¿Es capaz el mindfulness de reducir la intensidad de juicio y el efecto de falso consenso?

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017El mindfulness es, por definición, la acción de prestar atención completa a la experiencia presente de una forma particular, con un propósito y sin hacer juicios o evaluaciones de los eventos privados experimentados y de los estímulos externos relacionados con estos eventos privados. Este ejercicio es una técnica de relajación que, en numerosos estudios, ha demostrado ser capaz de producir efectos positivos en el ámbito laboral, educativo y sanitario. Sin embargo, es escasa la literatura que explica los mecanismos cognitivos a los que afecta esta técnica y que explicarían estos efectos. Algunos de los estudios que pretenden dar una explicación a tales efectos han demostrado que el mindfulness es capaz de mejorar las capacidades cognitivas y los procesos atencionales. En lo referido a procesos atributivos, se ha demostrado que algunos de los sesgos atributivos elementales, como el sesgo de correspondencia, se reducen de forma significativa con la práctica de esta técnica dada la capacidad para otorgar a sus practicantes la habilidad de realizar observaciones centradas en el momento presente e impedir en gran medida la actuación de mecanismos automáticos de prejuicio y estereotipación. El presente estudio pretende conocer en qué medida es capaz el mindfulness de modificar la intensidad con la que las personas emiten juicios morales, así como a cometer errores atributivos, en concreto el efecto de falso consenso. Para este cometido se ha contado con una muestra de 440 participantes y se han utilizado herramientas como el cuestionario MINDSENS, la Escala de Necesidad de Cognición y cuestionarios de elaboración propia donde los participantes debían emitir juicios, considerar el consenso social existente y situar estas respuestas en una dimensión de intensidad. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una reducción significativa del efecto de falso consenso en los participantes meditadores. Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias en la intensidad de los juicios emitidos entre meditadores y no meditadores.Mindfulness is, by definition, the action of paying attention to the actual experience in a particular way, with a purpose and without making judgments or evaluations of the experienced private events and the external stimuli related to these private events. This exercise is a relaxation technique that, in many studies, has shown to be able to produce positive effects in the labor, educational and health field. However, there are not many literature explaining the cognitive mechanisms that affect this technique and explain these effects. Some of the studies that attempt to explain the stories have shown that mindfulness is capable of improving cognitive abilities and attentional processes. With regard to attributive processes, it has been shown that some of the biases of elemental attributions, such as correspondence bias, are significantly reduced with the practice of this technique given the ability to give its practitioners the ability to perform observations centered on the present moment and greatly impede the performance of automatic mechanisms of prejudice and stereotyping. The present study intends to know to what extent the mindfulness is able to modify the intensity with which people emit moral judgments, as well as to commit attributive errors, in particular the effect of false consensus. For this purpose, a sample of 440 participants has used tools such as the MINDSENS questionnaire, the Cognition Need Scale and the self-elaboration questionnaires where participants should make judgments, consider the existing social consensus and find these answers in An intensity dimension The results obtained reflect a significant reduction of the effect of false consensus on the meditator participants. However, there are no differences in the intensity of the judgments emitted between meditators and non-meditators

Data Driven Cone Beam CT Motion Management for Radiotherapy Application

The ability to identify respiratory motion is crucial during radiation therapy treatment. In our study we introduced a novel data driven method based on principal component analysis (PCA) to extract a signal related to respiratory motion from cone beam CT projection data. Projection data acquired on cone beam CT devices normally has two motion component information within it, (1) respiratory induced motion and (2) detector rotational induced motion. Our novel approach for extracting a respiratory induced motion signal from projection data was based on computing PCA for different sections of the data set independently, and introducing a technique of combining the extracted signal from each section in a manner to represent the respiratory signal from the entire data set. We tested our method using simulation data set from XCAT software and a real patient data set. The respiratory signal extracted with the XCAT simulation yielded comparable result when compared to the ground truth respiratory signal. Initial results for the real patient data set are encouraging but show need for further refinements

RLIP76, a Glutathione-Conjugate Transporter, Plays a Major Role in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome

