EVALUATION OF ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF SIDDHA ANTI-PSORIATIC FORMULATION PANCHAMUGA CHENDHURAM USING CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTE CELL LINES

Objectives: This study was aimed at scientifically evaluating the in vitro antipsoriatic activity of Siddha drug Panchamuga Chendhuram (PMC) in human keratinocyte (HacaT) cell lines. Methods: The Siddha drug PMC tested for antipsoriatic activity on HacaT cell lines was morphologically examined by phase contrast microscopy, and the cell viability was determined by 3- (4, 5 dimethyl thiazole-2 yl) -2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. About 100 μl of different concentrations (2, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 μg/ml) of the test samples were prepared in the cell culture medium and incubated for 24 h and 48 h to determine the viable cells. Results: The results revealed that Siddha drug PMC showed hopeful antiproliferative activity. In vitro studies showed that after 24 h and 48 h incubation, the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of PMC (IC50 20 μg/ml) were 72.08±27.56 μg/ml and 43.91±17.71 μg/ml, respectively, as compared with Asiaticoside as a positive control with an IC50 value of 20.13 μg/ml. Conclusion: Thus, this study provides scientific evidence about the efficacy of the Siddha drug PMC against the HacaT cell lines confirming its traditional use in psoriasis treatment and also emphasizes the need for antipsoriatic evaluation in animal models

A REVIEW ON SCOPES, METHODS AND RATIONALE OF INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN SIDDHA MEDICINE WITH BIOMEDICINE

In India, according to WHO 2018 statistics, there were 63% of death occurred due to Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in which Cardiovascular diseases were leading cause of death 27%, followed by Cancer 9%, Chronic respiratory disease 11%, Diabetes 3% and other NCDs 13%. This indicates that NCDs needs to become a priority in controlling and preventing. Therefore, the only effective intervention may be at controlling and preventing NCDs disease is Integrative Medicine. Integrative Medicine is a medical practice synthesizing Traditional medicine and Biomedicine preventive measures and treatment interventions. Autonomy of patients may end in no benefit out of their ignorance to select between the treatment options available in a country like India where Seven Recognized medical systems are available as a platter. Siddha system of medicine is one of the traditional medicines of India, practiced in the southern part of the country. This study aims at providing Health care system under one roof, in order to save public money, time and health as an existing model as co-location in Tamil Nadu. This can be achieved through assessing feasible areas of integration in the Siddha system of medicine with biomedicine. So the study deals with the utilization of Siddha system of medicine, scientific validation of Siddha medicines, Siddha medicine research undertaken by biomedical practitioners and some government policies supporting mainstreaming of Siddha

A Study on Ukkara Soolai

The aim of the study is to reduce the symptoms of Ukkara soolai patients. The trial medicine Velvanga parpam was prepared as per literature. The duration of the trial period is 30 days. The trial dose is Velvanga parpam 65 mg twice daily with butter. I had selected 20 patients for the trial based on Inclusion and Exclusion criteria. Before treatment routine blood, urine, PSA and USG-Pelvis taken in all 20 patients. Siddha parameters like udal thathukkal, Envagai thervu, Neerkuri and Neikuri were noted in case sheet proforma. Patients were instructed to come for next review once in 7 days. Patients were come with clinical symptoms like Incomplete emptying, Frequency of urine, Intermittency of urine, Urgency, Weak stream, Straining, Nocturia. The entire details of the patients were noted in the case sheet proforma. Age : Most of the patients were in the age group between 61-70 years. Thinai : Most of the patients were from Neithal Thinai 85%. Kalam : Most of the patients were affecting in Karkaalam and pinpanikaalam. Diet & Personal habits: People with habit of taking Vegetarian and Mixed Diet. Mukkutrum: In vali abanan, viyanan, devathathan and koorman, in azhal sathagam and alosagam and in iyyam santhigam were affected in most of the cases. Udal Thathugal: Saaram and oon were affected in all the patients. Envagai Thervu: Naadi and Moothiram were affected most of the patients. Naadi : Vatha pitha naadi was most common naadi felt. Results after treatment: 55% of patients show good improvements, 30% of patients shows moderate improvement and in 15% of patients poor improvement was observed. Pharmacological study reveals that Velvanga parpam contains Anti-tumour activity The antitumor effect of the drug is evident from the reduction in solid tumour volume and also the reversal of altered haematological parameter almost equal to normal. The drug can be used as a novel potential agent in the area of tumour chemotherapy. The toxicity study revealed that there were no toxic effect was observed upto 5mg/kg of Velvanga Parpam on oral route over a period of 28 days. The bio-statistical report of the clinical trial shows significant result. CONCLUSION: Ukkara soolai (Benign prostatic hyperplasia) is primarily due to the derangement of vatham. • The trial medicine velvanga parpam predominating with Kaippu taste respectively Equivalent the vatham. • From the pre clinical pharmacological studies it is evident that the medicines were significant Anti-tumour activity. • The velvanga parpam did not produce any toxicity in lower dose in preclinical study. So it is safe drug for ukkara soolai (benign tumour). • From the preclinical study of Velvanga parpam is reduction in solid tumour volume. • In Bio-chemical analysis the trial medicine contains zinc and chloride. These are very essential for maintaining the prostate health. • No contra indication was reported during the course of the treatment. • The trial medicines gave maximum relief from the symptoms of Ukkara soolai. • Therefore the author concluded that the trial medicine velvanga parpam should be a very positive remedy for Ukkara soolai (BPH)

