Botanical Identity of Plants Used in the Traditional Indian ritual – ‘Hawana’

Rituals are part of Indian society even from vedic period. Hawana is one of the most important vedic ritualistic sacrifice which involves lighting fire in a rectangular Homa Kunda using dravyas. In the present scenario these are performed at the beginning of Shubha Karyas to get expected results. The priests conducting the hawanas has been interviewed. Personal observations of eight important forms of hawana were done throughout the study area. A comparative account of plants used in 8 types of hawana have been given. In present communication Botanical identity of 55 taxa, their vernacular name, family, useful part and mode of usage have been documented

Traditional Plant Fencing and its Conservatory Nature in Kasaragod District, Kerala, India

Villages of Kasaragod District are centres of agricultural practices. The fields often face the threat of wild animals and grazing. To overcome these problems temporary or permanent fences are made using different plants. These fences not only protect the fields but also play an important role in the conservation of some plants. The paper lists 67 plant species used by the villagers of Kasaragod District, Kerala for fencing

A comparative study of laws governing domestic violence in Ethiopia and India

This study aimed to compare the laws governing domestic violence in Ethiopia and India and to then determine their practical efficacy. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with victims of domestic violence, and an examination of judicial interpretation and findings in domestic violence cases, in both the city of Jimma, South-Western Ethiopia, and the town of Ranni, a district of Kerala in India. A comprehensive literature study was conducted concerning domestic violence against women in India and Ethiopia, international laws, and agreements on violence against women, and international best practices relating to domestic violence legislation and prevention. Ethiopian law governing domestic violence was compared with a similar law in India. The nature, cause, extent, and prevalence of domestic violence in both jurisdictions were identified. The findings of this study indicate various shortcomings in the law governing domestic violence in these two countries, which cause a contravention of international agreements and best practices. It was further found that legislation alone is inadequate to address domestic violence since other social and cultural factors are involved in the phenomenon. The need for enhanced legislation in India and Ethiopia to effectively address domestic violence was identified. Intervention strategies to inform policies and legislative changes in terms of domestic violence in India and Ethiopia are therefore proposed. Finally, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on addressing domestic violence in these jurisdictions.Maikemišetšo a thutelo ye ke go bapetša melao yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng go la Ethiopia le India go šupa ge eba melao ye e phethagatšwa ka mokgwa wo o ka thušago go fihlelela dipoelo tše di nyakwago. Tshedimošo e kgobokeditšwe ka mokgwa wa ditherišano tše di tseneletšego le batšwasehlabelo ba itemogetšego bošoro ka magaeng le tlhahlobo ya dikahlolo tša bokgaolakgang tša melato ya bošoro ka magaeng ka toropong ya Jimma, Borwa- Bodikela bja Ethiopia, gammogo le toropo ya Ranni, selete sa Kerala ka go India. Thutelo ya dingwalo ka botlalo e phethagaditšwe ya bošoro ka magaeng kgahlanong le basadi go la India le Ethiopia, melao le ditumelelano tša boditšhabatšhaba ka ga bošoro kgahlanong le basadi le mekgwa ye e amogetšwego boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba go ba ye mekaonekaone ya melao ya bošoro ka magaeng. Melao ya Ethopia yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng e bapeditšwe le melao yeo e swanago le yona go la India. Tlhago, seo se hlolago, bogolo le tlwaelo ya tiragalo ya bošoro ka magaeng ka kakaretšo dinageng tše pedi tše di šupilwe. Dikhwetšo tša thutelo ye di bontšha mafokodi a fapanego go melao yeo e laolago bošoro ka magaeng dinageng tše pedi tše ao a dirago gore melao ye e tshele mekgwa ye e amogetšwego boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba go ba ye mekaonekaone. Go lemogilwe gape gore tlhakamolao e nnoši ga e na maatla ao a lekanego go rarolla bošoro ka magaeng, ka ge mabaka a mangwe a setšhaba le setšo a akareditšwe. Tlhokego ya tlhakamolao ya maemo ao a phagamišitšwego ka go India le Ethiopia go lwantšha bošoro ka magaeng e šupilwe. Maano a tsenogare go fa tshedimošo ka melaotshepetšo le diphetogo tša melao ye e tsebišitšwego malebana le bošoro ka magaeng ka go India le Ethiopia ka gorealo a šišintšwe. Mafelelong, thutelo ye e tlaleletša go bontši bja tsebo ye e lego gona ka ga go rarolla bošoro ka magaeng ka go dinaga tše.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwabe kuwukuqhathanisa imithetho elawula udlame lwasekhaya e-Ethiopia kanye nase-India ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi le mithetho isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele yini. Idatha yaqoqwa ngokuthi kubanjwe izingxoxo ezinohlonze futhi ezijulile nabantu abayizisulu zodlame lwasekhaya futhi kwacutshungulwa kwaphinde kwahlaziywa nezinqumo zenkantolo emacaleni odlame lwasekhaya edolobheni lase-Jimma, eNingizimu- Ntshonalanga Ethiopia, kanye nasedolobheni lase-Ranni, esifundeni sase-Kerala kwelase-India. Kwenziwa ucwaningo lwemibhalo olubanzi mayelana nodlame lwasekhaya olubhekiswe kwabesifazane e-India nase-Ethiopia, futhi kwahlaziywa nemibhalo equkethe imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivumelwano eziphathelene nokunqandwa kodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane kanye nemithetho ephuma phambili emhlabeni jikelele, eyisibonelo esihle, yokulwisana nodlame lwasekhaya. Imithetho yase-Ethiopia elawula udlame lwasekhaya yaqhathaniswa nemithetho efanayo kwelase-India. Kwahlonzwa ubunjalo, izimbangela, ububanzi kanye nokusabalala kodlame lwasekhaya kuwo womabili lawa mazwe. Okwatholwa wulolu cwaningo kubonisa amaphutha nokwahluleka okuhlukahlukene emithethweni elawula udlame lwasekhaya kulawa mazwe, okubangela ukuthi le mithetho iphule izinkambiso eziphuma phambili ezibekiwe emhlabeni jikelele eziyisibonelo emazweni amaningi. Kwatholakala futhi nokuthi imithetho iyodwa ayanele ekubhekaneni nodlame lwasekhaya, njengoba zikhona nezinye izinto eziphathelene nenhlalo kanye namasiko ezibandakanyekayo kulokhu. Kwahlonzwa isidingo sokuthi imithetho yenziwe ngcono kwelase-India nase- Ethiopia ukuze kubhekwane nodlame lwasekhaya ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, kwaphakanyiswa amasu okungenelela, okuyiwona azosetshenziswa ekwakheni izinqubomgomo nokwenza izinguquko emithethweni yokulwisana nodlame lwasekhaya e-India nase-Ethiopia. Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo lufaka isandla emthamweni wolwazi olukhona njengamanje mayelana nokubhekana nodlame lwasekhaya kulawa mazwe.Criminal and Procedural LawD. Phil. (Criminal Justice

