Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Web untuk SMA Kelas X pada Pokok Bahasan Listrik Dinamis

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan pengguna internet yang cukup tinggi hingga mencapai 30%. Telah banyak weblog yang membahas fisika tetapi masih jarang ditemui web yang memuat materi tentang listrik dinamis yang disertai dengan animasi atau simulasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis web pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis yang sesuai dengan standar dan kelayakan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah pemahaman dalam pembelajaran di kelas dan dapat menjadi sumber belajar suplemen untuk siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development. Media yang dikembangkan berupa website HTML dengan konten sub materi listrik dinamis untuk SMA kelas X, disusun menggunakan software CoffeeCup Free HTML Editor. Media disusun dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Program diuji oleh dosen ahli materi dan praktisi media berdasarkan indikator yang telah ditentukan dan kemudian hasilnya diolah menggunakan black block test. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan masuk dalam kategori baik dengan komponen isi materi mendapat skor 91,35%, komponen teknis media 83,8%, dan hasil uji coba lapangan 78,1%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa website yang dikembangkan layak dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran Fisika untuk SMA kelas X pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis. Kata kunci : Pengembangan, Media Pembelajaran, Website, HTML, Listrik Dinamis

Knee arthroscopy and exercise versus exercise only for chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Arthroscopy is often used to treat patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). As there is a lack of evidence, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of arthroscopy in patients with chronic PFPS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 56 patients with chronic PFPS were randomized into two treatment groups: an <it>arthroscopy group </it>(<it>N </it>= 28), treated with knee arthroscopy and an 8-week home exercise program, and a <it>control group </it>(<it>N </it>= 28), treated with the 8-week home exercise program only. The arthroscopy included finding-specific surgical procedures according to current recommendations. The primary outcome was the Kujala score on patellofemoral pain and function at 9 months following randomization. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scales (VASs) to assess activity-related symptoms. We also estimated the direct healthcare costs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both groups showed marked improvement during the follow-up. The mean improvement in the Kujala score was 12.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2–17.6) in the arthroscopy group and 11.4 (95% CI 6.9–15.8) in the control group. However, there was no difference between the groups in mean improvement in the Kujala score (group difference 1.1 (95% CI -7.4 - 5.2)) or in any of the VAS scores. Total direct healthcare costs in the arthroscopy group were estimated to exceed on average those of the control group by €901 per patient (<it>p </it>< 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this controlled trial involving patients with chronic PFPS, the outcome when arthroscopy was used in addition to a home exercise program was no better than when the home exercise program was used alone.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 41800323</p

PERBANDINGAN EKSPRESI PROTEIN Bcl-XL SEL TROFOBLAS PLASENTA ANTARA PREEKLAMPSIA BERAT DENGAN KEHAMILAN NORMOTENSI

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes behind maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis remains unclear but recently many believes that the failure of spiral arteries remodelling will eventually lead to placental hypoxia. On preeclampsia complicated-pregnancy, the trophoblast apoptosis is considered being excessive. Eventhough this hypothesis is still understudy, it is believed that trophoblast apoptosis regulation play a role in preeclampsia complicated-pregnancy pathophysiology. Molecular apoptosis mechanism in human is very complex and involves many signaling molecules, among them is Bcl-2. Bcl2� s group consist of proapoptosis (Bax) and apoptosis inhibitor (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Objective: To compare the expression of Bcl-xLprotein on pregnancy trophoblast between severe preeclampsia complicated-pregnancy and normotension pregnancy. Method: This cross sectional study involves population of severe preeclampsia and normotension patient that being treated at RSUP Sardjito from October 2011 until March 2012. Placenta samples were obtained from 43 severe preeclampsia/eclampsia complicated-pregnancy and 38 placentas from normotension pregnancy. Bcl-xL protein expression was observed using immunohistochemistry technique. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test (p<0.05). Result: There was significant difference Bcl-xL protein expression on trophoblast cells in severe preeclampsia complicated-pregnancy group 1.29 ± 0.12 compared to normotension pregnancy group 1.71 ± 0.14 with p=0.00. From the logitic regression analysis reveals that the presence of severe preeclamsia has a consistent statistically significant role to the Bcl-xL protein expression with p=0.000. Conclusion: Bcl-xL protein expression is lower in severe preeclampsia complicatedpregnancy compared to normotension pregnancy