ANALOGIZING OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE-A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: In worldwide, 20-25% of the population have the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The highest prevalence rate reported in South Asia of MetS in the Punjabi community in India by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major and escalating public-health and clinical challenge worldwide in the wake of rapid urbanization, surplus energy intake, increasing obesity, and sedentary life habits. Nowadays, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasing rapidly due to the inadequate solution for the newly developed health issues. Method: In this study, the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria were used as a standard tool for comparison. A total of 9 sources (4 Siddha classical textbooks, e-data such as pub-med, Google scholar, AYUSH research portal, NAMSTP) were searched to identify the appropriate analog for MetS. Results: 13 Terms related to MetS were identified from the 4 Siddha classical literature, whereas the e-data did not provide any term related to MetS. In those 13 terms, 3 terms which were closely relevant to MetS signs and symptoms were Aiya Migu Kunam, Paci Aiya Noi, and Megam. As a final point, this paper identified the Siddha analog for MetS as Aiyamigukunam. Conclusion: This paper ended up with analog to MetS as Aiyamigukunam and made a comparison with the standard IDF criteria for MetS

Siglec receptors impact mammalian lifespan by modulating oxidative stress.

Aging is a multifactorial process that includes the lifelong accumulation of molecular damage, leading to age-related frailty, disability and disease, and eventually death. In this study, we report evidence of a significant correlation between the number of genes encoding the immunomodulatory CD33-related sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors (CD33rSiglecs) and maximum lifespan in mammals. In keeping with this, we show that mice lacking Siglec-E, the main member of the CD33rSiglec family, exhibit reduced survival. Removal of Siglec-E causes the development of exaggerated signs of aging at the molecular, structural, and cognitive level. We found that accelerated aging was related both to an unbalanced ROS metabolism, and to a secondary impairment in detoxification of reactive molecules, ultimately leading to increased damage to cellular DNA, proteins, and lipids. Taken together, our data suggest that CD33rSiglecs co-evolved in mammals to achieve a better management of oxidative stress during inflammation, which in turn reduces molecular damage and extends lifespan

The strength of the corticospinal tract not the reticulospinal tract determines upper-limb impairment level and capacity for skill-acquisition in the sub-acute post-stroke period