A Sustainable Form of Land Use under Borassus flabellifer: A Case Study in Jaffna District of Sri Lanka

Perennial plantations play a significant role in mitigating climate change and improve the plant diversity. This study was carried out to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of Plamyrah (Borassus flabellifer) land use in twelve different soil series in Jaffna district and to estimate the plant diversity of the same. Samples were collected from sampling quadrates of 10 mx10 m. A total of 75 quadrates were sampled. Numbers of quadrates in each soil series were selected based on the extent of Palmyrah plants and soil series. From each quadrate following data was collected: number of Palmyrah trees and other trees and their height and diameter at breast height. Soil samples were also collected within each quadrate at three depths, up to a depth of 30 cm. For the estimation of biomass carbon stock Palmyrah wood density was determined using 15 wood samples. Biomass carbon was estimated using the standard equations. Soil organic carbon percentage was determined by loss on ignition method. The total carbon stock was determined by the summation of carbon in palm biomass and soil carbon. Plant diversity was estimated in terms of number of species, Shannan Weiver index (SWI) and evenness. Soil organic carbon percentage of Palmyrah land use in different soil series ranged between 1.1-4.5%. Soil organic carbon stock in different soil series ranged 51-190 Mg/ha. There was no significance difference among soil organic carbon percentage of Palmyra land use in different soil series. Top most layer (0-10 cm) had significantly higher amount of soil organic carbon than sub surface layers (10-20 cm, 20-30 cm). Palm density of Plamyrah land uses in different soil series ranged 5-13/100 m2. Biomass carbon stock ranged between 2.83-6.80 Mg/100 m2. Biomass carbon stock in different soil series was significantly differed. Total carbon stock ranged 4.06-7.97 Mg/100 m2. A total of 22 plant species belonging to 13 families were identified in the Palmyrah land uses in the study area. Arecaceae family was vastly distributed in the palmyrah land use while Poaceae and Malvaceae were the poorly distributed ones. The mean value of Shannan Weiver Index (SWI) was 1.2 while evenness was 0.74. This study therefore concludes that the Plamyrah land use in the study area has great potential to sequester carbon in long term, while maintaining a reasonable tree species diversity. Keywords: Soil carbon, Biomass carbon, Plant diversity, Carbon stoc

