Grossesse intra murale à propos d’un cas

La grossesse intra-murale est la variété la plus rare de grossesse extra-utérine. Il s'agit de la localisation de l'oeuf dans l'épaisseur du myomètre. En cas de retard diagnostic, l'évolution peut être catastrophique avec rupture utérine et hémorragie cataclysmique. L'échographie permet dans certains cas un diagnostic pré opératoire. Les auteurs rapportent un cas survenu chez une patiente aux antécédents de curetage

Phenotypic cha- racterization of pig genetic resources in the departments of Oueme and Plateau in Benin

L’élevage porcin est très pratiqué au Sud-Bénin et implique une diversité de races ou de populations. L’objectif de l’étude était de caractériser les différents porcs sur le plan morphométrique et phénotypique. Ainsi, les données phéno- typiques ont été collectées sur 149 porcs, dont 14 améliorés, 91 croisés et 44 locaux. Les porcs de type génétique local ont présenté des mesures morpho- logiques significativement inférieures (p < 0,05) à celles des porcs améliorés et des animaux issus des croisements entre les porcs améliorés et les porcs locaux. Les poils des porcs locaux étaient significativement plus courts (p < 0,05) que ceux des porcs améliorés et des croisés. La couleur de la robe a varié d’un type génétique à l’autre. La couleur la plus rencontrée a été le blanc uniforme, suivi du noir uniforme chez tous les types génétiques. Le profil de la tête était plus rectiligne chez les porcs locaux, et plus concave chez les porcs améliorés et chez les croisés. Les oreilles dressées étaient moins observées chez les croisés. Elles étaient orientées vers l’avant chez les porcs améliorés et chez les croisés alors qu’elles étaient dressées et orientées vers l’arrière chez les porcs locaux. La queue en tire-bouchon a été significativement (p < 0,05) plus présente chez les porcs améliorés que chez les porcs croisés, et elle a été plus présente chez ces derniers que chez les porcs locaux. La ligne dorsale droite a été davantage observée chez les porcs locaux et chez les croisés que chez les porcs amélio- rés chez lesquels la ligne était plus creuse. Les porcs croisés ont présenté une grande similarité avec les porcs améliorés

The histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A links ribosomal RNA transcription to nutrients and growth factors availability

The interplay between methylation and demethylation of histone lysine residues is an essential component of gene expression regulation and there is considerable interest in elucidating the roles of proteins involved. Here we report that histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and is overexpressed in some cancers, interacts with RNA Polymerase I, associates with active ribosomal RNA genes and is required for serum-induced activation of rDNA transcription. We propose that KDM4A controls the initial stages of transition from 'poised', non-transcribed rDNA chromatin into its active form. We show that PI3K, a major signalling transducer central for cell proliferation and survival, controls cellular localization of KDM4A and consequently its association with ribosomal DNA through the SGK1 downstream kinase. We propose that the interplay between PI3K/SGK1 signalling cascade and KDM4A constitutes a mechanism by which cells adapt ribosome biogenesis level to the availability of growth factors and nutrients

Screening of cowpea germplasm for resistance to Striga gesnerioides in Niger

The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, is a major constraint to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. It causes significant yield reductions of cowpea, especially in dry areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of 80 genotypes to Striga gesnerioides under natural infestation. The results showed significant variations in the resistance of cowpea lines to Striga; lines IT93K-693-2, IT99K-573-1-1 and IT98K-205-8 being free from Striga infestation; while lines 2491-171, 2472-154 and Suvita-2 supported few Striga shoots. The other lines supported more and varied numbers of emerged Striga shoots. The reduction of yield due to Striga infestation was more pronounced for the susceptible genotypes as compared to the resistant and tolerant lines. The high level of resistance observed in some breeding lines can be exploited in breeding cowpea for resistance to Striga. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and clustering grouped the genotypes in three main clusters as follow: (i) high yielding and tolerant to Striga (ii) moderate yielding and resistant (iii) low-yielding and susceptible.L\u2019herbe parasitaire, Striga gesnerioides est une contrainte majeure de la production du ni\ue9b\ue9 en Afrique subsaharienne. Elle cause des r\ue9ductions de rendement du ni\ue9b\ue9 tr\ue8s importantes dans les zones arides. Un criblage en vue d\u2019\ue9valuer la r\ue9action de 80 g\ue9notypes sous infestation naturelle du Striga a \ue9t\ue9 conduit au champ. Les r\ue9sultats ont montr\ue9 qu\u2019il y a des diff\ue9rences significatives dans la r\ue9sistance des lign\ue9es du ni\ue9b\ue9 au Striga. Les lign\ue9es du ni\ue9b\ue9 IT93K-693-2, IT99K-573-1-1 et IT98K-205-8 \ue9taient indemnes de pousses \ue9merg\ue9es du Striga tandis que les lign\ue9es 2491-171, 2472-154 et Suvita-2 ont support\ue9 peu de pousses \ue9merg\ue9es du Striga. Les autres lign\ue9es ont support\ue9 des nombres vari\ue9s de pousses \ue9merg\ue9es du Striga. L\u2019effet de l\u2019infestation du Striga a entrain\ue9 une r\ue9duction du rendement des g\ue9notypes sensibles compar\ue9s aux r\ue9sistants et aux tol\ue9rants. Le niveau \ue9lev\ue9 de r\ue9sistance observ\ue9 chez certaines lign\ue9es peut \ueatre exploit\ue9e dans l\u2019am\ue9lioration de la r\ue9sistance du ni\ue9b\ue9 au Striga. L\u2019analyse du composant principal et la hi\ue9rarchisation ont permis de grouper les g\ue9notypes en 3 principales grappes\ua0comme suit\ua0: (i) hautement productriceset tol\ue9rantes au Striga (ii) moyennement productrices et r\ue9sistantes (iii) faiblement productrices et sensibles