Background. Upper-limb impairment in patients with chronic stroke appears to be partly attributable to an upregulated reticulospinal tract (RST). Here, we assessed whether the impact of corticospinal (CST) and RST connectivity on motor impairment and skill-acquisition differs in sub-acute stroke, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–based proxy measures. Methods. Thirty-eight stroke survivors were randomized to either reach training 3-6 weeks post-stroke (plus usual care) or usual care only. At 3, 6 and 12 weeks post-stroke, we measured ipsilesional and contralesional cortical connectivity (surrogates for CST and RST connectivity, respectively) to weak pre-activated triceps and deltoid muscles with single pulse TMS, accuracy of planar reaching movements, muscle strength (Motricity Index) and synergies (Fugl-Meyer upper-limb score). Results. Strength and presence of synergies were associated with ipsilesional (CST) connectivity to the paretic upper-limb at 3 and 12 weeks. Training led to planar reaching skill beyond that expected from spontaneous recovery and occurred for both weak and strong ipsilesional tract integrity. Reaching ability, presence of synergies, skill-acquisition and strength were not affected by either the presence or absence of contralesional (RST) connectivity. Conclusion. The degree of ipsilesional CST connectivity is the main determinant of proximal dexterity, upper-limb strength and synergy expression in sub-acute stroke. In contrast, there is no evidence for enhanced contralesional RST connectivity contributing to any of these components of impairment. In the sub-acute post-stroke period, the balance of activity between CST and RST may matter more for the paretic phenotype than RST upregulation per se

Antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: a preliminary multicentric italian experience

Post-operatory wound infections are a very uncommon finding after thyroidectomy. For these reasons international guidelines do not routinely recommend systemic antibiotic prophylaxis

Tropheryma whipplei, the Whipple's disease bacillus, induces macrophage apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway

Tropheryma whipplei, the etiological agent of Whipple's disease, is an intracellular bacterium that infects macrophages. We previously showed that infection of macrophages results in M2 polarization associated with induction of apoptosis and interleukin (IL)-16 secretion. In patients with Whipple's disease, circulating levels of apoptotic markers and IL-16 are increased and correlate with the activity of the disease. To gain insight into the understanding of the pathophysiology of this rare disease, we examined the molecular pathways involved in T. whipplei-induced apoptosis of human macrophages. Our data showed that apoptosis induction depended on bacterial viability and inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis reduced the apoptotic program elicited by T. whipplei. Induction of apoptosis was also associated with a massive degradation of both pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators. Caspase-specific inhibition experiments revealed that initiator caspases 8 and 10 were required for apoptosis, in contrast to caspases 2 and 9, in spite of cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. Finally, the effector caspases 3 and 6 were mandatory for apoptosis induction. Collectively, these data suggest that T. whipplei induces apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway and that, beside M2 polarization of macrophages, apoptosis induction contributes to bacterial replication and represents a virulence trait of this intracellular pathogen

A highly efficient green synthesis of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes

SmCl3 (20 mol%) has been used as an efficient catalyst for reaction between aromatic aldehydes and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione at 120°C to give 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives in high yield. The same reaction in water, at room temperature gave only the open chain analogue of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene. Use of eco-friendly green Lewis acid, readily available catalyst and easy isolation of the product makes this a convenient method for the synthesis of either of the products

Breast cancer patients' clinical outcome measures are associated with Src kinase family member expression

<p>BACKGROUND: This study determined mRNA expression levels for Src kinase family (SFK) members in breast tissue specimens and assessed protein expression levels of prominent SFK members in invasive breast cancer to establish associations with clinical outcome. Ki67 was investigated to determine association between SFK members and proliferation.</p> <p>METHODS: The mRNA expression levels were assessed for eight SFK members by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed for c-Src, Lyn, Lck and Ki67.</p> <p>RESULTS: mRNA expression was quantified in all tissue samples. SRC and LYN were the most highly expressed in malignant tissue. LCK was more highly expressed in oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative, compared with ER-positive tumours. High cytoplasmic Src kinase protein expression was significantly associated with decreased disease-specific survival. Lyn was not associated with survival at any cellular location. High membrane Lck expression was significantly associated with improved survival. Ki67 expression correlated with tumour grade and nuclear c-Src, but was not associated with survival.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: All eight SFK members were expressed in different breast tissues. Src kinase was highest expressed in breast cancer and had a negative impact on disease-specific survival. Membrane expression of Lck was associated with improved clinical outcome. High expression of Src kinase correlated with high proliferation.</p&gt