Fine mapping of rice drought QTL and study on combined effect of QTL for their physiological parameters under moisture stress condition

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of different yield QTL (DTY2.2, DTY3.1 and DTY8.1) under drought and their physiological response to drought stress. Backcross Inbred Lines (BILs) of IR64 (CB-193 and CB-229) along with IR64, APO and the traditional rice variety Norungan were raised in green house condition under water stress and control to evaluate the effect of the QTL on grain yield. The BIL CB-193 recorded higher photosynthetic rate (22.051), transpiration rate (7.152) and Ci/Ca ratio (0.597) whereas the BIL CB-229 recorded high relative water content (80.76%). It was found that the combination of three QTL (CB-229) performed better than the susceptible parent and the line with two QTL (CB-193 Fine-mapping of two QTLs viz., qDTY2.2 and qDTY8.1, for grain yield (GY) were conducted using backcross derived lines. Composite interval mapping analyses resolved the originally identified qDTY2.2 region of 6.7 cM into a segment of 2.1 cM and two sub QTLs at region between RM23132 and RM1578 (75.75 cM- 77.66 cM), RM515 and RM1578 (75.11 cM-77.66 cM) were identified in qDTY8.1 region. However this study provides a unique opportunity to breeders to introgress such regions together as a unit into high-yielding drought-susceptible varieties through MAS

Status of exploitation of tuna, mackerel and seerfish in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Annual fish landing of Andaman and Nicobar Islands during 1989-'99 and the contribution of scombroids viz., tuna, mackerel and seerfishes are described. During the period the exploitation of tuna ranged between 321 to 3,8231, the average contribution being about 5% of the total fish landings. Among the tuna species, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares is the major contributor followed by skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis and bigeye tuna Thunns obesus all of which are best caught during March to August. The mackerfel fishery is supported by Rastrelliger brachysoma followed by R.kanagurta. The total mackerel landings ranged between 806 to 1,9551, the major fishing season being from March to June and September to October and is best caught in the gill nets and boat seines. Seerfishes are dominantly represented by two genera and three species vjz. Scomberomorus commerson, S. guttatus and Acanthocybium solandri. Their major fishing season is from March to August and November to Febmary, being generally caught by gill nets, troll lines and hand lines. During the period of 1989 -'99, the total exploitation of seerfishes ranged between 293 to 1,172 t and showed a gradual increase in their production

A review on the citations of Ratnas in Garuda Purana

In Ayurveda, one can get various references regarding Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa (a treatment modality which is based on logic) and Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa (a modality of treatment based on past deeds and pleasing of God). Ayurveda has always utilised plant and mineral origin for the purpose of Chikitsa. Scholars all over the world are searching for new ideas, concepts, processes, products by looking backward for getting the knowledge from the ancient books and traditions. Indian epics and ancient scriptures like Puranas contain majority of knowledge accumulated during past thousands of years. Gem stones are very amply discussed in Hinduism scriptures. Especially in the Puranas, we find many descriptionson gemstones, embedded in its Sanskrit verses along with fascinating mythological origins. Hence the present article aims to review regarding origin, identification and test of genuineness for gems as described in Garuda Purana