4,091 research outputs found
Longitudinal spin-relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy centers in electron irradiated diamond
We present systematic measurements of longitudinal relaxation rates ()
of spin polarization in the ground state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color
center in synthetic diamond as a function of NV concentration and magnetic
field . NV centers were created by irradiating a Type 1b single-crystal
diamond along the [100] axis with 200 keV electrons from a transmission
electron microscope with varying doses to achieve spots of different NV
center concentrations. Values of () were measured for each spot as a
function of .Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure
Theoretical He I Emissivities in the Case B Approximation
We calculate the He I case B recombination cascade spectrum using improved
radiative and collisional data. We present new emissivities over a range of
electron temperatures and densities. The differences between our results and
the current standard are large enough to have a significant effect not only on
the interpretation of observed spectra of a wide variety of objects but also on
determinations of the primordial helium abundance.Comment: Accepted to ApJ
Single pulse and profile variability study of PSR J1022+1001
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are known as highly stable celestial clocks.
Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed the unstable nature of their
integrated pulse profiles, which may limit the achievable pulsar timing
precision. In this paper, we present a case study on the pulse profile
variability of PSR J1022+1001. We have detected approximately 14,000 sub-pulses
(components of single pulses) in 35-hr long observations, mostly located at the
trailing component of the integrated profile. Their flux densities and
fractional polarisation suggest that they represent the bright end of the
energy distribution in ordinary emission mode and are not giant pulses. The
occurrence of sub-pulses from the leading and trailing components of the
integrated profile is shown to be correlated. For sub-pulses from the latter, a
preferred pulse width of approximately 0.25 ms has been found. Using
simultaneous observations from the Effelsberg 100-m telescope and the
Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, we have found that the integrated profile
varies on a timescale of a few tens of minutes. We show that improper
polarisation calibration and diffractive scintillation cannot be the sole
reason for the observed instability. In addition, we demonstrate that timing
residuals generated from averages of the detected sub-pulses are dominated by
phase jitter, and place an upper limit of ~700 ns for jitter noise based on
continuous 1-min integrations.Comment: 13 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA
Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers: Recent advances and key issues
Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers have become an increasingly active area of
research in recent years. Many challenges remain in theory, scaling, physical understanding,
experimental techniques, and numerical simulations. In this paper we distill the salient advances of
recent origin, particularly those that challenge textbook orthodoxy. Some of the outstanding
questions, such as the extent of the logarithmic overlap layer, the universality or otherwise of the
principal model parameters such as the von Kármán “constant,” the parametrization of roughness
effects, and the scaling of mean flow and Reynolds stresses, are highlighted. Research avenues that
may provide answers to these questions, notably the improvement of measuring techniques and the
construction of new facilities, are identified. We also highlight aspects where differences of opinion
persist, with the expectation that this discussion might mark the beginning of their resolution
Practical experiences with the reduction of prevalence of Salmonella infections in pig herds
Salmonella reduction is an issue with still increasing importance for the swine production. PIC in Germany has already started with specific interventions to reduce Salmonella prevalence in their breeding herds in 2001 – just one year before the “QS Qualität und Sicherheit GmbH” began to set up the serological Salmonella monitoring in German finishing pigs
The optimal schedule for pulsar timing array observations
In order to maximize the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to a stochastic
gravitational wave background, we present computational techniques to optimize
observing schedules. The techniques are applicable to both single and
multi-telescope experiments. The observing schedule is optimized for each
telescope by adjusting the observing time allocated to each pulsar while
keeping the total amount of observing time constant. The optimized schedule
depends on the timing noise characteristics of each individual pulsar as well
as the performance of instrumentation. Several examples are given to illustrate
the effects of different types of noise. A method to select the most suitable
pulsars to be included in a pulsar timing array project is also presented.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRA
Paradoxical popups: Why are they hard to catch?
Even professional baseball players occasionally find it difficult to
gracefully approach seemingly routine pop-ups. This paper describes a set of
towering pop-ups with trajectories that exhibit cusps and loops near the apex.
For a normal fly ball, the horizontal velocity is continuously decreasing due
to drag caused by air resistance. But for pop-ups, the Magnus force (the force
due to the ball spinning in a moving airflow) is larger than the drag force. In
these cases the horizontal velocity decreases in the beginning, like a normal
fly ball, but after the apex, the Magnus force accelerates the horizontal
motion. We refer to this class of pop-ups as paradoxical because they appear to
misinform the typically robust optical control strategies used by fielders and
lead to systematic vacillation in running paths, especially when a trajectory
terminates near the fielder. In short, some of the dancing around when
infielders pursue pop-ups can be well explained as a combination of bizarre
trajectories and misguidance by the normally reliable optical control strategy,
rather than apparent fielder error. Former major league infielders confirm that
our model agrees with their experiences.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, sumitted to American Journal of Physic
Computer Vision for the Humanities: An Introduction to Deep Learning for Image Classification (Part 1)
This is the first of a two-part lesson introducing deep learning based computer vision methods for humanities research. Using a dataset of historical newspaper advertisements and the fastai Python library, the lesson walks through the pipeline of training a computer vision model to perform image classification
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