. Iso. D.V.M for microalgae with microalgae or lipid nutrition showed no significant difference

Impact assessment of master plan of "attain to technical knowledge of specific pathogen free shrimp production and cut off to dependence on foreign products" on Bushehr city environment: A case study, Shoghab research station

This study is a part of the national and technology master plan entitled "Attain to technical knowledge of specific pathogen free shrimp production and cut off to dependence on foreign products". The goals of this work were to assess the environmental effects of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp production complex on surrounded region in Persian Gulf (Shoghab) research station in Bushehr city. The environmental impacts were assessed in Persian Gulf (Shoghab) research station in Bushehr city by usage of simple checklist for impacts prediction, and scaling check list for assessment during Feb 2012 till Sep 2014. Flushing the effluents to the sea is the biggest concern of this project that can resulted in health impacts on aquatic and human communities that can be avoided by treatment. Low diversity in activities beside lack of environmental sensitive elements in the region leads us to use of scaling check list for impact assessment. Environmental grade of each activity can be achieved by stratification of them according to their intensity, significance and scale. We reached +320 and -198 for positive and negative points respectively that sounds a clear yes for execution choice

Investigation on the possibility of artificial propagation, cultivation and brood stock management of Vannamei shrimp

Project was carried out at the Gomishan Centre for training and education which is located 15 km far from Gomishan City in the Golestan Province. Prebroodstocks were chosen from ponds (stocking density: 3/m^2). 860 male and 890 female broodstocks were separated and transferred into greenhouse (400 m^2). The average growth rate per day was 0.3 g and survival rate was 90%. After reaching 42 g in males and 52 g in females they were ready for Eyes stalk Brood stocks were transferred into propagation hall in June and after a week females gone under Eyes stalk. 10,890,000 eggs were yielded from 50 females and consequently 7, 187, 0.50 nauplius were produced. Each broodstock spawned 1.34 Times. The maximum hatching was 75% that in was average 64.2%. Mass of Cetocerous Algae was mass produced to be fed for post larvae. Finally 35,000 PL15 were yielded. PL15 were transferred into two half hectare and one 1 ha ponds in July. The stocking density was 18 PL/m^2. Biometric parameters together with air and water temperatures, and pH were recorded daily. Results indicate that the maximum survival rate was 58% (pond No. 5) and minimum was 52% (pond No. 17). The average weight after 101 days cultivating was 23 g which is appropriate. Also the average daily growth rate was 0.2g and the FCR was 1

Energetic bombardment and defect generation during magnetron-sputter-deposition of metal layers on graphene

In the present work, we elucidate the interplay among energetic bombardment effects in magnetron sputtering and defect generation in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Using deposition of gold (Au) layers on single-layer graphene (SLG) as a model system, we study the effect of pressure-distance (pd) product during magnetron sputtering on the pristine SLG properties. Raman spectroscopy, complemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, shows that for pd = 8.2 Pa center dot cm, Au layer deposition causes defects in the SLG layer, which gradually diminish and eventually disappear with increasing pd to 82.5 Pa center dot cm. Stochastic and deterministic simulations of the sputtering process, the gas-phase transport, and the interaction of sputtered and plasma species with the substrate surface suggest that defects in SLG primarily emanate from ballistic damage caused by backscattered Ar atoms with energies above 100 eV. With increasing pd, and thereby gas-phase scattering, such high energy Ar species become thermalized and hence incapable of causing atomic displacements in the SLG layer. The overall results of our study suggest that control of backscattered Ar energy is a potential path toward enabling magnetron sputtering for fabrication of multifunctional metal contacts in devices founded upon 2D materials.Peer reviewe