Modeling the Relationship between Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Scientific Habits of Mind, Attitudes towards Socio-scientific Issues and Scientific Literacy

Socio-scientific issues (SSI), including dilemmas and problems in scientific and social terms, are directly related to individuals’ daily lives. Individuals’ interests and attitudes towards SSI also affect their perspective on events in their lives. For this reason, as a member of society, it is essential to research variables that are thought to be related to pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI. Based on this point, the relationship between pre-service elementary teachers’ attitudes towards SSI, their scientific habits of mind (SHOMS) for SSI, and their level of scientific literacy are studied and tried to be modeled. One hundred twenty pre-service elementary teachers studying at a university in the south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey have participated in this study. The correlation research design from descriptive research methods is used in this study.  In this context, three data collection tools are used with the personal data form. Research results have been analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. According to the analysis results, it is determined that pre-service elementary teachers’ SHOMS for SSI affect scientific literacy, and attitudes towards SSI affect interest in scientific knowledge and publications

The Impact of a Research Methods Course on Teacher Candidates’ Epistemological Beliefs

The epistemological beliefs of teachers impact both their in-class practices and the perceptions and beliefs of the students whose learning is the responsibility of teachers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and discuss the impact of a course entitled “research methods” which is taught in education faculties in Turkey, on the epistemological beliefs of teacher candidates. The study adopted the mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Forty-three teacher candidates participated in the study. The data for the study were collected through the “Scientific Epistemological Beliefs Scale (SEBs)”, a semi-structured interview form, and another form that included the written opinions of teacher candidates. The findings revealed that the research methods taught to teacher candidates do not have a statistically significant impact on their epistemological beliefs. But the analysis of the semi-structured interviews with teacher candidates and their written comments revealed that the teacher candidates explained the nature of knowledge, its sources, and the way scientists work through the traditional understanding of science

Sastav eteričnih ulja u iglicama i kori turskoga crvenog bora (Pinus brutia Ten.) zaraženoga insektom Marchalina hellenica Genn.

The scale insect Marchalina hellenica Genn. plays a key role in pine honey production and is hosted mainly by Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). The needles of Turkish red pine are rich in essential oils. Moreover, essential oils can affect the host selection of insects. The essential oils in the needles and barks of Marchalina hellenica-infested and non-infested Turkish red pine were obtained via water distillation and their composition was determined by GC-MS analyses. The composition of the essential oils was found to differ in the needles of non-infested Turkish red pine and in those of pine infested by Marchalina hellenica. The Mann-Whitney U test results showed that the β-caryophyllene level was higher in the needles of Turkish red pine infested by Marchalina hellenica, whereas the junipen level was higher in the essential oil of non-infested Turkish red pine bark. Pimaral and α-guaiene were detected only in the needles of infested trees, but were absent in the needles of non-infested trees. These components may be markers that can act on their own or as part of the whole in the host tree selection of Marchalina hellenica. In addition, the cis-verbenone component found in Turkish red pine bark might play a role in attracting Marchalina hellenica. This phenomenon should be further investigated through additional studies.Ljuskavica Marchalina hellenica Genn. ima ključnu ulogu u proizvodnji meda od borovine, a uglavnom živi na turskome crvenom boru (Pinus brutia Ten.). Iglice tog bora bogate su eteričnim uljima. Štoviše, eterična ulja za insekte mogu biti presudna pri odabiru domaćina na kojemu će se nastaniti. Eterična ulja iz iglica turskoga crvenog bora zaraženoga i nezaraženoga ljuskavicom Marchalina hellenica dobivena su vodenom destilacijom, a njihov je sastav određen GC-MS analizama. Utvrđeno je da je sastav eteričnih ulja u iglicama ne-zaraženoga turskoga crvenog bora i u iglicama bora zaraženoga s Marchalina hellenica različit. Rezultati Mann-Whitneyjeva U-testa pokazali su da je razina β-kariofilena veća u iglicama crvenoga turskog bora zaraženoga s Marchalina hellenica, dok je razina kleke viša u eteričnom ulju nezaražene kore turskoga crvenog bora. Pimaral i α-guaiene otkriveni su samo u zaraženim iglicama stabala, ali ih nije bilo u iglicama nezaraženih borova. Te komponente mogu biti markeri koji pri selekciji stabla domaćina Marchaline hellenice mogu djelovati sami ili kao dio cjeline. Osim toga, komponenta cis-verbenon, pronađena u kori turskoga crvenog bora, mogla bi imati važnu ulogu u privlačenju Marchaline hellenice. Tu je pojavu potrebno detaljnije istražiti u dodatnim studijama