Exploitation of Hybrid Vigor for Identification of Promising Sorghum F1 Hybrid for High Grain Yield and Resistance to Sorghum Midge

Sorghum is the second most grown cereal crop in Niger. However, sorghum production in the country is dominated by indigenous cultivars with low productivity. Productivity in grain sorghum has been achieved in developing countries around the world using hybrids. (is study was conducted to evaluate heterosis in F1 sorghum hybrids for grain yield and resistance to midge. Fifty F1 sorghum hybrids were evaluated for grain yield and resistance to midge. Variation for grain yield, midge resistance, and flowering time was observed. (e magnitude of better parent heterosis for grain yield and resistance to midge varied significantly among hybrids. Four hybrids combined high better parent heterosis for both grain yield and resistance to midge while eight hybrids were better than their better parent for resistance to midge. (ese hybrids performed well for grain yield and/or resistance to midge. (erefore, the parental lines involved in these hybrids can be advanced for commercial hybrids production or used in sorghum improvement programs

Salbutamol Versus Nifedipine Dans Le Traitement De La Menace D’accouchement Premature A La Maternite Du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Et Departemental Du Borgou

Introduction: The threat of the premature birth (TPB) raises a problem of public health in Benin in general and in Parakou in particular. Objective: The aim of this research paper is to compare the efficiency of salbutamol and nifedipine in the treatment of the threat of premature birth at the maternity hospital of CHUD-Borgou. Framework and methodological approach: It is about a comparative prospective study with analytical view, within a period of six (06) months, going from 1, March 2016 to 1, September 2016. The target population is composed of all the pregnant women admitted to the maternity hospital of CHUD-B during the period of the study. Results: The 60 pregnant women have been divided into two groups of 30 pregnant women. The average age of the pregnant women is 26.50 years with the extremes of 16 years and 38 years. The women who have between two and three pregnancies are the most represented with 56.67% of the cases; just as much as the women who have between two and three deliveries with 36.67%. From the total number, 21. 67% had antecedents of spontaneous miscarriages and 6, 67% antecedents of premature birth delivery. With 90% of the cases, the gestational age is between 28 weeks of amenorrhoea and 33weeks of amenorrhoea plus six (06) days. The pregnancy is twin in 16.67% of the cases. At the admission, 90% of the cases after assessment of the Coefficient of Risk of Premature birth Delivery. (CRPD), had a potential risk of prematurity and 85% had a score of Baumgarten between 3 and 6. The most discovered aetiology is malaria with 46.67% of the pregnant women. The side effect of usage of nifedipine, in order to relieve the uterus, has been noticed with 16.67% pregnant women who have received nifedipine treatment against 30% pregnant women who have received the treatment of Salbutamol. There is no difference statistically significant. For the nifedipine, there is 90% of success against 10% of failure. For salbutamol, there is respectively 56.67% and 43.33%. We have no case of intolerance. Conclusion: The study shows neat efficiency of nifedipine in relation to salbutamol during the treatment of the threats of premature birth delivery

Frequence Et Facteurs Associes Aux Accouchements Prematures Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Et Departemental Du Borgou Alibori Au Benin

Introduction: The premature birth constitutes a major cause of the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity and it occurs between 28 weeks of amenorrhoea and 36 weeks plus six days. Objectives: It is to determine the frequency and the factors associated to the premature at the maternity at the Departmental and Teaching Hospital of Borgou. Tool and methodological approaches: It is about an analytical and descriptive retrospective study carried out at the Hospital Teaching Centre of Borgou. The study has been conducted from the 1st January to 30th June 2016. Results: From the 665 retained deliveries, 119 were premature births, be a frequency of 17.89%. The bracket age of 20-34 years was the most represented with 69, 75%. The pauci gests and the primipara were respectively in 36.13% and 40.34% of the cases. The factors of risk such as premature rupture of membranes (PRM; p=0.00001), the haemorrhagic prævia placenta (p=0.0001), the multiple pregnancies (p=0.000003) were associated with prematurity. Conclusion: The prematurity constitutes a problem of public health in parakou and is responsible for the heavy consequences on the still-born. Hence, the interest of a better agreement to pay the medical expenses of the factors of risk permitting the reduction of its repercussion

Therapeutic efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy in Burkina Faso

BACKGROUND: A reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has recently been observed in Burkina Faso. As these two drugs are used in pregnancy, their efficacy in pregnant women was studied to directly assess the level of drug resistance in this specific population, rather than to extrapolate results of studies conducted in children < 5 years of age. METHODS: During the malaria transmission season of 2003 in Ouagadougou, the clinical efficacy of SP and CQ, using the WHO 28-day protocol, was assessed in primigravidae and secundigravidae presenting with uncomplicated malaria. RESULTS: PCR-corrected results by day 28 showed that among 62 women treated with SP, eight (12.9%) experienced late parasitological failure, but no clinical failures. Among 60 women treated with CQ, the overall failure rate was 46.7% including 1.7% early treatment failures, 5% late clinical failures and 40% late parasitological failures. SP induced a haemoglobin gain of 0.3 g/dL by day 14 and 0.9 g/dL by day 28. Treatment responses were independent of gravidity, gestational age and prior antenatal care visits. CONCLUSION: While CQ should no longer be used, the efficacy of SP is still compatible with use for intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in pregnancy. However, given the possible spread of resistance, the drug should be restricted in its use

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century