PURPOSE: Characteristic hypoglycemia, hypotriglyceridemia, hypocholesterolemia, lower body mass, and fat as well as pronounced insulin-sensitivity of RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice suggested to us the possibility that elevation of RLIP76 in response to stress could itself elicit metabolic syndrome (MSy). Indeed, if it were required for MSy, drugs used to treat MSy should have no effect on RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood glucose (BG) and lipid measurements were performed in RLIP76⁺/⁺ and RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice, using Ascensia Elite Glucometer® for glucose and ID Labs kits for cholesterol and triglycerides assays. The ultimate effectors of gluconeogenesis are the three enzymes: PEPCK, F-1,6-BPase, and G6Pase, and their expression is regulated by PPARγ and AMPK. The activity of these enzymes was tested by protocols standardized by us. Expressions of RLIP76, PPARα, PPARγ, HMGCR, pJNK, pAkt, and AMPK were performed by Western-blot and tissue staining. RESULTS: The concomitant activation of AMPK and PPARγ by inhibiting transport activity of RLIP76, despite inhibited activity of key glucocorticoid-regulated hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes like PEPCK, G6Pase and F-1,6-BP in RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice, is a salient finding of our studies. The decrease in RLIP76 protein expression by rosiglitazone and metformin is associated with an up-regulation of PPARγ and AMPK. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: All four drugs, rosiglitazone, metformin, gemfibrozil and atorvastatin failed to affect glucose and lipid metabolism in RLIP76⁻/⁻ mice. Studies confirmed a model in which RLIP76 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of MSy and RLIP76 loss causes profound and global alterations of MSy signaling functions. RLIP76 is a novel target for single-molecule therapeutics for metabolic syndrome

Isoscaling in central Sn+Sn collisions at 270 MeV/u

Experimental information on fragment emissions is important in understanding the dynamics of nuclear collisions and in the development of transport model simulating heavy-ion collisions. The composition of complex fragments emitted in the heavy-ion collisions can be explained by statistical models, which assume that thermal equilibrium is achieved at collision energies below 100 MeV/u. Our new experimental data together with theoretical analyses for light particles from Sn+Sn collisions at 270 MeV/u, suggest that the hypothesis of thermal equilibrium breaks down for particles emitted with high transfer momentum. To inspect the system's properties in such limit, the scaling features of the yield ratios of particles from two systems, a neutron-rich system of ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and a nearly symmetric system of ${}^{108}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$, are examined in the framework of the statistical multifragmentation model and the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model. The isoscaling from low energy particles agree with both models. However the observed breakdown of isoscaling for particles with high transverse momentum cannot be explained by the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model

Dynamic Multicomponent Reactions Directed Self-assembled G-quadruplex Inherent Antibacterial Hydrogel

Now-a-days inherent antibacterial hydrogels have gained significant attention due to their utilization against infectious bacteria. Herein, we focus on the development of injectable, self-healable, dynamic, G-quadruplex hydrogel with inherent antibacterial activity. The dynamic self-assembled hydrogel is constructed upon multicomponent reactions (MCR) among guanosine, 2-formylphenylboronic acid and amino acid/peptides in presence of potassium ions. The role of amino acid/peptides toward the formation of G-quadruplex hydrogel is studied in details. G-quadruplex structure is formed via the π-π stacking of G-quartets. The formation of G-quadruplex is investigated by thioflavin T binding assay, CD spectroscopy and PXRD. The formation of the dynamic imino-boronate bond in the hydrogels is well characterised by temperature dependent 11B NMR (VT-NMR) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore HR-TEM images and rheological experiments reveal the fibrillar networks and the viscoelastic property of the hydrogels. The presence of the dynamic imino-boronate ester bonds makes the hydrogel injectable and self-healable in nature. These dynamic G-quadruplex hydrogels show potential antibacterial activity against a series of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Such injectable and self-healable hydrogels could be used in various applications in the field of biomedical science

Generalized least squares for spectral and dual energy CT: a simulation study

International audienc

Pd(II)-Catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H Oxidation of Arylacetic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis of Benzofuranones

Pd­(II)-catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H acetoxylation of arylacetic acid derivatives is demonstrated with the aid of a novel <i>S</i>-methyl-<i>S</i>-2-pyridyl­sulfoximine (MPyS) directing group (DG). The α-mono- and α-unsubstituted arylacetic acid derivatives were readily employed in the <i>ortho</i>-C–H acetoxylations. The oxidation products are hydrolyzed, and the MPyS-DG is easily recovered, providing ready access to <i>o</i>-hydroxy­arylacetic acids. 3-Mono- and 3-unsubstituted benzo­furanones are synthesized from <i>o</i>-hydroxy­aryl­acetic acids

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Primary-C(sp³)–H Acyloxylation at Room Temperature

With the aid of a novel <i>S</i>-methyl-<i>S</i>-2-pyridyl-sulfoximine (MPyS) directing group (DG), the unactivated primary β-C(sp³)–H bond of MPyS-<i>N</i>-amides oxidizes at room temperature. The catalytic conditions are applicable to the diacetoxylation of primary β,β′-C(sp³)–H bonds, and the carboxylic acid solvent is pivotal in the formation of the C–O bond. The MPyS-DG cleaves from the oxidation products and is recovered. This method provides convenient access to α,α′-disubstituted-β-hydroxycarboxylic acids