Combining acceleration techniques for pricing in a VRP with time windows

In this study, we investigate a solution methodology for a variant of the VRP with time windows. The cost of each route depends on its overall duration (including waiting times), while the departure time of a vehicle is a decision variable. Furthermore, each route has a maximum permitted duration. In order to solve this problem with a branch-and-price methodology, we study also the associated pricing problem, an elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints (ESPPRC). Compared to the classical ESPPRC, this variant admits an infinite number of Pareto-optimal states. In order to tackle this, it was shown in [1] that it is possible to represent the total travelling time as a piecewise linear function of the service start time at the depot. Together with this representation, an appropriate label structure and domi- nance rules are proposed and integrated into an exact bidirectional dynamic programming algorithm [2]. It is possible to implement certain acceleration techniques in the dynamic program- ming algorithm used to solve the pricing problem. We focus on two of these techniques: decremental state space relaxation (DSSR), introduced in [3], and ng-route relaxation, in- troduced in [4] and [5]. DSSR aims to enforce gradually the constraints on the elementarity of the path, which adversely affect the number of generated and dominated labels. A set of critical nodes is iteratively populated, and elementarity is enforced only on these critical nodes. When using ng-route relaxation, a neighbourhood is defined for each vertex. Then, the labels are extended such that, thanks to this neighbourhood structure, it is possible to allow only cycles that are relatively expensive and therefore less likely to appear in the optimal solution. In this study, we explore several different strategies used to apply these techniques, for example initialization strategies for the critical vertex set in DSSR, or the size of the neighbourhoods for ng-route relaxation. We also analyze two ways of combining DSSR and ng-route relaxation. The different algorithmic choices are represented as categorical parameters. The categorical parameters, together with the numerical ones, can be tuned with tools for automatic algorithm configuration such as the irace package [6]. We discuss how this column generation procedure can be included as a component in the development of a matheuristic based on the idea in [7], which consists in a collaboration scheme between a branch-and-price algorithm, an exact MIP solver, and a metaheuristic

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. Peel Extract, Their Antioxidant, Antipathogenic, and Anticholinesterase Activity

The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium cepa (yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and −13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on P. aeuruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications

ENDORSMENT FOR COLLECTION AND LEGAL REGIME TO WHICH IT IS

Kıymetli evrak öyle senetlerdir ki, bunların içerdikleri hak, senetten ayrı olarak ileri sürülemediği gibi başkalarına da devredilemez (TTK m. 645/1). Emre yazılı kıymetli evrak üzerinde mülkiyet veya sınırlı bir ayni hak tesis edilmesi veya senette bulunan hakkın tahsilinin sağlanması ancak ciro ve senet zilyetliğinin geçirilmesi yolu ile mümkündür (TTK m. 646/1, 647/1). 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu yapılış amacını esas alarak üç çeşit ciroyu hüküm altına almıştır. Bunlar; temlik cirosu, tahsil cirosu ve rehin cirosudur. Ciro, “bedeli tahsil içindir”, “vekâleten” veya bedelin başkası adına kabul edileceğini belirten bir şerhi ya da sadece vekil etmeyi ifade eden bir kaydı içerirse, hamil, poliçeden doğan bütün hakları kullanabilir; fakat o poliçeyi ancak tahsil cirosu ile tekrar ciro edebilir (TTK m. 688/1). Bu kapsamda senedi tahsil cirosu ile iktisap eden hamil, senet bedelini borçlusundan tahsil ederek aralarındaki anlaşma doğrultusunda cirantasına teslim etmektedir. Senet dolayısıyla sorumluluk altına giren kişiler, ancak cirantaya karşı sahip olduğu def’ileri hamile karşı ilerisi sürebilir (TTK m. 688/2). Tahsil cirosunun içerdiği yetki, bu yetkiyi verenin ölümü ile sona ermeyeceği gibi, onun medenî hakları kullanma ehliyetini kaybetmesiyle de ortadan kalkmaz (TTK m. 688/3).A valuable paper is such instrument that, without the instrument itself, the right attached to the paper can neither be exercised nor be transferred to another person (TCC a. 645/1). The establishment of ownership or restricted real right on a promissory note or collecting the value of the promissory note can only be done through endorsement and transfer of the possession of the instrument (TCC a. 646/1;647/1). Turkish Commercial Code no. 6102 regulates three different types of endorsement, taking the purposes of the endorsement into consideration. When an endorsement contains the statements “value in collection”, “for collection”, “by procuration” or any other phrase implying a simple mandate, the holder may exercise all rights arising out of the paper, but he can only endorse it in his capacity as agent (TCC 688/1). In this context, the holder, who acquires the instrument via an endorsement for collection, collects the value of the instrument from the debtor and delivers it to the endorser, in accordance with the agreement between the bearer and the endorser. In this case, the parties liable can only set up against the holder defences which could be set up against the endorser. (TCC 688/2). The authority inherent to the endorsement for collection can’t expire because of the decease of the delegator or the loss of the capacity of the delegator to exercise his/her civil rights (TCC 688/3).